Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Piroxicam on Pharmacokinetics of Sulphadimidine in WestAfrican Dwarf Male and Female Goats (Capra hircus)","authors":"Emmanuel Ai, Saganuwan Sa, Onyeyili Pa","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000555","url":null,"abstract":"Sulphadimidine is used in the treatment of susceptible enteric bacteria that could cause enteritis and since piroxicam is a potent anti-inflammatory agent, it is co-administered with piroxicam intramuscularly. In view of this, effects of piroxicam on the pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine were studied in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Twenty goats of both sexes, aged 1-year-old and weighing 10.4 ± 1.3 kg were divided into two groups of 10 each (5 males; 5 females) were administered 100 mg/kg body weight of sulphadimidine via right thigh muscle, whereas piroxicam (5 mg/kg) was administered to WAD goats (5 males; 5 females). Blood samples were collected over a range of time (0-192 hrs) and analyzed for presence of sulphadimidine. The results showed significant increase (p<0.05) in time maximum (Tmax=1.90 ± 0.45 hr), elimination half-life (T1/2β=9.13 ± 1.26 hr) and mean residence time (13.51 ± 1.90 hr) in male goats administered sulphadimidine/piroxicam as compared to Tmax (1.10 ± 0.29 hr), T1/2β (7.24 ± 0.59 hr) and MRT (10.54 ± 0.92 hr) of male goats administered sulphadimidine alone. However, WAD goats showed significant increase (P<0.05) in time maximum (Tmax=1.50 ± 0.22 hr), volume of distribution area (Vdarea=3.94 ± 0.55 L/kg), elimination half-life (T1/2β=8.72 ± 0.84 hr) and mean residence time (MRT=12.77 ± 1.90 hr) in female goats administered sulphadimidine with piroxicam as compared to Tmax (0.90 ± 0.18 hr), Vdarea (3.39 ± 0.38 l/kg), T1/2β (70.68 ± 0.72 hr) and MRT (11.25 ± 1.11 hr) of female goats administered sulphadimidine alone. Co-administration of piroxicam with sulphadimidine may delay elimination of sulphadimidine, prolong its therapeutic effect and withdrawal period in West African Dwarf goats.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88186974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trituration and Fractal Dimension in Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia","authors":"D. Kalliantas, Kass Me, Karagianni Chs","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000554","url":null,"abstract":"For many years now, homeopathy is considered to be an alternative and more physical way of treatment compared to traditional medicine. Though, little has yet been scientifically studied upon the matter. The scope of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the size-shape variations of eight starting Raw Solid Materials (RSM) and the role of trituration in the size-shape of these RSM’s before they are turned into solutions. These materials are used in homeopathy as remedies, after successive grindings, before they are turned into homeopathic solutions. What is more, their fracture surface fractal dimension is investigated. The trituration process will be analyzed, which in homeopathic pharmacology leads to the substances having self-affined fractal structure regardless their type or hardness (metals, minerals, salts, shells, dry plants, etc.), a structure only depending on the size and shape of the powder grains of the starting RSM. The physical meaning of these results is that at the end of the process there is a gradual transformation of the size and shape of the original RSM during the trituration, depending on the physical condition of the materials before grinding them. In this paper, it is proved that, regardless of the starting RSM, the fixed trituration formalism used in Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia leads to a result which depends only on the powder grains size of the starting RSM.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90450245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for SimultaneousDetermination of Diclofenac Sodium and Eperisone Hydrochloride inPharmaceutical Dosage Form","authors":"A. Divya, Y. Vishwanadham, Mounika","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000552","url":null,"abstract":"The RP-HPLC (Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Eperisone Hydrochloride and Diclofenac Sodium in capsule dosage form. After that optimization good chromatographic separation was achieved by Isocratic mode with a mixture of Acetonitrile: Phosphate buffer pH-5.8 in the ratio 55:45 v/v as the mobile phase and detection wavelength of 225 nm. The drud retention times for Eperisone Hydrochloride and Diclofenac Sodium found to be 3.143 min and 4.753 min respectively. The linearity, this method was found in the concentration range of 90-210 μg/ml for Eperisone Hydrochloride and 60-140 μg/ml for Diclofenac Sodium. The LOD and LOQ for Eperisone Hydrochloride were found to be 1.55 and 4.71 μg/ml respectively. The LOD and LOQ for Diclofenac Sodium were found to be 2.08 and 6.31 μg/ml respectively. This method was found to be good as the percentage recovery for Eperisone Hydrochloride and Diclofenac Sodium were found to be 100.86 and 99.81 respectively, which indicates that the proposed method is highly accurate. The specificity of the method shows good correlation between retention times of standard with the drug so, the sample without interference from excipients of capsule dosage form.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"95 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76796794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric Method for theDetermination of Tofisopam in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulation","authors":"M. Kokane, J. Pananchery, A. Jain","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000551","url":null,"abstract":"A rapid, specific UV spectrophotometric method has been developed using a solvent methanol to determine Tofisopam content in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. At a pre-determined wavelength at 310 nm, it was proved linear in the range of 4-24 μg/ml and exhibited good correlation coefficient (R2=0.9996) and excellent mean recovery (98-102%). The method was validated statistically and parameters like linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, and assay were studied according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The obtained results proved that the method can be employed for the routine analysis of Tofisopam in bulk as well as in the commercial formulations.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"380 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76526639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass Spectrometry Characterization of a Novel Insulin Mimetic Peptide s597","authors":"N. Mesonzhnik, G. Krotov, S. Appolonova","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000549","url":null,"abstract":"Novel peptide-based drugs have recently gained high popularity, especially among athletes seeking ways to enhance their performance. Although the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has banned the use of any nonapproved for human therapeutic use pharmacological substances in Sports, a huge variety of such peptides with potential performance-enhancing properties are available for sale in the black market and in illegal online websites. The difficulty of determination of these molecules in biological fluids depending on their low concentrations and their similarity to endogenous compounds has boosted their use not only among athletes, but also in the amateurs’ world. \u0000The goal of this study was to perform the mass spectrometry characterization of a novel s597 peptide drug purchased via an online store. The study was carried out using nanoscale liquid chromatography/quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry with accurate mass determination and sequence analysis for both intact drug and after its trypsinolysis. The purchased drug was found to be a peptide with 31 amino acid residues, intra-chain disulfide bond and modified by C-terminal amide and N-terminal acetyl groups. The proposed sequence was consistent with s597 peptide, designed to be used as insulin receptor ligand mimetic.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88227473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Analysis of Aqueous Extract of Daniellia oliveri Stem Bark","authors":"O. Yakubu, O. Otitoju, Joshua Onwuka","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000568","url":null,"abstract":"A novel Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of aqueous extract of Daniellia oliveri stem bark was performed to identify the composition and percentage abundance of the various phytochemical constituents of Daniellia oliveri stem bark. The extract was obtained using 1:4 (w/v) of the pulverized stem bark in distilled water. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis was carried out on a Perkin Elmer Turbo Mass Spectrophotometer while measurement of peak areas and data processing were carried out by Turbo-Mass- OCPTVS-Demo SPL software and spectrums of the components were compared with the database of spectrum of known components stored in the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry library. The phytochemical constituents identified are some fatty acids such as oleic acid, fatty acid methyl esters such as 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1, 2-ethanediyl ester and some volatile organic substances such as 1, 1, 1, 4-Tetramethyl-4-chloro-4-vinyl-1, 4-disilabutane. The presence of these compounds justifies the use of some parts of the plant for various elements in folklore and can be advised as a plant of phytopharmaceutical and industrial importance.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84423000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Anti-diabetic Effects and Safety of Aqueous Extracts of Urtica dioicaCollected from Narok County, Kenya","authors":"M. J. Mukundi, N. E. Mwaniki, N. M. Piero, Njagi J Murugi, Juma K Kelvin, Abdulwaheed Adebola Yusuf, Mwonjoria K John, Ngetich K Alex, Agyirifo S Daniel, Gathumbi K Peter, Muchugi N Alice","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000548","url":null,"abstract":"Drug bio screening for potential anti-diabetics is scientifically motivated by the desire to discover newer, safer and affordable drugs that complement conventional strategies for management of diabetes. Urtica dioica grows naturally in many parts of Africa with a wide variety use in traditional medicine and diet. However, scientific validation for use of U. dioica has not been done for anti-diabetic activity. The aim of the study was to determine the antidiabetic effects of aqueous extracts of U. dioica in alloxan induced mice and the safety of U. dioica on mice models. The plant extracts were administered orally at doses of 25 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg which is the common route used in traditional herbal medicine administration. Evaluation for toxicity was determined at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight aqueous extracts of U. dioica. The results from the study indicated that the plant extracts exhibited insulin mimetic anti-diabetic activity. Evaluation for toxicity also indicated that a dose of 1000 mg/kg bw preserved the integrity of liver, kidney and lipid profiles for biochemical markers. Moreover, there was no significant change in the hematological and leucocyte counts. There was no significant change in gross body weight, organ body weight and histopathological changes on tissues of the body organs in this study. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of aqueous leaf extracts of U. dioica indicated the presence of phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Various levels of different mineral elements were also recorded. In conclusion, this study confirmed that U. dioica at a dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weights possessed anti-diabetic activity. It is also safe for use at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight. More studies should be explored on the potential anti-diabetic effects using other routes of administration.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87351833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC)Methodology for Estimation of Efonidipine HCl Ethanolate (EFD)","authors":"Ashok Kumar, Shoni Sk, M. Dahiya, R. Kumar, A. Yadav, Kumar, H. S. Chaudhary","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000547","url":null,"abstract":"A Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method using symmetry C18, 5.0 mm column was developed for the determination of Efonidipine Hydrochloride Ethanolate (EFD). The mobile phase acetonitrile and water ratio was selected 85: 15 via flow rate were 0.8 mL/min and elution was monitored at 254 nm. Response was a linear function of concentration over the range 20-140 μg/ml (R2=0.9994) and the limits of detection was 681.83 ng/ml. The limit of quantification was 2.06 μg/ml. The coefficient of variation for intra-assay and inter-assay precision was less than or equal to 1.5% and the accuracy was 104.0-105.0% and method was validated accordance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines to check content uniformity. In this lieu, a simple and rapid with good accuracy precision validated method is developed which is applicable in quality-estimation, in-future.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87789425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic Considerations for Container Closure Selection of Parenteral DrugProducts","authors":"L. Kolluru","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000E189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000E189","url":null,"abstract":"By definition, container closure system encompasses all components of the packaging system that hold and protect the drug product. It includes primary packaging system (components with which the drug product comes in direct contact) and secondary packaging system (components that offer additional protection to the system but do not come in direct contact with the drug product). This article focuses on primary packaging components as they have a significant effect on the critical quality attributes of the drug product throughout the product shelf-life. Selection of an appropriate container closure system for a parenteral drug product is of utmost importance as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classified that the probability of interaction of the drug product with the packaging component is high and the risks associated from such interactions are highest for injections administered via parenteral route [1]. Impeachment of container closure integrity leads to compromised sterility of the drug product system, which in turn is one of the major reasons for FDA drug product recalls in 2016 [2].","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79554068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPLC Determination of Metformin, Famotidine and Ranitidine by Derivatization with Benzoin from Drugs and Biological Samples","authors":"M. Alamgir, M. Y. Khuhawar, S. Memon, Amir Hayat, R. A. Zounr, Asma Chanar","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000546","url":null,"abstract":"A novel High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed based on pre column derivatization with benzoin for determination of metformin, famotidine and ranitidine. The separation was achieved from C18 column when eluted isocratically, the solution of the drugs with methanol, water, acetonitrile and Tetra Hydrofuran (THF) (40:40:16:4 v/v) with a flow rate at 1 mL/min. UV detection was found to be 268 nm. Linear calibrations range was obtained with 2.5-12.5 μg/ml, with limits of detection (LODs) 0.091-0.30 μg/ml. The total run time for elution was 3.5 min. The derivitization, separation and quantitation was repeatable (n=4) in terms of retention time and peak height/peak area with Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) within 0.84-1.55% and 0.68-1.17% respectively. The method was applied for the analysis of metformin, famotidine and ranitidine from pharmaceutical preparations, human serum and human urine. The possible interfering effects of the sample matrix were checked by the analysis by standard addition method and matrix effect was not indicated.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75935069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}