Philosophical Magazine Letters最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Cu content on hot-crack resistance of Al-Cu-Mg alloys produced by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"F. Belelli, R. Casati, M. Vedani","doi":"10.1080/09500839.2021.2024616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2021.2024616","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The lack of high-strength Al alloys that can be processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) without formation of cracks is considered as one of the main issues for a wider diffusion of this technology in many fields. In this study, the effect of Cu content on the hot-crack resistance of Al-Cu-Mg alloys produced by LPBF was investigated. Powder batches with different compositions were produced by mixing pre-alloyed gas-atomised 2024 alloy powder with increasing amounts (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 wt.%) of Cu particles and then processed by LPBF. Thermodynamic simulation and microstructure investigations showed that the addition of Cu promotes the formation of abundant eutectic phase mixture, refines the grain structure and reduces the solidification temperature range, thus decreasing the solidification cracking susceptibility of the material. Samples produced with more than 10 wt.% of Cu featured relative density higher than 99.5% and no solidification cracks.","PeriodicalId":19860,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":"111 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44282091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal precipitation behaviour of α″-martensite from α-phase under tension–torsion deformation","authors":"Siqian Zhang, Liangzi Huo, Lijia Chen","doi":"10.1080/09500839.2021.2023773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2021.2023773","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The tension–torsion properties and deformation microstructure of near β titanium alloy after various heat treatment have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The samples after aging treatment at 500°C for 8 h possesses obviously higher strength than those samples undergoing other different treatment on account of thin α” plates distributing uniformly in the β grains. Interestingly, precipitation of α″-martensite in α plates were observed for the first time under tension–torsion deformation. The abnormal precipitation behaviour was attributed mainly to the large tensile-shear stress.","PeriodicalId":19860,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":"93 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41648210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 infected patients' experiences in Syria, and the role of the pharmacists during their infection.","authors":"Razan I Nassar, Samar Thiab, Kinda T Alkoudsi, Iman A Basheti","doi":"10.18549/PharmPract.2022.1.2617","DOIUrl":"10.18549/PharmPract.2022.1.2617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients infected with coronavirus have new experiences and hence new needs from the healthcare sector. Acknowledging patients' experiences can exhibit promising outcomes in coronavirus management. Pharmacists are considered a vital pillar in managing patients' experiences during their infection.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the experience of individuals who have been infected with coronavirus and the roles played by pharmacists to meet their new needs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional survey was developed based on previous literature, validated, and conducted in Syria. The survey included items related to participants' COVID-19 experiences, and items concerning the roles played by pharmacists when participants were infected. Items were tested for face validity. Data collection was conducted in May and June 2021. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study participants (n=576) had a mean age of 37.99 years. Fatigue was the most reported symptom by the participants. Vitamin C was the most used supplement (76.4%), and 66.5% of the participants used herbs during their infection. More than 60.0% of the participants stated that their anxiety and stress levels increased during their infection. Around 40.0% of the participants needed to visit a specialist doctor. Only 5.4% needed to use an artificial respiration apparatus. The mean of the participants' infection severity was 4.97 (SD=2.30) out of 10. The severity of the infection was significantly affected by being older, female, smoking, and having a chronic condition. Doctors followed by pharmacists were the healthcare providers who advised participants to take certain medications/herbs. More than one-third of the participants strongly agreed/agreed that the pharmacist played important and effective roles during their infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients' experiences indicated that fatigue was the most reported symptom by the participants diagnosed with coronavirus infection, while vitamin C was the most used supplement. Pharmacists have a major role in helping participants manage their infection and are considered a vital pillar in patients' experiences since they provided patients with the needed medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19860,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine Letters","volume":"95 1","pages":"2617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9014905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81613770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alignment and strengthening effect of β ′ precipitates in Mg-Gd-Y-Zr during ageing process studied by HAADF-STEM and GPA","authors":"C. Zhu, J. Zheng, Xiaoqin Zeng, Bin Chen","doi":"10.1080/09500839.2021.2017048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2021.2017048","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the present study, the structural evolution of the precipitates in Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy is investigated by means of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The linearly aligned morphology of phases connected by bridging phase in one of the three equivalent crystal directions of is formed from defect-free randomly distributed phases. Considering the significant strengthening effect of precipitates, a novel perspective of investigating the induced strain field measured by geometric phase analysis (GPA) is conducted. The reducing value of the strain field accounts for a slight decrease in hardness after peak-ageing. Merging and rearrangement of precipitates are found to release the strain field.","PeriodicalId":19860,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":"71 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48088031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation caused by self-multiplication of damage induced by an interplay between hydrogen and the martensite transformation in a Ni–Ti superelastic alloy","authors":"N. Yamaguchi, K. Yokoyama","doi":"10.1080/09500839.2021.2015080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2021.2015080","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The role of damage in the degradation of tensile properties related to a stress-induced martensite transformation in a hydrogen-charged Ni–Ti superelastic alloy has been investigated. By damage, we mean vacancy clusters and dislocation structures induced in advance by a dynamic interplay between hydrogen and the martensite transformation. To homogenise the hydrogen concentration, the specimen was aged at room temperature after charging with a small amount of hydrogen (approximately 30 mass ppm). In this case, no fracture occurs within 2000 cycles during a cyclic tensile deformation test in the stress plateau region generated by stress-induced martensite and reverse transformations. With this hydrogen concentration, cyclic interplay between hydrogen and the martensite transformation scarcely leads to the degradation of tensile properties. Nevertheless, following cyclic martensite transformations before aging that induces pre-damage, fracture occurs after around 1000 cycles under a cyclic tensile deformation test despite the hydrogen concentration being the same. The present results clearly indicate that pre-damage induced by hydrogen affects the subsequent transformations, thereby causing the self-multiplication of damage, which degrades the tensile properties.","PeriodicalId":19860,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":"60 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46144405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An angular dislocation in an anisotropic medium","authors":"R. Bonnet, S. Neily","doi":"10.1080/09500839.2021.2005266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2021.2005266","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The elastic field of an angular dislocation determined by Yoffe ([The angular dislocation. Phil. Mag. 5(50) (1960), pp. 161–175]) using isotropic elasticity is a convenient tool for modelling defects in very different materials such as crystalline media or the Earth’s crust deformed by internal shifts. We show that the anisotropy of the medium can be introduced in two ways to solve the same problem, one using an integral formalism and the other the Green’s tensor attached to a homogeneous medium. β’ CuZn brass, which has a strong elastic anisotropy, is treated with the two methods, and the results are compared.","PeriodicalId":19860,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":"121 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49232799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomechanical properties of a nickel-base single-crystal superalloy up to 700°C","authors":"B. Wei, Longfei Zhang, Lan Huang, K. Zhou, Zaiwang Huang","doi":"10.1080/09500839.2021.2004326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2021.2004326","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A strong temperature-dependent effect in the range from 25°C to 700°C in the nanomechanical behaviour has been found in a single-crystal nickel-base superalloy. The hardness of this alloy gradually increases from 25°C to 400°C and then rapidly decreases, in contrast to the peak tensile yield strength which occurs at around 700°C. The nanomechanical response is strongly dependent on the indentation load over a wide range of temperature, which is rationalised by its unique γ/γ’ dual-phase microstructure. The experimental measurements show that the hardness is position-sensitive owing to its unique solidified dendrite microstructure when the indentation marks span 640 μm.","PeriodicalId":19860,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":"53 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45387546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criteria for laves-phase formation in refractory high-entropy alloys","authors":"H. Yao, Dongxu Qiao, Junwei Miao, Jun Wang, E. Guo, Yiping Lu","doi":"10.1080/09500839.2021.1998692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2021.1998692","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) have been the subject of considerable research in recent years. Since the Laves phase usually leads to a dramatic decrease in the malleability of RHEAs at ambient temperatures, it is critical to identifying the Laves-phase formation. Here, a facile and effective criterion is proposed to predict the phase stability based on the empirical parameters of reported RHEAs. The results indicate that the small atomic size difference is a sufficient condition for determining the stability of solid solution but not a necessary one. In general, the Laves-phase precipitates can be inhibited by decreasing the atomic-size difference, the enthalpy of mixing, and the valence electron concentration. These criteria can be easily adapted to design new RHEAs with the desired phase structure.","PeriodicalId":19860,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":"161 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45703957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between bulk and precipitate composition in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys","authors":"Y. Zou, Xiaodong Wu, Songbai Tang, Qianqian Zhu, Hui Song, M. Guo, Ling-fei Cao","doi":"10.1080/09500839.2021.1998690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2021.1998690","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The composition of precipitates in peak-aged Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with various Zn/Mg ratios has been investigated by atom probe tomography (APT). The results show that the η′ and the T′ phases have different compositions with a similar Zn/Mg ratio in the same alloy. The Zn/Mg ratio within precipitates was shown to be positively correlated with the Zn/Mg ratio in the alloy. Moreover, the size dependency of composition for ageing precipitates in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys has been determined. This study enriches the understanding of precipitate composition relative to that of the bulk in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys.","PeriodicalId":19860,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine Letters","volume":"102 1","pages":"41 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43855848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and study of cerium lanthanum zirconate fibres","authors":"Jianing Wang, Chaohui Wang, Qingke Li, Guang‐Ming Li, Chunqi Wang, You Wang, Meiling Dong","doi":"10.1080/09500839.2021.1984603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09500839.2021.1984603","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT LZ7C3 fibres with nanostructures have been synthesised by the sol–gel method combined with electrostatic spinning technology and a high-temperature-resistant LZ7C3 ceramic material prepared by high-temperature calcination. The formation process of the ceramic fibre was studied and its properties characterized by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The microstructure of the fibre was analysed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the properties of the fibre were determined. The results showed that many conditions, such as calcination temperature and silica-sol content, have a pivotal influence on the crystal phase composition and morphology. By comparing the effects of these conditions, ceramic materials with exceptional properties have been prepared.","PeriodicalId":19860,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Magazine Letters","volume":"101 1","pages":"484 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46563478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}