Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities最新文献

{"title":"In memory of two prominent philologists and anthropologists","authors":"I. Razumova","doi":"10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to prominent Russian philologists E. V. Dushechkina (1941–2020) and A. F. Belousov (1946–2023). Graduates of the University of Tartu, students of Yu. M. Lotman, they belonged to the Tartu-Moscow scientific school, began their scientific and teaching activities in Estonia - at the University of Tartu and the Tallinn Pedagogical Institute. Since 1990, the couple lived and worked in St. Petersburg. E.V. Dushechkina was a professor at St. Petersburg University. A.F. Belousov was a senior researcher at the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and then an assistant professor of children's literature at the St. Petersburg State University of Culture and Arts. In the scientific work of Dushechkina, the main theme was Russian calendar prose and related cultural phenomena. A.F. Belousov became a pioneer in a number of areas of folklore and cultural anthropology related to modern children's and urban folklore, the culture of the Russian provinces. The author pays tribute to the memory of her mentors and colleagues.","PeriodicalId":198792,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116394506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Democratization\" of army and naval life: Russian servicemen in Finland during the socio-political transformations of the revolution 1917","authors":"E. Dubrovskaya","doi":"10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.008","url":null,"abstract":"The materials of archival documents first introduced into scientific circulation from the funds of the National Archive of Finland, the Russian State Archive of the Navy in St. Petersburg, publications in the periodical press of 1917 and memoir literature examined aspects of socio-political transformations that took place during the Russian revolution in the Russian troops placed on the territory of the former autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. The article considers the ambiguously assessed manifestations of the \"democratization\" of army and naval life, as well as their influence on the public mood of officers, soldiers and sailors. The consequences of the transformational processes that developed in the Russian troops at the final stage of the First World War are shown, both for the combat effectiveness of land and sea units, and for the relationship between military personnel and the population of Finland.","PeriodicalId":198792,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125988657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance of the \"right\" professorship: the election of the dean of the faculty of physics and mathematics of Leningrad State University in 1926","authors":"D. Barinov","doi":"10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.013","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to one of the episodes of confrontation between different generations of teaching staff at the Leningrad University in the 1920s. On the example of the election of the dean of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, on the one hand, the methods of struggle of the old pre-revolutionary professors for their autonomy are demonstrated, on the other hand, the attempts of the Bolsheviks to promote cadres loyal to themselves to leading positions in Leningrad State University. The episode under consideration demonstrates that, contrary to existing opinions, the old professors were by no means a silent victim of the sovietization policy and had the strength to resist.","PeriodicalId":198792,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132416939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“The line of Uvarov” vs “the line of Magnitsky”: ideological struggle in the Ministry of Public Education in 1817–1821 and the first resignation of S. S. Uvarov","authors":"Ivan S. Pustivoit, T. Zhukovskaya","doi":"10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.010","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the resignation of S. S. Uvarov from the post of trustee of the St. Petersburg educational district in 1821, a kind of fork in the history of the capital district, but also in the entire policy of education of the Alexander reign. Since the establishment of the Ministry of Spiritual Affairs and Public Education in 1817 and the appointment of a trustee of Emperor A. N. Golitsyn, the composition and mode of operation of the expert body of the MNP — the Main Board of Schools — has changed. In it, active exposing activities were launched by new members of M. L. Magnitsky and D. P. Runich, who became the mainstay of Golitsyn, in essence, his personal experts. S. S. Uvarov fought for several years with the “Golitsyn party” for the preservation of the principles of school and university reform, laid down in the legislation of 1802–1804. The confrontation within the MNP, which determined for a decade the fate of not only the metropolitan university, but also the general course in the management of education, unfolded between the “Magnitsky line” and the “Uvarov line” and began as early as 1817 on the issue of the “second category” of the Main Pedagogical Institute, in which Uvarov intended to concentrate the training of elementary school teachers using the Lancaster method. The confrontation turned into open forms in 1819 on the issue of closing the Kazan University. In the second half of 1819, Uvarov's opponents blocked a constructive discussion in the GPU and the adoption of a special charter for St. Petersburg University. In 1820, the confrontation between the two parties was aggravated by the history of the prohibition of the book of Professor A. P. Kunitsyn “Natural Law” and the exclusion of the subject itself from the program not only of St. Petersburg, but also of other universities. Then the Noble boarding school at St. Petersburg University became the object of denunciation, which led to personnel changes, a change in the mode of education and a tightening of disciplinary supervision. Based on archival and published sources, a chronicle of the dramatic events of the turn of the 1810s–1820s is presented, when, as a result of ideological sabotage, M. L. Magnitsky and D. P. Runich, there is a change in the vector in the policy of education in the direction of fighting the principles developed in 1802-1804: the autonomy of universities, the European orientation in scientific and personnel policy, the selectivity and softness of the class framework in the school system.","PeriodicalId":198792,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities","volume":"6 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116741741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S. S Uvarov and educational policy in the South-Western provinces in the 1830–1840s","authors":"A. Ashikhmin","doi":"10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.011","url":null,"abstract":"In an article based on unpublished archival documents from the funds of the Department of Public Education, the Office of the minister S. S. Uvarov and the collection of the Imperial decrees, rescripts and loyal reports, the “restraining” elements of the imperial policy in education, their mechanisms and features on the territory of the “provinces returned from Poland” are analyzed. Particular attention is given to the reasons of administrators’ struggle with Polish influence in educational institutions. In the context of the “depolonization” policy, minister S. S. Uvarov’s project on the creation of the University of St. Vladimir in Kiev and its practical implementation are examined. The problem of the limited power of the Ministry of Public Education in the entrusted affairs due to the predominance of emergency mechanisms of administrative and police control in the territory of the Kiev educational district is also being investigated.","PeriodicalId":198792,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116077565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About one household item of the Altaians","authors":"E. Yamaeva","doi":"10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the culture and religious beliefs of the Altaians and the use of household, family things in the course of rituals. In the traditional culture, reflecting the pastoral lifestyle of nomads, felt products occupy a special place. Everyday household items, such as felt, being included in the ritual field of the rite, acquire special significance. During a religious prayer, they can be presented as a bedding for the master spirit of Altai, celestial deities who can “descend from heaven” and sit on a carpet. In the first half of the XX century. in rituals, large felt carpets were widely used, which are used in everyday life as a “wrapping” material for newborn lambs and calves. Nowadays, the practice includes small family rugs, which the faithful take with them to individual or public prayers.","PeriodicalId":198792,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124569261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological stations in the Russian empire: organization and financing","authors":"E. Zharova","doi":"10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.012","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the features of the organization and financing of marine and freshwater biological stations. The history of the biological stations was described from the point of mainly biography or the scientific interests of the researchers who worked there. However, this shows only one side of their activity. This article comes to the other side, how the stations were organized and who controlled them, as well as who gave money for their activities. The founders of the stations were mostly university professors; however, the stations were not directly subordinated to universities, but to scientific societies. Such subordination was the reason of bureaucratic obstacles: in order to organize stations at universities, it was necessary to obtain official permission from the minister, and then receive funds from the university, which itself needed them. This was the reason that professors preferred to use scientific societies that provided money from membership fees, or use their own funds. The patronage was also used. The ministries of public education and agriculture and state property, which were the most interested in the stations, gave money extremely reluctantly and irregularly. Therefore, the stations experienced chronic financial needs and needed funding all the time during the imperial period.","PeriodicalId":198792,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116200828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imagining Hyperborea: the perceptions of residents of the Murmansk region on tourism development in Kovdor","authors":"Alena S. Davydova","doi":"10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.005","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the perceptions of the residents of the Murmansk region regarding the development of tourism in the town of Kovdor, based on an analysis of survey results. The study is based on theoretical research in the field of sustainable tourism, an important part of which involves studying the opinions of the local population regarding the development of tourism in their area. The results of the study demonstrated that many respondents were quite skeptical about the development of Kovdor as a place where traces of the ancient civilization of Hyperborea can be found. This is largely because it pertains to alternative history, which has little in common with the industrial history of Kovdor and the image of a Kovdor resident. According to the respondents, spiritual tourism and everything associated with it does not fit into the general ideas of the region and nature tourism, which should be the main focus.","PeriodicalId":198792,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126624401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kola North archaeology: an overview for 2022","authors":"E. Kolpakov, A. Kiseleva, A. Murashkin, V. Shumkin","doi":"10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.015","url":null,"abstract":"Up until now the book by N.N. Gurina released in 1997 is the only general work about the ancient history of the Kola Peninsula. This article is a brief summary of the archeology and history of the Kola North with an emphasis on research over the past 25 years. Modern scientific ideas suggest two ways of how the first humans initially populated the Kola Peninsula in the Mesolithic: \"western\" — along the coast of Norway from southern Scandinavia, \"eastern\" — from areas to the south and /or east of Kola Peninsula. The transition to the Neolithic, marked by the appearance of pottery, takes place in the second half of the 6th millennium BC. In the middle of the 3rd millennium BC the Gressbakken culture appears, which exists until the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. In the 1st millennium BC elements of the Saami culture are known, which develops up to the modern times. At the same time common archaeological cultures existed at all times on the Kola Peninsula and the North of Scandinavia and Finland. Ancient Russian culture comes to this region no later than the 12th century.","PeriodicalId":198792,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114937024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the question of the material wealth of a rural priest in the Kola North at the beginning of the 19th century: the inventory of Andrey Andrianov's property","authors":"Yu. N. Kozhevnikova","doi":"10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37614/2949-1185.2023.2.1.007","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the previously unexplored issue of the financial situation of the priest of the Ponoy parish at the beginning of the XIX century. The main source of information for the study was the inventory of the personal property of Priest Andrei Adrianov, which was found in the fund of the Kem Spiritual Collegium (National Archive of the Republic of Karelia), compiled in 1818 in connection with his death. It turns out that a rare document contains important information about the wealth of the deceased priest and eloquently testifies to the low level of his well-being. It records the property reflecting the specifics of the life support of a pontifical priest at a time when the rural clergy had not yet received a regular state salary.","PeriodicalId":198792,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Kоla Science Centre. Series: Natural Sciences and Humanities","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123556016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}