Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Causes and Characteristics of Traumatic Tympanic Membrane Perforation in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Muhammad Toseef Ijaz, Tarique Ali Shaikh, Aisha Shafiq, Muhammad Ali Khurram Shahzad, Sajid Ali, Khalid Saeed","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176358","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to human violence, perforation of the tympanic membrane is a frequent occurrence all over the world. The abrupt increase in air pressure in the external auditory canal is the pathophysiology of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation. Objective: To assess the causes and characteristics of traumatic Tympanic Membrane perforation in a tertiary care hospital Methodology: The current study was cross sectional study, conducted at the ENT Department of Sahara Medical College Narowal from January 2022 to July 2022. All the patients were examined by a sing ENT specialist and data was recorded on a pre-designed performa. All the analysis of data was done by IBM SPSS version 23. Results: In the current study, totally 80 patients were enrolled. There were 50 (62.5%) male patients while female patients were 30 (37.5%). The mean age in our study was 28 (4.29) years. The most common type of tympanic membrane perforation was slap in 56 (70%) patients followed by blast injury in 8 (10%) patients. On left side of ear, perforation of the Tympanic membrane was observed in 39 (48.75%) patients. Based on number of perforation, single perforation was observed in 72 (90%) patients while multiple perforations were observed in 8 (10%) patients. Conductive hearing loss was observed in 62 (77.5%) patients and Mild Hearing Loss was observed in 44 (55%) patients. Conclusion: Young males, particularly those between the ages of 18 and 30, often have traumatic tympanic membrane perforation. The most frequent cause of traumatic perforation was slap, which affects the left ear more frequently than the right ear. The most common type of hearing loss was conductive, and mild. Keywords: Causes; characteristics; Tympanic Membrane perforation","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic Vs. Microscopic Discectomy for Single Level Lumber Prolaps Disc Patients","authors":"Zia-Ur- Rehman, Muhammad Ibrahim","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176393","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: An endoscopic discectomy and a microdiscectomy for lumbar spine disc disease were compared in a randomized controlled trial. Material and Methods: This randomized controlled experiment study conducted at the tertiary care hospital of KPK from Jan 2021 to Jan 2022. The study comprised 40 patients suffering from low back discomfort that travels down their legs and who have prolapsed intervertebral discs at the L5-S1 and L4-L5 levels, as shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They varied in age from 12 to 64. Endoscopic/microscopic discectomy with fluoroscopic guidance was conducted while the patient was laying on his or her back under a general anesthetic. All patients were monitored who spending two hours in the recovery room after surgery before being transferred to the ward. All patients were clinically followed up for a year using the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Results: There were 22(55%) male patients and 18(45%) female patients, ranging in age from 12 to 64. On average, the patients were 52.5 years old. Thirteen (32.5%) and 27(67.5%) patients had prolapsed discs at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. Patients in the endoscopic and microscopic discectomy groups both improved significantly in their analog visual ratings after surgery. Despite this, A less amount of postoperative pain medication was needed, a shorter length of stay in the hospital, and quicker mobility for the endoscopic discectomy group compared to the microscopic group. Conclusion: Both endoscopic and microdiscectomy are safe and equally effective procedures. Each of them is capable of relieving. Nonetheless, early mobility and decreased postoperative discomfort were advantages of the endoscopic discectomy. Keywords: Endoscopic Discectomy, Microscopic Discectomy, Lumbar Prolapse Disc, spinal surgery, Minimally invasive surgery","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Depressed Skull Fractures","authors":"M. Khan, Adnan Munir","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176396","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Trauma is a significant issue in both industrialized and developing nations. A significant risk factor for death in the young population is head injury Objective: To assess the outcomes of surgical treatment of depressed skull fractures Methodology: The current study was prospective study was done at Neurosurgery department of Khyber teaching Hospital Peshawar. The study duration was one years from March 2022 to March 2023. Causes of the depressed skull fracture, time since the injury, the kind of fracture, the location of the fracture, the reason for the fracture, the clinical state, and the CT scan results were noted. All patients had CT scans. DSF greater than 5 mm, disfiguring cosmetic fractures, and sinus fractures were surgically treated. The whole set of data was examined using SPSS 23.00. Results: In our study, totally 80 patients were enrolled. The male patients in our study were 58 (72.5%) whereas female patients were 22 (27.5%). In the outcomes based on GCS, completely recovered patients were 58 (72.5%) patients, 11 (13.75%) were moderately disabled, 8(10%) severely disabled whereas 2(2.5%) patients were demised. Conclusion: Trauma from depressed fractures is common in neurosurgical wards. One of the most important variables influencing outcome prediction is the neurologic state as indicated by the Glasgow coma scale. About two-thirds of patients who undergo surgical therapy of depressed skull fractures get successful results while one- third of patients are still classified as having severe disabilities. Complications, including death, are common after a depressed skull fracture. Keywords: Outcome; surgical treatment: depressed skull fractures","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) in Patients Presenting with Hypothyroidism","authors":"Naveeda Atif, Javaria Imran, Erum Ilyas, Saira Jamsheed, Zakia Shakeel, Adnan Anwar","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176342","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Preeclampsia is a potentially fatal condition during pregnancy and following delivery. Numerous organs' functions can be influenced by preeclampsia. It is crucial, as this illness may be linked to abnormalities in thyroid function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the frequency of thyroid dysfunction and its association with hypertension in pregnant women. Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted at Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit-I, Civil Hospital, Karachi, using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. The duration of the study was about six months from October 2022 till March 2023. A total of 80 pregnant women who were between the ages of 18 and 40, had gestational ages between 20 and 40 weeks, and had laboratory results that suggested hypothyroidism were included in this study. A chi-square test was applied to evaluate the association between maternal age, parity, gestational age, serum levels of TSH and T4 and pregnancy induced hypertension. Results: The study findings showed that most of the women 33(41.25%) were between 26 to 35 years of age. The mean age of the pregnant women was 29.43±4.64 years. The mean parity was 1.74±0.83 and the mean gestational age was 30.33±5.22 weeks, and the mean duration of hypothyroidism was 4.27±2.06 years. Concerning thyroid parameters, the mean T4 was 5.79±1.21 pmol/L, and the mean TSH was 6.28±2.03 mIU/L. Additionally, there was an insignificant association observed between pregnancy induced hypertension and maternal age, gestational age, parity, and thyroid hormone parameters. Conclusion: This study concluded that alterations in the thyroid function of pregnant women led to pregnancy induced hypertension. Only 25% of hypothyroid pregnant women had gestational hypertension. Furthermore, age, parity, gestational age, and thyroid parameters of pregnant women were insignificantly associated with pregnancy induced hypertension. Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension, hypothyroidism, gestational age.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post OP Analgesic Effect of Transabdominal Block in Patients Undergoing Elective Ceaserian Section","authors":"Ayesha Saleem, Abdullah Saleem, Waqas Anjum, Yasmeen Azeem, Salma Sadia, Khushboo Chandio","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176361","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of postoperative pain, especially following abdominal surgeries, remains a pivotal challenge in clinical practice. The utilization of a transabdominal plane (TAP) block has recently emerged as a promising technique in achieving effective postoperative pain control. This study aimed to rigorously evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the TAP block in comparison with a control group not receiving the block, employing standardized Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and additional postoperative analgesic requirements as the primary outcome measures. Methods: A total of 50 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to two groups: TAP block (n=25) and control (n=25). The TAP group received a specific dose of bupivacaine, while the control group received n/saline. Pain intensity was quantitatively assessed using VAS scores at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. The requirement for additional postoperative analgesics was also recorded and compared between groups. Results: The TAP block group demonstrated consistently and significantly lower VAS scores across all time intervals measured, with mean differences ranging from 1.7 to 2.7 (p<0.001). Additionally, the TAP block group required additional analgesics in only 20% of cases (95% CI: 7-33%), as opposed to 68% in the control group (95% CI: 49-87%), signifying a significant reduction of 48 percentage points (p<0.01, 95% CI of the difference: 28-68%). Conclusion: The research presented here illustrates the heightened effectiveness of the TAP block in managing pain compared to traditional methods for patients having abdominal surgery. The noteworthy decrease in VAS scores, along with the reduced requirement for extra post-surgery pain relief, highlights the TAP block's potential as an efficient method for controlling pain. Continued investigation is recommended to determine the best techniques and identify the specific patient groups that might gain the most from this innovative method, aiming to improve both comfort and recovery following surgery. Keywords: Elective C-section, VAS score, Abdominal surgery, Effectiveness","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Association between Blood Transfusion and Hepatitis C infection During Pregnancy","authors":"A. Naz, Yasmeen Rasheed Bhutto, Kiran Memon, A. Bhutto, Rukhsana Saboor, Durgha Devi, Aamir Ramzan, Kiran Aamir","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176372","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Aim was determine the association between blood transfusion and hepatitis C infection during pregnancy. Study Design: Descriptive study Place and Duration: Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences Nawabshah. Feb 2021-Jan 2022 Methods: Total 171 pregnant women of age 18-40 years were presented in this study. The patient's age, parity, and other risk factors such as previous operations, vaginal births, and transfusions were recorded, and a thorough physical examination was conducted. Anti HCV positivity on Immunochromatography Test (ICT) was confirmed by Elisa in patients undergoing normal prenatal evaluation. The data collection process followed a carefully crafted proforma. To examine the information, we used SPSS 22.0. Results: Among 171 patients, 82 (47.95%) females had age 18-25 years, 57 (33.3%) patients had age 26-35 years and 32 (18.7%) females had age 36-40 years. 75 (43.6%) cases had BMI >25kg/m2. 49 (28.7%) cases were primigravida and rest 120 (71.3%) cases were multi-gravida. We found 15 (8.8%) cases of HCV positive. Among 15 cases, 8 cases had history of blood transfusion, 3 had history of surgery, 2 cases because of injections and 2 cases had jaundice. Among 15 positive cases, majority of the cases had age 26-35 years. Conclusion: We found in this that blood transfusion is a significantly risk factor for HCV among pregnant females. There is need to educated pregnant females at institution to avoid its prevalence during pregnancy. Keywords: Pregnant Females, Blood transfusion, HCV, Parity","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Practices of Dialysis Unit Staff Regarding the Care and Management of Vascular Access Infections","authors":"Akhtar Hussain, Sardar Ali, Ihsan Ullah, R. Hussain, Amir Sultan, Ejaz Hassan Khan","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176388","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vascular access infections among dialysis patients are becoming the major concerns that contribute to a significant morbidity and mortality across the globe. Proper management and care must be planned according to the standard protocols for the prevention of these infections. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the knowledge and practices of dialysis staff regarding vascular access infection control in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on dialysis staff including nurses and technicians (n=58). All hemodialysis staff (Nurses and Technician) was included in the study who were regularly working in dialysis unit and had at least 6 months of dialysis unit experience. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire and checklist with its proper validation. Data was analyzed through SPSS Version-20 for its proper presentation. Results: The finding of the study showed that around 44.94% of the questions were corrected by the nurses and technician on the knowledge assessment questionnaire while looking into their practices 28.5% of the correct practices were followed by them. Additionally it was found that private sector hospital nurses and technician scored more than public sector hospitals in knowledge and practices. Practical implication: It is one of the main responsibilities of the dialysis unit staff to have knowledge regarding vascular access infections. So based on their knowledge, they will maintain the aseptic protocol while practicing, which will ensure a low infection rate and prevent the patient from complications that will improve the patient's experience and reduce the length of stay. Conclusion: It is concluded from the research findings that nurses and technician knowledge and practices are not sufficient to prevent the vascular access infections; therefore they must be trained for the provision of best possible care among the dialysis patients. Keywords: Knowledge, Practice, Vascular Access, Infections, Dialysis, Nurse, Technicians","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Congenital Cardiac Conditions in Children Born to Diabetic Moms","authors":"Hamid Iqbal, Saeed Ur Rehman, Abdurrazaq, Ali Abbas Khan, Mazhar Ali, Fawad Ul Haq","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176378","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The foetal cardiovascular system is teratogenically affected by maternal diabetes. Because of this, cardiovascular abnormalities are the most prevalent anomaly in children of diabetes moms. Despite improvements in the medical care provided during pregnancy to diabetic mothers, a cardiac complication in their infants is still more frequent than in infants of the general population. Objectives: to quantify the prevalence of congenital cardiac problems in offspring of diabetes moms. Materials & Methods: this-Cross-sectional-study conducted in the Departments of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Ayub Medical College and Hospital, Abbottabad . from Jan 7 2021, to Jun 6 2021. A total of 111 full-term neonates born to diabetic mothers were included. Premature babies and other congenital anomalies were excluded. After taking consent and detailed history, all the neonates included in the study were sent for (Echocardiography) at the cardiac division of Abbottabad's Ayub Teaching Hospital. In the same department, echocardiography was conducted by the same cardiologist. Neonatal congenital heart disease was treated in hospitals. Results: Mean age was 3.35 ± 1.29 days (Table I). The mean maternal age was 38.64 ± 1.37 weeks. Out of the 111 patients, 79 (71.17%) were male, and Females made up 32 (28.19%), with a male-to-female ratio of 2.5:1. The average newborn weighed 3.93 1.62 kg. In this research, I discovered that 43 (38.74%) children with a mother who has diabetes had congenital cardiac disease. Conclusion: This study has shown the prevalence of congenital cardiac abnormalities, with patent ductus arteriosus being the most prevalent abnormality among children born to diabetic moms. Keywords: congenital heart defects, diabetic mothers, patent ductus arteriosus. Births in the US, whereas just 2% of pregnancies in Faisalabad have diabetes.Teratogenic","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Variations in Blood Pressure and Increased Incidence of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Cold Months of the Year","authors":"Samiullah Khan, Gohar Ali Khan, N. Shah, Saeed Maqsood, Radhia Khan, Attaullah","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176381","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the Seasonal variations in Blood Pressure and increased incidence of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in cold months of the year Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at KGN hospital, during the time period of one year. The months of the year was divided as cold months (November-February) and all other months (March-October) of the year. Ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke were the two main categories used to categorize individuals with stroke based on non contrast brain CT scan along with clinical characteristics. Results: In cold months, the incidence of Intracerebral hemorrhage, 98 (65.3%) was significantly greater at p < 0.05 as compared to all other months of the year, 52 (34.7%). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure of intracerebral hemorrhage patients was higher in cold months as compared to all other months of the year Conclusion: The good reason for increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure of intracerebral hemorrhage patients is the peripheral vasoconstriction of the vessels in cold weather. Keywords: Intracerebral hemorrhage, seasonal variations, Ischemic stroke, cholesterol, blood pressure.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contaminated Equipments: A Source of Hospital Acquired Infections among Patients at Critical Areas of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi","authors":"I. Anwar, Shireen Rafiq, Kiran Ahmad, Taqweem Ul Haq, Saeeda, Zobia Aslam","doi":"10.53350/pjmhs2023176375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176375","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A nosocomial infection is contracted within a period of 48 hours following admission to a hospital or within 48 hours after being discharged from the hospital. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are vulnerable to infections due to various factors, including their pre-existing medical conditions, medical procedures such as surgery, intubation, and catheterization, as well as their potential exposure to microorganisms from fellow patients. In addition to this, the presence of contaminated equipment represents a significant contributor to the occurrence of hospital-acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms among patients in critical areas. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in coronary care and critical areas of Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi. A total of 415 samples were processed at the microbiology laboratory over a 4 month period from which 112 were swabs taken from equipment of the Medical, Surgical and Pediatric intensive care Units (MICU, SICU, and PICU) and the Coronary Care Unit. The remaining 303 samples were blood, urine, tracheal secretions/tips, pus and Foley tip cultures received in the microbiology laboratory from MICU, SICU, CCU and PICU. Samples were cultured on the appropriate media and observed after the required period. Results: High levels of contamination (58.03%) were identified on a wide range of healthcare equipment. The total of infected patients were 37.6%. Most common infection site was the respiratory tract. Acinetobacter spp. was the most predominant isolate among patients in MICU, SICU and CCU while Klebsiella spp. was the predominant isolate from the PICU. Conclusion: A significant degree of contamination is observed across a diverse array of healthcare equipment. Nevertheless, the prevalence of contaminated instruments and the subsequent potential for acquiring a healthcare-associated infection (HAI) can be significantly mitigated through the consistent implementation of cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization protocols for medical equipment. Keywords: hospital acquired infections, Contamination, equipment, pathogens.","PeriodicalId":19842,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}