发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Removal of of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Pentaclethra Macrophylla Stem Activated Carbon 大叶五草茎活性炭去除水中Pb(II)、Cd(II)、Cu(II)和Ni(II)离子
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.21
N. Ekere, A. B. Agwogie, J. Ihedioha
{"title":"Removal of of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Pentaclethra Macrophylla Stem Activated Carbon","authors":"N. Ekere, A. B. Agwogie, J. Ihedioha","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.21","url":null,"abstract":"Pentaclethra Macrophylla stem activated carbon (PMSAC) was utilized as biomass derived adsorbent for adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution. The activation was chemically carried out using ZnCl 2 solution. The Physicochemical analysis of PMSAC showed high fixed carbon and pore volume values. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray were used to characterize the PMSAC. Simultaneous batch adsorptions used to evaluate the optimal operational conditions for the adsorption showed initial metal ions concentration (5 mg/L), solution pH (6), contact time (90 min), adsorbent dose (3.0 g for Cd(II) and 4.0 g for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II), particle size (30 µm) and carbonization temperature (400 o C). The Langmuir isotherm model gave better fit for the adsorption process. Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm indicates physical adsorption. The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters were studied.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41307487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Treatment of Municipal Wastewater Through Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland 水平流人工湿地处理城市污水
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.15
G. A. Kandhro, Karachi Duet
{"title":"Treatment of Municipal Wastewater Through Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland","authors":"G. A. Kandhro, Karachi Duet","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.15","url":null,"abstract":"Highly contaminated municipal wastewater is being disposed of into land and rivers without any prior treatment has severe side effects on human and marine animals. This research focused on the treatment of Majeed Keerio village municipal wastewater through horizontal flow constructed wetland system. The experimental study was evaluated and monitored timely over a year. The overall treatment efficiency performance of the wetland system was determined by considering organic pollutants removal efficiency. This study emphasized on the design of horizontal flow constructed wetland for the effective treatment of municipal wastewater of village Majeed Keerio, Sakrand, Sindh. The constructed wetland efficiently reduced COD, BOD5, TSS, turbidity, total phosphate, total nitrogen pollutants of wastewater, which was about 92.3%, 93%, 96%, 96.4% and 74%, respectively. This method reduced all thermotolerant coliforms. Constructed wetland system was found most economical and effective for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The effect of different hydraulic loading rates under varying hydraulic retention times within the constructed wetland was examined. The higher hydraulic retention times resulted in improved pollutants removal efficiency.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41513349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Anion Exchange Sorption of Chromate from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon 活性炭负离子交换吸附铬酸盐的研究
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.18
Q. Sultana
{"title":"Anion Exchange Sorption of Chromate from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon","authors":"Q. Sultana","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.18","url":null,"abstract":"Water decontamination from chromium (Cr) is of prime importance because of its carcinogenic nature. The sample of activated carbon was characterized by surface area analyzer, SEM/EDX, TGA,  FTIR and PZC. This study was focused on adsorption of hexavalent chromium from the aqueous phase onto activated carbon. Both the temperature and pH had a positive effect on the chromate uptake by activated carbon. The chromate uptake at different pH values followed the trend:  pH 2 > pH 3 > pH 5 > pH 7 > pH 8. The sorption maxima at pH 2 was explained on the basis of electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged chromate anions and positively charged surface of the activated carbon.  Different models were tested to access the sorption maxima and to probe into the chromate adsorption mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that heat is needed to shift the hexavalent chromium from solution to the solid surface. It was concluded that the anion exchange sorption was involved in removing the chromate anion from the aqueous system into the surface of activated carbon.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45920223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of Water Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of River Ravi in Pakistan 巴基斯坦拉维河水质和重金属污染评价
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.19
J. Shafi, Z. Mirza, N. Kosour, M. Zafarullah
{"title":"Assessment of Water Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of River Ravi in Pakistan","authors":"J. Shafi, Z. Mirza, N. Kosour, M. Zafarullah","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.19","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of untreated urban and industrial effluents on water quality of river Ravi. Water samples were collected from 11 polluted and relatively unpolluted sites at river Ravi during low flow season and analyzed for heavy metals content and physico-chemical parameters. Dissolved oxygen fell below the recommended limit for propagation of fish and other aquatic life as the river flows through Lahore up to Balloki Headworks. Manganese and lead contents were higher than permissible limits for aquatic ecosystems at several polluted sites of the river. Highest concentration of nickel, zinc, manganese, cadmium and lead detected in river water was 20.0 µg/L, 70.0 µg/L, 190.0 µg/L, 2.0 µg/L and 72.0 µg/L respectively. Findings revealed that river water at downstream sites of wastewater carrying drains was not suitable to support fish and other aquatic life due to its very low dissolved oxygen level.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42503512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Pharmacological Evaluation and Synthesis of New Sulfonamides Derivatives Based on 1,4-Benzodioxane 1,4-苯并二氧杂环类新型磺胺类衍生物的药理评价与合成
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.20
M. Irshad
{"title":"Pharmacological Evaluation and Synthesis of New Sulfonamides Derivatives Based on 1,4-Benzodioxane","authors":"M. Irshad","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.20","url":null,"abstract":"We report here the synthesis of a series of N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide and its N -substituted derivatives with benzyl chloride and ethyl iodide. Initially, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonyl chloride (1) was subjected to react with various aryl amines (2a-e) to afford parent compounds N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (3a-e). At second step, these parent compounds were reacted with benzyl chloride (4) and ethyl iodide (5) as to synthesize N -benzyl- N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (6a-e) and N -ethyl- N -aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzo[1,4]dioxine-6-sulfonamide (7a-e) in the presence of lithium hydride and N , Nꞌ -dimethylformamide respectively. FT-IR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H-NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) techniques were used to investigate the structures of these synthesized compounds. A fingerprinted study was conducted against some enzymes like butyrylcholin-esterase (BChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and lipoxygenase (LOX). This study revealed that most of them demonstrated a moderate activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) however promisingly a good activity against lipoxygenase enzyme was observed. Finally, an antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of these sulfonamides were probed which confirmed that the parent sulfonamides 3b have the proficient antimicrobial activities, while the derivatives 6a, 7a, 7b and 7c explored a good activity against the selected panel of bacterial and fungal species. All the compounds were further computationally docked against (LOX), (BChE) and (AChE) enzymes and these interaction highlighted the importance of sulfonamides in the inhibition of the target enzymes.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41250951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthesis of Cu Nanoparticles via Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seed Extract for Antibacterial Response Trigonella Foenum-Graecum种子提取物合成铜纳米颗粒的抗菌作用
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.13
T. Khan
{"title":"Synthesis of Cu Nanoparticles via Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seed Extract for Antibacterial Response","authors":"T. Khan","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.12.13","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the immense capability of plants this work is planned to employ seed extract as a source for the reduction of Cu ions in to Cu nanoparticles (Cu NPs). For this purpose seed extract of  Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek seeds) was utilized as a substitute of classical methods. This green path for synthesizing Cu NPS is easy, natural, low cost, sustainable and eco-friendly as compared to conventional methods. In this experiment harmful chemical/physical methods for the production of Cu nanoparticles is replaced by using minimum concentration of seed extract. The stepwise characterization was done by using Atomic Absorption spectroscopy, UV-Vis Spectroscopy, FTIR spectrophotometer and X-ray diffraction (XRD) which have given much valuable information about these materials. Antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles is observed at different concentration so their ZOI (Zone of inhibition) and MIC (minimum inhibitory Concentration) was also calculated against four human pathogenic strains.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44733504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Studies on the Adsorption of Pb (II) and Zn (II) as Binary Mixtures from Industrial Effluents 工业废水中铅(II)和锌(II)二元混合物的吸附研究
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.03
Jagjit Kour, Bindra Shrestha, K. N. Ghimire
{"title":"Studies on the Adsorption of Pb (II) and Zn (II) as Binary Mixtures from Industrial Effluents","authors":"Jagjit Kour, Bindra Shrestha, K. N. Ghimire","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.03","url":null,"abstract":"The present work focuses on the adsorptive removal of mixtures of heavy-metal ions present in industrial effluents, using modified bio-sorbent prepared from Desmostachya bipinnata (MDB). The prepared biosorbent was characterized by SEM, DRFTIR, Elemental analyzer, XRD, Boem titration and point of zero charge, showing modificatios on the surface of the biosorbent. The adsorption behavior of two different metals, Pb (II) and Zn (II), indicated regular patterns of adsorption. Their adsorption behavior as binary mixtures was evaluated, which showed the interference of one metal ions with another, thereby reducing the adsorption capacities of both metal ions. Even though there is interference between two different metal ions, the modified biosorbent proved quite efficient in removing complex mixtures of heavy metal ions from industrial effulents","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41489581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Capillary Gas Chromatographic Determination of Gamma Aminobutyric acid and Putrescine in Cerebrospinal Fluid using Trifluoroacetylacetone as Derivatizing Reagent 三氟乙酰丙酮衍生试剂毛细管气相色谱法测定脑脊液中γ-氨基丁酸和Putrescine
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.02
L. A. Zardari, M. A. Kamboh, Hamid Rashidi Nodeh, A. Laghari, M. Y. Khuhawar, S. Khokhar
{"title":"Capillary Gas Chromatographic Determination of Gamma Aminobutyric acid and Putrescine in Cerebrospinal Fluid using Trifluoroacetylacetone as Derivatizing Reagent","authors":"L. A. Zardari, M. A. Kamboh, Hamid Rashidi Nodeh, A. Laghari, M. Y. Khuhawar, S. Khokhar","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"determination of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and putrescine (Put) using trifluoroacetylacetone (FAA) as derivatizing reagent from Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) samples prior to their gas chromatographic- flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis. GABA, Put, cadaverine (Cad) and tyramine (TY) as imitative of FAA extracted from the column HP-5 (30 m x 0.32 mm i.d) at temperature 110 oC for 1 min, tracked by heating rate 25 oC to 260 oC /min. The detection was carried out by FID with segregate ratio 10:1, v/v with whole run time 10 min. The proposed method showed linear calibration range between 2.5-50 µg/mL with low limit of detection 1.0 - 2.5 µg/mL analogous to 0.1 ng to 0.25 ng for selected Put, Cad, GABA, and TY. The method based on the pre-concentration was used for the determination of GABA and Put from CSF of human being and amounts found were 0.25- 0.56 µg/mL and 0.16 - 0.41 µg/mL with relative standard deviation (RSD) within 0.8 - 1.1 and 1.1 - 1.5 %, respectively. Many of aminoacids tested, separated completelyand did not variate the determinations of GABA and Put.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42870786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biosorptive Decontamination of Acid Red-87 Dye from Wastewater byCitrus limonum Peels:Ecofriendly Approach 柑橘柠檬皮生物吸附净化废水中酸性红-87染料的研究
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.04
S. Latif, R. Rehman, M. Imran, S. Iqbal
{"title":"Biosorptive Decontamination of Acid Red-87 Dye from Wastewater byCitrus limonum Peels:Ecofriendly Approach","authors":"S. Latif, R. Rehman, M. Imran, S. Iqbal","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.04","url":null,"abstract":"Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate efficiency of lemon peels (Citrus limonum) for adsorption of Acid Red-87 dye from aqueous media. The effects of various parameters, i.e. particle size, pH, sorbent dose, sorbate concentration, temperature, contact time and agitation speed on biosorption efficiency were optimized. Isotherm models: Langmuir and Freundlich were employed to understand the mechanism of adsorption. The monolayer adsorption capacity calculated by Langmuir isotherm was found to be 0.6240 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies revealed exothermic and spontaneous nature of sorption process, while kinetics guided pseudosecond order behaviour. All these factors indicated that Citrus limonum peels are potential adsorbent for the removal of Acid Red-87.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42621343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies of Cobalt (II) Adsorption onto Alumina 氧化铝吸附钴(II)的动力学和热力学研究
IF 0.6
Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-06-27 DOI: 10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.05
U. Zafar, Muhammad Arif Bhatti, A. Akram
{"title":"Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies of Cobalt (II) Adsorption onto Alumina","authors":"U. Zafar, Muhammad Arif Bhatti, A. Akram","doi":"10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21743/PJAEC/2018.06.05","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption for alumina-cobalt (II) ions solution system was investigated as a function of adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature, pH of solution and initial concentration of adsorbate. The optimum conditions for removal of cobalt (II) ions were found as pH 7.5-8.5, adsorbent dose of solution 20 gl-1, equilibrium time 90 minutes and initial concentration range 5-50 mgl-1. Pseudo-second-order kinetics was observed for adsorption of cobalt while cobalt removal process does not seem to control the intra-particle diffusion. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubnin- Radushkevich isotherm models were applied to analyze the equilibrium isotherms for adsorption of cobalt (II) ions onto alumina. The experimental results indicated that equilibrium data follows the Langmuir model within used concentration range.","PeriodicalId":19846,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47536877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：481959085
Book学术官方微信