Paediatrics & child health最新文献

{"title":"Preseptal and orbital cellulitis in otherwise healthy children and youth.","authors":"Peter J Gill, Melanie Buba, Carsten Krueger, Nikolaus Wolter, Yohann Arunun Reginald","doi":"10.1093/pch/pxag024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxag024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preseptal (periorbital) and orbital cellulitis are important soft tissue infections in children and youth. Left untreated, these infections can result in severe complications including vision loss and meningitis. Children with severe infections should be admitted to hospital for diagnostic testing, antimicrobial therapy, and specialty consultation, with select cases requiring surgical intervention. This practice point offers practical clinical guidance for the management of otherwise healthy children and youth who present with suspected preseptal or orbital cellulitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19730,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics & child health","volume":"31 6","pages":"670-675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13580626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148991002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: Anti vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) or laser photocoagulation?","authors":"Arijit Lodha, Amelie Stritzke, Stephanie Dotchin","doi":"10.1093/pch/pxag030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxag030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a condition affecting the underdeveloped retinas of premature infants, particularly those exposed to oxygen therapy. While mild cases often resolve on their own, severe ROP can cause retinal detachment, vision loss, or blindness. ROP remains a challenge due to the need to balance treatment benefits and risks. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) therapy has emerged as a promising, minimally invasive treatment for significant ROP, offering shorter administration time, ease of use, and reduced need for surgery or anesthesia. This treatment is increasingly initiated in NICUs following routine screening. However, uncertainties remain regarding the best Anti-VEGF drug, dosing strategies, potential systemic side effects, and long-term neurodevelopmental impacts. Under the guidance of an ophthalmologist, Anti-VEGF agents are the preferred first-line therapy in many cases, whereas laser therapy remains the gold standard for others. Neonatologists and paediatricians must be well-versed in ROP screening, risk factors, and treatment approaches to ensure optimal outcomes for preterm infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":19730,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics & child health","volume":"31 4","pages":"326-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13245153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for detection and management of hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm newborns (≥35 weeks gestational age).","authors":"Eugene Ng, Gabriel Altit, Chloe Joynt, Nicole Radziminski, Michael Narvey","doi":"10.1093/pch/pxaf034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pch/pxaf034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperbilirubinemia is a common condition and is usually benign in term and late preterm newborns. Developing a standardized approach for all newborns to prevent, identify, and manage those with clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia will minimize the potential risks of long-term neurological sequelae from acute bilirubin encephalopathy and kernicterus. This statement provides recommendations on universal screening, risk factors assessment, and approaches to hyperbilirubinemia treatment, investigations, and monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19730,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics & child health","volume":"31 5","pages":"496-526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148562561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directives de détection et de prise en charge de l'hyperbilirubinémie chez les nouveau-nés à terme et peu prématurés (à compter de 35 semaines d'âge gestationnel).","authors":"Eugene Ng, Gabriel Altit, Chloe Joynt, Nicole Radziminski, Michael Narvey","doi":"10.1093/pch/pxaf033","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pch/pxaf033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L'hyperbilirubinémie est une affection courante et généralement bénigne chez les nouveau-nés à terme et peu prématurés. La création d'une approche standardisée auprès de tous les nouveau-nés afin de prévenir, de détecter et de prendre en charge ceux qui sont atteints d'une hyperbilirubinémie importante sur le plan clinique permettra de limiter les risques de séquelles neurologiques à long terme de l'encéphalopathie bilirubinique aiguë ou de l'ictère nucléaire. Le présent document de principes contient des recommandations sur le dépistage universel, l'évaluation des facteurs de risque et les approches du traitement, des examens et de la surveillance de l'hyperbilirubinémie.</p>","PeriodicalId":19730,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics & child health","volume":"31 5","pages":"511-526"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148606087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatrician perspectives and experiences accessing language interpretation services in Paediatric healthcare settings: a POPCORN network qualitative descriptive study.","authors":"Haowen Kari Guo, Ji Yoon Kim, Palak Desai, Mariane Saroufim, Maryam Parvez, Francine Buchanan, Matthew Carwana, Carrie Costello, Carla Southward, Shazeen Suleman, Gita Wahi, Caroline Quach, Manish Sadarangani, Marianne Rufiange, Patricia S Fontela, Peter J Gill, Samina Ali, Thierry Lacaze-Masmonteil, Ananya Banerjee, Patricia Li","doi":"10.1093/pch/pxag019","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pch/pxag019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Language inaccessibility can perpetuate inequities in health outcomes, service utilization, and patient and caregiver satisfaction in paediatric care. The use of professionally trained interpreters through language interpretation services (LIS) is associated with improved safety and health outcomes, but barriers to accessing LIS persist. Paediatricians' perspectives and experiences are critical to understand how LIS is accessed and could be improved to enhance paediatric care for linguistically diverse populations. Accordingly, we sought to explore paediatricians' experiences accessing LIS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative descriptive study was conducted among paediatricians working within children's hospitals across Canada. Semi-structured interviews were conducted from July 2023 to January 2024, continuing until data saturation was reached. We analyzed the interview data employing thematic analysis guided by the Levesque Framework for healthcare access.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We interviewed 20 paediatricians from 12 of 16 Canadian children's hospitals. All hospitals had some form of LIS (in person or remote), with increased access to remote interpreters since the COVID-19 pandemic. All participants identified the existence, availability, and importance of LIS. They understood the necessity of LIS to facilitate clear communication as part of providing holistic and equitable healthcare. Barriers, including lack of timely services, paediatrician compensation, training, and standardization, persist. Paediatricians suggested measures such as enhanced training and ongoing investments to improve access to interpreters, thereby enhancing equitable healthcare and promoting inclusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Canadian paediatricians identified continued barriers, and the need for increased training and clear policies to standardize language need identification and LIS use. Continuous investment and quality improvement are also needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19730,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics & child health","volume":"31 5","pages":"467-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148606085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inductive content analysis of behavioural sleep information in Canadian online infant sleep resources.","authors":"Tai-Lin Michon, Samira Kheirdariyar, Adrienne Vandenberg, Rachael Ilesanmi, Niki Soroush-Asghari, Malka Hershon, Michelle Ly, Marie-Hélène Pennestri, Elizabeth Keys","doi":"10.1093/pch/pxag018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pch/pxag018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To conduct an inductive content analysis of publicly available online resources to describe existing content provided by Canadian government and social service health organizations for parents of infants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online resources were obtained as part of a larger environmental scan on Canadian infant sleep information. Inclusion criteria required that English or French written resources focused on sleep in infants under 2 years, be created by a Canadian governmental or health service organization and include behavioural infant sleep information. Resources were independently coded by two research assistants using inductive content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 51 resources were identified, with most being in English (<i>n</i> = 45, 88.24%). Most resources contained information on developing a bedtime routine (<i>n</i> = 41, 80.39%), feeding (<i>n</i> = 44, 86.27%), and infant sleep patterns and needs (<i>n</i> = 48, 94.12%). Information on sleep patterns and needs mainly focused on age-specific sleep considerations. Information on individual and family considerations and the causes of sleep difficulties and disruptions were less common.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This content analysis demonstrated that the majority of content on infant sleep from Canadian government and social service organizations is related to age-specific sleep patterns and/or infant feeding. Less information is available on how parents can influence infant sleep (particularly when experiencing difficulties with infant sleep), individual and family considerations (especially on cultural considerations and family well-being), and causes of sleep difficulties. Future research and resource development could address potential knowledge gaps by using community co-design and collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19730,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics & child health","volume":"31 4","pages":"299-309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13245155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic complex conditions and functional limitations among Métis children in Alberta, Canada: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Jesus Serrano-Lomelin, Reagan Bartel, Ashton Anderson, Kelsey Bradburn, Claire Cordingley, Susan Crawford, Jeffrey A Bakal, Amy Colquhoun, Anne Hicks, Matthew Hicks, Manoj Kumar, Rhonda J Rosychuk, Alvaro Osornio-Vargas, Radha Chari, Maria B Ospina","doi":"10.1093/pch/pxag027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pch/pxag027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the epidemiology of complex chronic conditions (CCC) and functional limitations (FL) among Métis children in Alberta, and to examine associated maternal and neonatal factors, health care utilization, and medication prescriptions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative health data for all singleton livebirths to Métis mothers in Alberta between 2006 and 2016, followed from birth until age 10, death, or 2019. Period prevalence of CCC and FL were calculated as percentages. Age-related adjusted incidence rates (aIR), and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for maternal/neonatal factors, health care utilization and medication prescriptions were estimated in regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 7853 Métis children, the prevalence of CCC was 13.7% (95% CI 13.0, 14.5) and FL was 4.0% (95% CI 3.6, 4.4). The highest aIRs occurred during the first year of life: 95.7 cases/1000 person-years (95% CI 88.6, 102.7) for CCC and 11.6 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 8.7, 14.5) for FL. Most common CCC were prematurity/neonatal, neoplasms, and cardiovascular, while most common FL were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, language disorder, and respiratory congenital malformations. Incidence rates were 30% higher for CCC and 40% higher for FL in urban versus rural areas. Métis children with any CCC or FL had 40% higher health care utilization and received 70% more medication prescriptions than those without these conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The burden and early onset of chronic and complex conditions among Métis children highlight the need for continued monitoring and evaluation of medical services to ensure responsive and equitable care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19730,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics & child health","volume":"31 5","pages":"487-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148606031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of point-of-care ultrasonography in the NICU: A Canadian perspective.","authors":"Michael Narvey, Nina Stein, Yasser Elsayed","doi":"10.1093/pch/pxaf106","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pch/pxaf106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is an adjunctive, portable clinical assessment tool that in the hands of trained clinicians can support differential diagnosis, clarify therapeutic options, and improve key procedures. For emergent situations in the neonatal intensive care unit, POCUS can save lives when used for real-time assessment of cardiac tamponade, pleural effusions, and pneumothorax. As interest in this modality grows, formal training fellowships in both emergency medicine and intensive care have emerged in Canada, and many North American institutions are beginning to integrate POCUS into practice. This statement discusses the current state of neonatal POCUS, including challenges to implementation, offers a pathway for educational programming, and provides guidance on use with particular focus on diagnostic and procedural applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19730,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics & child health","volume":"31 5","pages":"527-537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148606058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and clinical management of paediatric emergency presentations of anaphylaxis in Alberta.","authors":"Nana Owusu M Essel, Hafeez Nathoo, Esther H Yang, Brian H Rowe","doi":"10.1093/pch/pxag026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/pch/pxag026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Anaphylaxis represents a growing burden on emergency services worldwide; however, long-term paediatric trends are poorly understood. This study examined the incidence, clinical features, management, and outcomes of paediatric emergency department (ED) presentations for anaphylaxis in a western Canadian province and forecasted future visit rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based retrospective cohort study used linked administrative health data for all paediatric (<18 years) ED presentations for anaphylaxis in Alberta, between 2004 and 2024. Temporal trends were assessed with time-series models and logistic regression identified factors for hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over the study period, 11,012 anaphylaxis visits were identified (median age 8 years [IQR, 3 to 14]; 57.9% male). Food was the most common trigger (71.1%), although nearly 1 in 4 had no clear cause. The incidence of anaphylaxis ED visits quadrupled, from ∼25 per 100,000 in 2004/05 to 113 per 100,000 in 2023/24, with forecasts projecting a continued rise. Epinephrine was administered in 41.9% of ED encounters and 19.5% of ambulance transports. Hospitalization was infrequent (3.7%); however, it was significantly associated with higher triage acuity (aOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.90), higher comorbidity scores (aOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.17 to 1.48), and drug-related triggers (aOR = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.60 to 3.75). Females had a significantly higher and earlier risk of 30-day ED revisit for anaphylaxis (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Paediatric presentations to Alberta EDs for anaphylaxis have quadrupled and are forecasted to continue increasing. First-line epinephrine is severely underutilized, especially prehospital. Further studies are needed to identify factors underlying the observed sex differences and upward trajectories and bridge potential system and policy gaps in \"Epi-Care.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":19730,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics & child health","volume":"31 5","pages":"477-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148606020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National surveillance for new cases of fetal alcohol spectrum - a fictional clinical vignette.","authors":"Adam Probert, Sabrina Eliason, Christine Loock","doi":"10.1093/pch/pxag023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxag023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19730,"journal":{"name":"Paediatrics & child health","volume":"31 4","pages":"313-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13245170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}