Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research最新文献_第8页

Variations in the Maximum Electron Density of the F2 Layer (NmF2) over the Middle Latitude Station of Grahamstown, South Africa, during Solar Cycle 23 第23太阳活动周期间南非Grahamstown中纬度站F2层最大电子密度(NmF2)变化

Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.21926/aeer.2204048

A. Ogwala, E. Onori, C. Ogabi, O. Ometan, K. Yusuf, E. Somoye, Janet Odewale

{"title":"Variations in the Maximum Electron Density of the F2 Layer (NmF2) over the Middle Latitude Station of Grahamstown, South Africa, during Solar Cycle 23","authors":"A. Ogwala, E. Onori, C. Ogabi, O. Ometan, K. Yusuf, E. Somoye, Janet Odewale","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204048","url":null,"abstract":"Ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray radiation are the primary causes of ionization that produce electron density in sufficient quantities to promote the propagation of satellite radio signals in the ionosphere. The electron densities suffer from spatio-temporal variations, and this poses different degrees of threats to satellite radio signals propagating through the ionosphere. We aimed to characterize the maximum electron density of the F2 layer (NmF2) in the middle-latitude ionosphere over Grahamstown, South Africa (Geographic latitude: 33.30°S, Geographic longitude: 26.50°E; Geomagnetic Latitude: 33.92°S, Geomagnetic Longitude: 89.37°E). The mean NmF2 data for solar cycle 23 (1998–2008) were used for the studies. The data were grouped into the high solar activity (HSA: 2000–2002), moderate solar activity (MSA: 1998–1999, 2003–2005), and low solar activity (LSA: 2006–2008) years. NmF2 variations were characterized based on the diurnal, seasonal, monthly, and annual data. Also, the correlation between NmF2 and the sunspot number was investigated. Results on diurnal and seasonal variations revealed that noontime bite-out of NmF2 was observed during the June solstice every year. However, it was not observed in the other three seasons. Equinoctial asymmetry is observed to show insignificant annual and solar cycle variations. The seasonal and annual variations of NmF2 with sunspot number were linear (exception: June solstice for MSA, the year 1999; HSA, years 2000–2001). The results reveal that the correlation between NmF2 and the sunspot number was insignificant under conditions of the annual, solar cycle, and latitudinal variations (exception: MSA, the year 2005; negative correlation (0.64)).","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125996176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon Footprint Study of Korean Green Tea Industry Using the Methods of the Life Cycle Assessment and Calculating Carbon Absorption in Agricultural Land 利用生命周期评价和农业用地碳吸收计算方法研究韩国绿茶产业的碳足迹

Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.21926/aeer.2204047

Noh-Hyun Lim, Yongjin Lee, Jieon Lee, Jong-Sung Kim

{"title":"Carbon Footprint Study of Korean Green Tea Industry Using the Methods of the Life Cycle Assessment and Calculating Carbon Absorption in Agricultural Land","authors":"Noh-Hyun Lim, Yongjin Lee, Jieon Lee, Jong-Sung Kim","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204047","url":null,"abstract":"Due to recent global warming and climate change events, about 127 countries have declared themselves carbon neutral since the Paris Agreement was signed. Furthermore, agriculture is directly or indirectly affected by climate change. In particular, the importance of carbon neutrality is very high due to the high carbon absorption potential of forestry biomass. In the global beverage market, green tea is the second most consumed beverage after water, and the potential of tea tree biomass to absorb carbon during cultivation is quite high. Accordingly, major tea-producing countries such as China, Taiwan, India, and Sri Lanka are conducting life cycle assessment studies of tea which can be used to reference carbon neutrality in agriculture. In this study, net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the entire life cycle of the Korean green tea industry were calculated by considering the changes in biomass carbon accumulation in green tea plantations according to the life cycle evaluation method and IPCC’s Gain-loss method. The net GHG emission of green tea in Korea varies widely, with biomass carbon absorption as high as 59% and as low as 3% per year due to agricultural land maintenance, which significantly impacts the net GHG emission result. In other words, it is important to maintain the cultivation area for carbon neutrality in the future because the changes in the green tea cultivation area have a significant effect on biomass carbon stock, affecting the whole net GHG emission process.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123014835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Human Interference with the Earth Has Abolished the Next Ice Age but Overdosing with Carbon Dioxide Emissions Could Have Catastrophic Consequences 人类对地球的干扰已经消除了下一个冰河时代，但过量的二氧化碳排放可能会带来灾难性的后果

Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.21926/aeer.2204046

A. Heesterman

引用次数: 0

Vulnerability and Resilience: An Attempt to Theorize 脆弱性和恢复力:理论化的尝试

Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.21926/aeer.2204045

Fiona Bénard

引用次数: 0

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Pyrolysis of Waste Polystyrene over Natural Clay 废聚苯乙烯在天然粘土上热解的动力学和热力学

Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.21926/aeer.2204044

Ghulam Ali, J. Nisar

{"title":"Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Pyrolysis of Waste Polystyrene over Natural Clay","authors":"Ghulam Ali, J. Nisar","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204044","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the massive increase in polymer manufacture, there has been a remarkable increase in plastic waste. With fewer landfills being used to dump plastic waste each year, it is becoming increasingly important to use effective recycling methods for plastic waste decomposition. In the present work, waste polystyrene was degraded in the presence of natural clay (K0.02, Ca0.15 [Mg0.25, Al0.69, Fe0.06], [Si2.0, Al0.6] O6.8 (O10) nH2O). The waste polymer was pyrolyzed at different heating rates i.e., 5, 10, 15 and 20°C min-1 in an inert environment using nitrogen within the temperature range of 40 to 600°C. Thermogravimetric data were interpreted using various models, including fitting kinetic methods i.e., Coats-Redfern and model-free methods i.e., Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Friedman method. The activation energy determined by Coats-Redfern, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose and Friedman models were in the range of 83.22-150.37, 74.52-133.71, 73.16-131.23, and 78.40-140.67 kJmol-1, respectively. Among them, the lowest activation energy for polystyrene degradation was observed using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method. The calculated kinetic parameters would be useful in determining the reaction mechanism of the solid-state reactions in a real system.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125345515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Quantification of the Carbon Sequestration Potential of a 31-year-old Tree-based Intercropping System in Southern Ontario, Canada 加拿大南安大略省31年树龄间作系统固碳潜力的定量分析

Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.21926/aeer.2204043

N. Thevathasan, A. Gordon, A. Bazrgar, Moira M Ijzerman

{"title":"Quantification of the Carbon Sequestration Potential of a 31-year-old Tree-based Intercropping System in Southern Ontario, Canada","authors":"N. Thevathasan, A. Gordon, A. Bazrgar, Moira M Ijzerman","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204043","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon (C) storage potential was quantified for four tree species which are commonly incorporated into tree-based intercropping (TBI) systems and compared with conventional agricultural systems in southern Ontario, Canada. In the 31-year-old TBI system at the University of Guelph’s Agroforestry Research Station, Norway spruce (Picea abies), white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), black walnut (Juglans nigra) and red oak (Quercus rubra) were planted in tree rows, intercropped with soybean (Glycine max). In the conventional agricultural field, soybean was grown in a monocropping system. Above and belowground tree and crop C content, soil organic C (SOC) and system level C was quantified for each tree species as well as the conventional agricultural system. Red oak TBI systems had the highest SOC followed by black walnut, Norway spruce and white cedar with values of 93.2, 83.9, 78.1, and 72.2 t C ha-1, respectively. Red oak TBI systems also had the highest mean tree C content, followed by black walnut, Norway spruce and white cedar, with values of 299.7, 285.8, 255.4 and 70.1 kg C tree-1, respectively. Total system level C, which incorporated SOC, tree C content and tree planting densities was 134.8, 126.4, 115.7, 95.6 and 75.6 t C ha-1 respectively for spruce, oak, walnut and cedar TBI systems and the agricultural field. TBI systems provide higher C sequestration potentials than conventional agricultural fields, and Norway spruce and red oak should be included into TBI systems in southern Ontario to maximize C sequestration benefits.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129297866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Some Aspects of Marine Meteorology and Air-Sea-Wetland-River Interactions During Hurricane Ida (2021) 飓风Ida(2021)期间海洋气象和空气-海洋-湿地-河流相互作用的一些方面

Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research Pub Date : 2022-10-21 DOI: 10.21926/aeer.2204042

S. Hsu

{"title":"Some Aspects of Marine Meteorology and Air-Sea-Wetland-River Interactions During Hurricane Ida (2021)","authors":"S. Hsu","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204042","url":null,"abstract":"In August 2021 Hurricane Ida devastated southeast Louisiana. On the basis of numerous pertinent meteorological-oceanographic (met-ocean) information including datasets and graphics as supplied by various public agencies, several unique topics related to marine meteorology and air-sea-land interactions are investigated. It is found that a newly proposed revised relation between minimum sea-level pressure and maximum sustained wind speed is verified during Ida. Characteristics of the rapid intensification, defined as an increase in the sustained winds of a tropical cyclone (TC) of at least 30 knots in a 24-hour period, is presented. Severe wave steepness (≥1/20) was measured continuously for approximately 3 hours when the wind speed ranged between 35 to 45 m s-1 at 38 m and the wave direction was from the east. Estimations for the wind stress on the wind-seas and a coastal wetland are presented. Finally, hydro-meteorological phenomena related to the Mississippi River flow reversal and the storm surges along the river levees are also revealed. For operational use, estimation methods and forecast formulas related to above topics are also provided.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121611296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of COVID-19 on Chile's Energy Transition Policies and Goals 2019冠状病毒病对智利能源转型政策和目标的影响

Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.21926/aeer.2204041

C. Vásquez, M. Gómez-Caicedo, Mercedes Gaitán-Ángulo, Luís Manuel-Navas, Rodrigo Ramírez-Pisco, R. Acevedo, José Nieto

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on Chile's Energy Transition Policies and Goals","authors":"C. Vásquez, M. Gómez-Caicedo, Mercedes Gaitán-Ángulo, Luís Manuel-Navas, Rodrigo Ramírez-Pisco, R. Acevedo, José Nieto","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204041","url":null,"abstract":"Because of climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have increased, leading to the implementation of energy transition policies. Countries have adopted the Paris Agreement to curb the effects of climate change. The emergence of COVID-19 in 2020 led to the application of different measures to stop its transmission. This study evaluated the effects of COVID-19-related restrictions (such as quarantine and mobility restriction) in Chile during the first wave on compliance with the country's energy transition policies and the goals toward a decarbonized energy matrix by 2050. For this, the main GHG contributors were evaluated. According to updated Chile's fourth biennial climate change report, the main GHG contributor is the energy sector (during the generation and transportation of electricity). In addition, the country’s economic growth during the same period was evaluated by analyzing the quarterly GDP data presented by the Central Bank of Chile. The results indicated a decrease in GHG emissions compared with the same period of the previous 2 years. Because the energy sector contributes 77% of emissions, the fulfillment of the established goals is possible by targeting this sector. However, the COVID-19-related restrictions slowed down the country's economy, as indicated by the significant decreases in quarterly GDP during the study period.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"263 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123994784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biogeochemical Engineering: Technologies for Managing Environmental Risks 生物地球化学工程:环境风险管理技术

Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.21926/aeer.2204040

V. Bashkin

{"title":"Biogeochemical Engineering: Technologies for Managing Environmental Risks","authors":"V. Bashkin","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204040","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims at one of the most important economic and environmental problems - the elimination of the consequences in case of emergency spills while cleaning petroleum products. The objectives of the study include the development and production of new biological products and biosorbents based on carbon-oxidizing microorganisms, testing the developed technologies for environmental risk management to eliminate the consequences of emergency petroleum product spills, creating an algorithm for conducting preliminary studies in vitro for their subsequent use in situ. A biological product and a biosorbent were developed to clean soils and water from hydrocarbon pollution were developed based on the developed consortiums of strains of carbon-oxidizing microorganisms. Biogeochemical technologies for producing and applying new biological products and biosorbents have been developed. The natural biogeochemical structure of the ecosystems is restored, and this is revealed by studying the species composition of the microbiocenosis or by analyzing the enzymatic activity of the microorganisms in soil or water. Finally, the effectiveness of the risk management method based on biogeochemical and, in particular, microbial engineering methods under conditions of oil pollution has been proven.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"162 5-6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120909578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Role of Agriculture in the Australian Government’s Emission Reduction Fund 农业在澳大利亚政府减排基金中的作用

Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.21926/aeer.2204039

R. White

{"title":"The Role of Agriculture in the Australian Government’s Emission Reduction Fund","authors":"R. White","doi":"10.21926/aeer.2204039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2204039","url":null,"abstract":"Australia’s greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in 2022 were 67.8 million (M) tonnes (t) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e), amounting to 12.9% of total emissions. Erupted methane (CH4) from ruminant animals comprised 42% of agricultural emissions. By 2030, the Australian Government aims to reduce total emissions by 43% from the 2005 level. The primary policy instrument for achieving this reduction is the Emissions Reduction Fund (ERF) in which there are two main pathways for agriculture – emission avoidance through suppression of CH4 emissions and soil carbon sequestration (SCS) through approved projects. Although agriculture since 2014 has promised 15.2 Mt of abatement, by April 2022 it has delivered only 1.1 Mt. Examples are given of potential abatement by SCS for pasture and cropping land in different rainfall zones. Methods of suppressing CH4 emissions have yet to be scaled up commercially and proven for grazing animals. The main constraints on SCS are the unreliability of Australian rainfall, the high cost of project management relative to the value of a C credit, and the opportunity cost of maintaining an approved land management for at least 25 years.","PeriodicalId":198785,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126020805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1