PharmacoEconomics最新文献

{"title":"The Value of Flexible Vaccine Manufacturing Capacity: Value Drivers, Estimation Methods, and Approaches to Value Recognition in Health Technology Assessment.","authors":"Frederick McElwee, Anthony Newall","doi":"10.1007/s40273-024-01396-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40273-024-01396-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Expanding flexible vaccine manufacturing capacity (FVMC) for routine vaccines could facilitate more timely access to novel vaccines during future pandemics. Vaccine manufacturing capacity is 'flexible' if it is built on a technology platform that allows rapid adaption to new infectious agents. The added value of routine vaccines produced using a flexible platform for pandemic preparedness is not currently recognised in conventional health technology assessment (HTA) methods. We start by examining the current state of play of incentives for FVMC and exploring the relation between flexible and spare capacity. We then establish the key factors for estimating FVMC and draw from established frameworks to identify relevant value drivers. The role of FVMC as a countermeasure against pandemic risks is deemed an additional value attribute that should be recognised. Next, we address the gap in the vaccine-valuation literature between the conceptual understanding of the value of additional FVMC and the availability of accurate and reliable tools for its estimation to facilitate integration into HTA. Three practical approaches for estimating the value of additional FVMC are discussed: stated and revealed preference studies, macroeconomic modelling, and benefit-cost analysis. Lastly, we review how value recognition of additional FVMC can be realised within the HTA process for routine vaccines manufactured on flexible platforms. We argue that, while the value of additional FVMC is uncertain and further research is needed to help to better estimate it, the value of increased pandemic preparedness is likely to be too large to be ignored.</p>","PeriodicalId":19807,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics","volume":" ","pages":"187-197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11230966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a Program Costs Checklist of Digital Health Interventions: A Scoping Review and Empirical Case Study.","authors":"Zareen Abbas Khan, Kristian Kidholm, Sindre Andre Pedersen, Silje Marie Haga, Filip Drozd, Thea Sundrehagen, Ellen Olavesen, Vidar Halsteinli","doi":"10.1007/s40273-024-01366-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40273-024-01366-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The rate of development and complexity of digital health interventions (DHIs) in recent years has to some extent outpaced the methodological development in economic evaluation and costing. Particularly, the choice of cost components included in intervention or program costs of DHIs have received scant attention. The aim of this study was to build a literature-informed checklist of program cost components of DHIs. The checklist was next tested by applying it to an empirical case, Mamma Mia, a DHI developed to prevent perinatal depression.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A scoping review with a structured literature search identified peer-reviewed literature from 2010 to 2022 that offers guidance on program costs of DHIs. Relevant guidance was summarized and extracted elements were organized into categories of main cost components and their associated activities following the standard three-step approach, that is, activities, resource use and unit costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 3448 records reviewed, 12 studies met the criteria for data extraction. The main cost categories identified were development, research, maintenance, implementation and health personnel involvement (HPI). Costs are largely considered to be context-specific, may decrease as the DHI matures and vary with number of users. The five categories and their associated activities constitute the checklist. This was applied to estimate program costs per user for Mamma Mia Self-Guided and Blended, the latter including additional guidance from public health nurses during standard maternal check-ups. Excluding research, the program cost per mother was more than double for Blended compared with Self-Guided (€140.5 versus €56.6, 2022 Euros) due to increased implementation and HPI costs. Including research increased the program costs to €190.8 and €106.9, respectively. One-way sensitivity analyses showed sensitivity to changes in number of users, lifespan of the app, salaries and license fee.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The checklist can help increase transparency of cost calculation and improve future comparison across studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19807,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics","volume":" ","pages":"663-678"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11126496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140294221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Use of Pictorial Approaches in the Development of Paediatric Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Norma B Bulamu, Lauren Lines, Gang Chen, David G T Whitehurst, Kim Dalziel, Nancy Devlin, Julie Ratcliffe","doi":"10.1007/s40273-024-01357-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40273-024-01357-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Children may find self-reporting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) presented in text-based formats difficult, particularly younger children and children with developmental delays or chronic illness. In such cases, pictorial PROMs (where pictorial representations are used alongside or to replace text) may offer a valid alternative.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This systematic literature review focused on identifying and describing paediatric PROMs that incorporate pictorial approaches, providing children with more effective means to express their HRQoL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to 1 March 2022. There were no country restrictions applied to the search; all English-language studies were considered for inclusion in the review. Characteristics and development methods of the identified pictorial PROMs were evaluated against context-specific good practice guidelines published by The Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 22 paediatric pictorial PROMs, comprising 28 unique versions, were identified. These PROMs were predominantly developed in the USA and the UK, targeting children aged 3-18 years. Likert scales with pictorial anchors, particularly happy-sad faces, were commonly used for response options, appearing in 15 (54%) of the PROMs. Various graphic methods, such as happy-sad faces, cartoons, and thermometers, were adapted to specific content domains. These PROMs covered a wide range of domains, including physical and emotional health and social functioning. Emphasis was placed on content validity, including active child participation in developing pictorial elements. Notably, children's participation was sought during the development of the pictorial elements for 13 (46%) of the PROMs. Various development methods were employed, with 43% of paediatric PROMs using literature reviews, 43% using focus groups, and 32% involving expert consultation. Interviews emerged as the primary method, being employed in 61% of the studies. Additionally, three measures specifically addressed cross-cultural considerations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Paediatric pictorial PROMs offer child-friendly tools for assessing HRQoL for application with children who find reading and understanding text-based PROMs challenging. There is some evidence that pictorial PROMs facilitate self-report in this population and improve measurement properties compared to text-only PROMs. Further research is needed to develop, validate, and test paediatric pictorial PROMs, with an emphasis on including children from the inception in the co-design process.</p>","PeriodicalId":19807,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics","volume":" ","pages":"9-37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139723589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of Inter-Rater and Intra-Proxy Agreement in Measuring Quality of Life of Children in the Community Using the EQ-5D-Y-3L.","authors":"Diana Khanna, Jyoti Khadka, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Gang Chen, Kim Dalziel, Nancy Devlin, Julie Ratcliffe","doi":"10.1007/s40273-024-01356-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40273-024-01356-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-reporting of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children is not always feasible. To date, proxy perspectives (Proxy versions 1 and 2) using the EQ-5D-Y-3L have not been explored for its impact on agreement with child self-report. Proxy version 1 requires the proxy to consider their own view of the child's HRQoL (proxy-proxy), while with Proxy version 2, the proxy is asked to respond as they believe their child would self-report their HRQoL (proxy-child). This study compared the inter-rater and intra-proxy agreement (overall and dimension level) using the EQ-5D-Y-3L self, proxy-proxy, and proxy-child reports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A community-based sample of child (aged 6-12 years) and parent dyads were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. The child self-completed the EQ-5D-Y-3L independently of the parent who completed the EQ-5D-Y-3L from proxy-proxy and proxy-child perspectives. Agreement was determined using Concordance Correlation Coefficients (CCCs) for the overall (preference-weighted) HRQoL, while agreement at the dimension level was evaluated using Gwet's agreement coefficient (AC₁). To assess the differences between the self and the two proxy reports, the Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study involved 85 child-parent dyads. The agreement between self and proxy overall HRQoL was low (fair) with both proxy-proxy (CCC = 0.28) and proxy-child (CCC = 0.26) reports. The largest discrepancy in the child-proxy agreement at dimension level with both the proxy versions was observed for 'feeling worried, sad or unhappy'. Within this dimension, the proxy-child perspective resulted in a stronger agreement (AC₁ = 0.7, good) with child self-report compared with the traditional proxy-proxy perspective (AC₁ = 0.58, moderate). Although the preference-weighted HRQoL was consistent across both the proxy perspectives, a significant difference was observed in the EQ VAS scores (p = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that choice of proxy perspective may have an impact on the problems reported on HRQoL dimensions and EQ VAS scores. However, in this community-based sample of generally healthy children, no significant difference was observed in the inter-rater agreement for child-self and proxy preference-weighted EQ-5D-Y-3L values based on proxy perspectives. While this suggests that preference-weighted data are not sensitive to the choice of perspective, these findings may differ for different HRQoL instruments and for alternative value sets with different properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":19807,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics","volume":" ","pages":"113-128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Comparing the Psychometric Performance of Generic Paediatric Health‑Related Quality of Life Instruments in Children and Adolescents with ADHD, Anxiety and/or Depression.","authors":"Rachel O'Loughlin, Renee Jones, Gang Chen, Brendan Mulhern, Harriet Hiscock, Nancy Devlin, Kim Dalziel","doi":"10.1007/s40273-024-01373-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40273-024-01373-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19807,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics","volume":" ","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting the Challenges of Preference-Weighted Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measurement in Children.","authors":"Wendy J Ungar, Michael Herdman","doi":"10.1007/s40273-024-01383-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40273-024-01383-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19807,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics","volume":" ","pages":"3-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) Proxy Version Administered to Parents and Caregivers of Children Aged 2-4 Years Compared with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL).","authors":"Xiuqin Xiong, Natalie Carvalho, Li Huang, Gang Chen, Renee Jones, Nancy Devlin, Brendan Mulhern, Kim Dalziel","doi":"10.1007/s40273-024-01355-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40273-024-01355-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines the psychometric properties of the Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) proxy version administered to parents/caregivers of 2-4-year-old Australian children compared with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ version 4.0 (PedsQL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data collected in 2021/2022 from parents/caregivers of 2-4-year-olds from the Australian pediatric multi-instrument comparison study were used. Feasibility, ceiling/floor effects, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, known-group validity, and responsiveness were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 842 caregivers completed the survey at baseline, with 513 completing the follow-up survey. The CHU9D did not demonstrate ceiling effects in the sample with special health care needs, with only 6% of respondents reporting best levels for all nine dimensions. CHU9D correlated with PedsQL moderately-to-strongly between comparable items (correlation coefficients 0.34-0.70). CHU9D was able to differentiate between groups with known health differences with moderate-to-large effect sizes (Cohen's d 0.58-2.03). Moderate test-retest reliability was found for CHU9D in those reporting no health change at a 2-day follow-up (ICC 0.52). A standard response mean (SRM) of 0.25-0.44 was found for children with changes in general health and a SRM of 0.72-0.82 for children who reported worsened health when developing new illnesses, indicating small-to-large responsiveness according to different definitions of health changes. Compared with PedsQL, CHU9D had similar known-group validity and responsiveness and slightly poorer test-retest reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CHU9D was found to be valid and reliable to measure health-related quality-of-life in children aged 2-4 years, although with relatively low test-retest reliability in some dimensions. Further development and validation work is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19807,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics","volume":" ","pages":"147-161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11169045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Psychometric Performance of Generic Paediatric Health-Related Quality of Life Instruments in Children and Adolescents with ADHD, Anxiety and/or Depression.","authors":"Rachel O'Loughlin, Renee Jones, Gang Chen, Brendan Mulhern, Harriet Hiscock, Nancy Devlin, Kim Dalziel","doi":"10.1007/s40273-024-01354-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40273-024-01354-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the validity, reliability and responsiveness of common generic paediatric health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments in children and adolescents with mental health challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were a subset of the Australian Paediatric Multi-Instrument Comparison (P-MIC) study and comprised 1013 children aged 4-18 years with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 533), or anxiety and/or depression (n = 480). Participants completed an online survey including a range of generic paediatric HRQoL instruments (PedsQL, EQ-5D-Y-3L, EQ-5D-Y-5L, CHU9D) and mental health symptom measures (SDQ, SWAN, RCADS-25). A subset of participants also completed the HUI3 and AQoL-6D. The psychometric performance of each HRQoL instrument was assessed regarding acceptability/feasibility; floor/ceiling effects; convergent validity; known-group validity; responsiveness and test-retest reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PedsQL, CHU9D, EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L showed similarly good performance for acceptability/feasibility, known-group validity and convergent validity. The CHU9D and PedsQL showed no floor or ceiling effects and fair-good test-retest reliability. Test-retest reliability was lower for the EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-Y-5L. The EQ-5D-Y-3L showed the highest ceiling effects, but was the top performing instrument alongside the CHU9D on responsiveness to improvements in health status, followed by the PedsQL. The AQoL-6D and HUI3 showed good acceptability/feasibility, no floor or ceiling effects, and good convergent validity, yet poorer performance on known-group validity. Responsiveness and test-retest reliability were not able to be assessed for these two instruments. In subgroup analyses, performance was similar for all instruments for acceptability/feasibility, known-group and convergent validity, however, relative strengths and weaknesses for each instrument were noted for ceiling effects, responsiveness and test-retest reliability. In sensitivity analyses using utility scores, performance regarding known-group and convergent validity worsened slightly for the EQ-5D-Y-3L and CHU9D, though improved slightly for the HUI3 and AQoL-6D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While each instrument showed strong performance in some areas, careful consideration of the choice of instrument is advised, as this may differ dependent on the intended use of the instrument, and the age, gender and type of mental health condition of the population in which the instrument is being used.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ANZCTR-ACTRN12621000657820.</p>","PeriodicalId":19807,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics","volume":" ","pages":"57-77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11168999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian Hierarchical Modelling for Histology-Independent Time-to-Event Outcomes in the NICE Single Technology Appraisal of Pembrolizumab for Solid Tumours with MSI-H/dMMR: External Assessment Group Perspective.","authors":"Bradley M Sugden, Sabine E Grimm, Robert Wolff, Nigel Armstrong, Thomas Otten, Teebah Abu-Zahra, Mark Perry, Mubarak Patel, Jiongyu Chen, Caro Noake, Manuela Joore, Willem J A Witlox","doi":"10.1007/s40273-024-01381-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40273-024-01381-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19807,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics","volume":" ","pages":"615-618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11126505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market Transparency in Medicine Pricing: Pathways to Fair Pricing.","authors":"João L Carapinha","doi":"10.1007/s40273-024-01390-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40273-024-01390-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19807,"journal":{"name":"PharmacoEconomics","volume":" ","pages":"611-614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}