Eurasian Journal of Forest Science最新文献

{"title":"Some seed characteristics and genetic similarities of Western Black Sea Fir populations including an isolated population","authors":"E. Veli̇oğlu, M. Alan, Yasemin Tayanç, Burcu Çengel, G. Kandemir","doi":"10.31195/ejejfs.1282109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1282109","url":null,"abstract":"West Blacksea fir (Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach subsp. equi-trojani) is an endemic species of Turkey. Six populations, four of which are a seed stand and three gene conservation forests (Akyazi-Dokurcun, Aladag-Sarialan, Kizilcahamam-Guvem, Safranbolu-Safranbolu), a Nature Reserve Area (Istanbul-Beykoz) and a natural forest (Pinarbasi-Kurtgirmez) were selected to study. Cones were harvested from 118 trees in six populations. Some seed characters obtained from cones were measured and evaluated. The average seed width, length, and thickness were 6.63 mm, 12.06 mm, and 3.46 mm, respectively. The average 1000 seed weight was 82.80 g. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences at the population level in all characteristics except seed length. Regarding genetic similarity, populations were divided into two main groups: East and West. The isolated Istanbul-Beykoz population was similar to the West group showing artificial migration or cut-off from the West group. Due to including seed stand and gene conservation forest, the findings are expected to contribute to forest management, besides Christmas trees and landscape use.","PeriodicalId":197799,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Forest Science","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121051575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Research on the Botanical Composition of Kükürtlü Neighborhood (Araklı/TRABZON)","authors":"H. Baykal, A. Bakoğlu, M. Catal","doi":"10.31195/ejejfs.1191838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1191838","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to determine the pasture status of Kükürtlü neighborhood in Araklı district of the city Trabzon. The plant samples of the study were collected in 2022. Lup method was used for specifying the vegetation data. A total of 53 taxa belonging to 44 genera and 24 families were identified in the study. Poaceae (6) and Fabaceae (4) are the richest families in the total number of taxa. The other families and taxa numbers are as follows; Apiaceae (1), Asparagaceae (3), Asteraceae (3), Boraginaceae (2), Brassicaceae (3), Caprifoliaceae (1), Caryophyllaceae (2), Ericaceae (1), Euphorbiaceae (1), Geraniaceae (2), Juncaceae (1), Lamiaceae (4), Plantaginaceae (2), Polygalaceae (2), Primulaceae (2), Ranunculus (1), Rosaceae (4), Rubiaceae (2), Scrophulariaceae (1), Orchidaceae (3), Urticaceae (1) and Violaceae (1). The status of the pasture was determined as \"Poor\" with a pasture quality degree of 2.01.","PeriodicalId":197799,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Forest Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115210870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential gene flow in Eurasian Acanthocinus griseus (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae): A preliminary mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase-I-based analysis","authors":"Aynur Abbaszada, F. Uçkan, Havva Kübra Soydabaş-Ayoub","doi":"10.31195/ejejfs.1260360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1260360","url":null,"abstract":"Acanthocinus griseus (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Acanthocinini) has long been known for its role in the decay process of the wood in the forest ecosystem, and two critical features of the species, inhabiting standing trees and being a vector of pine wood nematodes Bursaphelenchus spp., have been noted recently. Therefore, understanding the current relationships and possible migration scenarios has been further required to assess invasion risks. The present work provided a preliminary comprehension of the phylogenetic relationships of A. griseus based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase-I (COI) gene region (658 bp), with sequences produced in the present study, from the specimens collected from timberyards, ports and forests of Kocaeli Province, Turkey, and with available sequences in GenBank of inhabitants of Eurasia, and of intercepted specimens in ports. The intraspecific genetic distance of A. griseus was 1.37-0,3%, while the interspecific distance was 10,79-13,37%, except the closeness of an A. griseus haplotype (AGR1) to A. sachalinensis (0,3%) more than its conspecifics (4,71-5,47%). The ML and BI analyses suggested identical topologies. The statistical parsimony network drew a reticular branching diagram without grouping across countries or geographic regions, which addresses ongoing gene flow. Most haplotypes from Turkey were clustered around a central haplotype (AGR11), which may point to a bottleneck effect. A haplotype previously intercepted in USA ports was identical to a haplotype sampled in Kocaeli. The present study suggests that the relationship between A. griseus and A. sachalinensis should be reconsidered from both morphological and molecular points of view. In addition, the possible ongoing intraspecific gene flow within A. griseus might be due to facilitated migration by the international wood trade.","PeriodicalId":197799,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Forest Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126352622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Istanbul Residents’ Perceptions of the Use of Green Spaces by Syrian Immigrants","authors":"Sezin Kete, T. Okan","doi":"10.31195/ejejfs.1249669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1249669","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the perceptions of the people of Istanbul regarding Syrian immigrants and their common use of urban green spaces. The causes of conflicts that Istanbul residents and Syrians immigrants have experienced in green spaces are also addressed. An exploratory sequential design was used, being one of the mixed methods in which qualitative and quantitative approaches are used together. Semi-structured interviews and content analysis were conducted for the qualitative part of the study. For the quantitative part, data were collected from 389 people in Istanbul with a survey consisting of Likert-type scale questions. Explanatory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the obtained data-set. As a result, it was found that Istanbul’s citizens have problems with Syrian immigrants in urban green spaces due to differences in activities, they expect Syrians to speak Turkish in mutual communication, and they do not want to interact with this group due to their negative attitude towards Syrian immigrants. More detailed research should be conducted to reduce the conflict between these groups. In addition, this study reveals that conflicts have increased due to the lack of green spaces, and an increase in green spaces may be proposed as a solution.","PeriodicalId":197799,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Forest Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121425786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETERMINATION OF USEFUL BORON CONTENT OF THE SOILS OF KIRIKHAN-KUMLU REGION OF HATAY PROVINCE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH SOME SOIL PROPERTIES","authors":"M. Yalçın","doi":"10.31195/ejejfs.1275658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1275658","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was aimed to determine the useful boron content of the soils of Kırıkhan-Kumlu region of Hatay province and its relationships with some physical and chemical properties. For this purpose, a total of 60 soil samples were taken from 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths and from 30 different points to represent the study area. The pH, total salt, composition, cation exchange capacity (CEC), lime, organic matter and useful boron contents of the soils were determined. According to the results of the research; pH contents of the soils were 7.95-8.43; total salt contents 0.009-0.115 %; clay contents 18.88-74.16 %; sand contents 7.12-59.84 %; silt contents 15.28-52.72 %; lime contents 0.47-26.59 %; organic matter contents 1.16-6.08 %; CEC contents 22.26-72.83 me/100 g and useful boron contents 0.10-1.25 mg/kg. In terms of useful boron content of Kırıkhan-Kumlu soils of Hatay province, it was determined that 50.00 % of them were very low, 40.00 % were low and 10.00 % were sufficient at 0-20 cm depth and 50.00 % of them were very low, 43.34 % were low and 6.66 % were sufficient at 20-40 cm depth. While a positive significant relationship was determined between useful boron and salt, clay, lime and CEC contents of soils, a negative significant relationship was determined between useful boron and sand content. Positive significant relationships were determined between salt and clay, lime and CEC contents of the soils, while negative significant relationships were determined between salt and pH and sand contents. Positive significant relationships were determined between clay and organic matter and CEC contents of the study area soils, while negative significant relationships were determined between clay and sand and silt contents. Significant negative relationships were determined between sand and organic matter and CEC contents of the soils. At the same time, while negative significant relationships were determined between silt and CEC and lime and organic matter contents of the soils, positive significant relationships were determined between organic matter and CEC. As a result, it was seen that the useful boron content of the soils in the study area was determined at low and very low levels above 92 % in all soils of the study area and it was seen that the useful boron content of the soils was insufficient and therefore boron fertilization should be done.","PeriodicalId":197799,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Forest Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129496150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of consumer demand for medicinal plants","authors":"Onur Özkan, T. Deniz","doi":"10.31195/ejejfs.1243329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1243329","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to evaluate the demand of consumers who buy medicinal plants in Istanbul and to reveal the relationships between the variables affecting the demand. For this purpose, face-to-face interviews were conducted with consumers (n=384) who purchased medicinal plants in 20 randomly selected districts of Istanbul. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and Chi-square independence test were used in data analysis. These analyses were carried out with the SPSS 22.0 statistical package program. According to the research results, it has been seen that the most demanded medicinal plants are linden, mint and ginger, respectively. It has been found that people buy medicinal plants mostly for the treatment of respiratory system and digestive system diseases and the demand is generally high in winter and autumn. It was determined that the most important factor affecting the purchasing preferences of consumers is freshness. The consumers mostly buy the medicinal plants from herbalists. According to the Chi-square analysis findings, there is a significant relationship between the gender of consumers and the purpose of using medicinal plants. In addition, while there was no relationship between gender and price, brand, quality, there was a statistically significant relationship between expiration date and visuality.","PeriodicalId":197799,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Forest Science","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124878711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE POLLEN CALENDAR OF THE EMIRGAN GROVE, ISTANBUL (TURKEY)","authors":"Rüya YILMAZ DAĞDEVİREN, Nurgül KARLIOĞLU KILIÇ","doi":"10.31195/ejejfs.1199308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1199308","url":null,"abstract":"Pollen calendars created for residential areas play a vital role in protecting and treating the sufferers of allergic diseases. In this regard, gravimetric and volumetric pollen traps are placed in the city and town centers. In the process of creating the Emirgan Grove’s pollen calendar, the gravimetric method was utilized together with the Durham sampler between March and September 2020. During this seasonal year, a total of 13464 pollen grains were recorded. According to the obtained pollen analysis results, the pollen grains of 44 taxa including 32 arboreal and 12 non-arboreal taxa were determined. Total pollen grains consisted of 90.95 % grains from arboreal plants, 9.05 % grains from non-arboreal plants. The period with the highest amount of pollen was detected as April. The taxon with the highest pollen concentration was Pinus. In terms of pollen concentrations, Pinus was followed by Cupressaceae, Tilia, Abies, Poaceae, Prunus, Morus and Quercus respectively. This study has been the first pollen calendar study conducted for groves and parks in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":197799,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Forest Science","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130469051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new contribution to the middle Miocene woody flora of Gökçeada (Turkey)","authors":"Ü. Akkemik, Yildirim Güngör, H. Çelik","doi":"10.31195/ejejfs.1191884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1191884","url":null,"abstract":"The fossil site in Gökçeada has a rich diversity of fossil woods. New fossil woods found in different times may improve our knowledge on this fossil site. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the identification results of new fossil woods. After taking thin sections from three different directions of fossil woods as transverse, tangential and radial, identifications were performed. As result, Ginkgoxylon lesboense Süss was determined for the first time in Gökçeada together with re-identifications of Ostryoxylon gökceadaense Akkemik, Cryptocaryoxylon grandoleaceous Akkemik, and Laurinoxylon litseoides Süss with the new fossil wood fragments. Due to the absence of the Aegean Sea in the middle Miocene, today's islands were a permanent piece of land, and therefore, new findings also revealed that the woody flora during the middle Miocene in Gökçeada and Lesbos islands was similar. This study also showed that the genus of Ginkgo L., which is represented with only one species today in China, had a common species in the middle Miocene forests of Aegean basin.","PeriodicalId":197799,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Forest Science","volume":"256 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113983145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DİRENÇLİ KENT VE KOMPAKT KENT MODELLERİNİN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK ÇERÇEVESİNDE DEĞERLENDİRMESİ","authors":"Nurgül Erdem","doi":"10.31195/ejejfs.1191672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1191672","url":null,"abstract":"Dünya kentleşmeye doğru giderken barınma, ulaşım enerji sistemleri ve altyapı hizmetlerinin yanı sıra istihdam, eğitim ve sağlık gibi hizmetlerde büyüyen kent nüfusunun ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması gittikçe zorlaşmaktadır. Kentlerin kendi kendilerine yetebilmeleri, doğal kaynaklarını aşırı kullanımla tüketmemeleri ve sistemin işleyişini kesintiye uğratmadan devam ettirebilmeleri beklentisine yanıt olabilecek strüktür sürdürülebilir kent anlayışından geçmektedir. Sürdürülebilir kent, süreklilik içinde değişimi sağlamak için, toplumsal ve ekonomik çıkarların çevre ve enerjiyle ilgili kaygılarla uyumlu hale getirildiği kentlerdir. \u0000Kentlerin sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanmasındaki en büyük karar verici sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedef ve politikalarıdır. Birleşmiş Milletler Binyıl Kalkınma Hedeflerinden sonra 2015 yılında, “2030 Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Gündemi” kabul edilmiştir. Gündemin, 11 nolu amacı (SKA.11) “Sürdürülebilir Şehirler ve Toplumlar” başlığı altında “güvenli, kapsayıcı, dayanımlı ve sürdürülebilir” olmayı kentlerin sağlaması gereken en önemli öncelik olarak belirlemiştir. \u0000BM-Habitat 2012 yılında, kentsel düzeyde sürdürülebilirliğin ölçülmesi için “Şehir Refah Endeksi” (City Prosperity Index) adıyla bir izleme aracı oluşturulmuştur. 2013 yılında endeks, yerel ve merkezi hükümetlerin yönetişim sorunları da dahil olmak üzere mekansal, demografik, ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel zorluklarla ilgili verilerin kullanılmasını sağlanması için “Şehir Refah Girişimi (City Prosperity Initiative-CPI) adıyla küresel bir girişim haline getirilmiştir. \u0000Bu çalışmada sürdürülebilirlik, sürdürülebilir kent ve kentlerin sürdürülebilirlik ölçütleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca SKA11 ile CIP verileri ayrı ayrı ve karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiş ve ortak noktaları belirlenmiştir. Bu bilgiler ışığında çeşitli kurumlarca oluşturulan ölçüm setleri üzerinden kentsel sürdürülebilirlik kriterleri sorgulanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada sürdürülebilir kent örneklerine yer verilmiştir. Örnekler üzerinden sürdürülebilir kent modellerinin hedefleri, özellikleri, standartları açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Günümüz küresel koşullarının kaçınılmaz koşullarından olan kentsel dayanıklılık kavramı ve sürüdürülebilir kentler üzerindeki etkileri üzerinde durulmuş ve “Diriençli Kentler” ile “Kompakt Kent” modelleri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak kentsel sürdürülebilirlik hedef ve amaçlarının günümüz kent yapısındaki karşılığı olan kent modelleri üzerinden sorgulanması bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır.","PeriodicalId":197799,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Forest Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116850425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Records for Eastern Anatolia Region Forest Pest Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) Fauna","authors":"Muhammed Tatar, G. Tozlu","doi":"10.31195/ejejfs.1136555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.1136555","url":null,"abstract":"Türkiye birkaç doğal iklim bölge kompleksini içine alan ve eşsiz coğrafi konumuyla çok sayıda endemik tür içeren zengin bir flora ve faunaya sahiptir. Zengin orman habitatına sahip ülkemiz heyelan, yangın, küresel ısınmaya bağlı iklim değişiklikleri vb. abiyotik etmenler ile zararlı, hastalık ve hatalı tarımsal uygulamalar gibi biyotik etmenlere bağlı olarak ormanlık alanlarının azalması ve sürdürülebilirliğinin tehlike altına girmesiyle karşı karşıya gelmiş durumdadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Ağrı, Ardahan, Bayburt, Bingöl, Erzurum, Iğdır, Kars ve Muş İllerine 2021 yılının nisan-eylül aylarında her ay en az bir kez gidilerek özellikle geçitler ve ormanlık alanlarda atrap, japon şemsiyesi, aspiratör ve çukur tuzaklar kullanılarak, ağaçlarda zararlara neden olan Cerambycidae türleri ile konukçuları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Lepturinae, Spondylidinae, Cerambycinae ve Lamiinae olmak üzere dört altfamilyaya ait 11 tür elde edilmiştir. Lepturinae’ye ait, Akimerus berchmansi Breit Erzurum, Rhagium (Hagrium) bifasciatum F., R. (Megarhagium) fasciculatum Faldermann ve R. (Rhagium) inquisitor schtschukini Semenov Ardahan, Cerambycinae’ye ait Cerambyx (Cerambyx) cerdo cerdo L. Kars, Isotomus comptus comptus Mannerheim Ardahan, Xylotrechus (Rusticoclytus) rusticus L. Bayburt, Lamiinae’ye ait Monochamus (Monochamus) galloprovincialis transitivus Lazarev ise Erzurum ili için ilk kayıt niteliğindedir. Elde edilen Cerambyx cinsine ait türlerin popülasyon yoğunluklarına bağlı olarak larvalarının çam ormanlarında kabuk altı odun dokusunda galeriler açarak ağaçların kurumasına neden olduğu, erginlerinin ise özellikle meşe ormanlık alanlarında ağaç yapraklarında beslenerek zararlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.","PeriodicalId":197799,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Forest Science","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122811072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}