New Astronomy Reviews最新文献_第9页

The terrestrial record of Late Heavy Bombardment 晚期重轰炸的陆地记录

IF 6 2区物理与天体物理

New Astronomy Reviews Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2018.03.002

Donald R. Lowe , Gary R. Byerly

{"title":"The terrestrial record of Late Heavy Bombardment","authors":"Donald R. Lowe , Gary R. Byerly","doi":"10.1016/j.newar.2018.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.newar.2018.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Until recently, the known impact record of the early Solar System lay exclusively on the surfaces of the Moon, Mars, and other bodies where it has not been erased by later weathering, erosion, impact gardening, and/or tectonism. Study of the cratered surfaces of these bodies led to the concept of the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB), an interval from about 4.1 to 3.8 billion years ago (Ga) during which the surfaces of the planets and moons in the inner Solar System were subject to unusually high rates of bombardment followed by a decline to present low impact rates by about 3.5 Ga. Over the past 30 years, however, it has become apparent that there is a terrestrial record of large impacts from at least 3.47 to 3.22 Ga and from 2.63 to 2.49 Ga. The present paper explores the earlier of these impact records, providing details about the nature of the 8 known ejecta layers that constitute the evidence for large terrestrial impacts during the earlier of these intervals, the inferred size of the impactors, and the potential effects of these impacts on crustal development and life. The existence of this record implies that LHB did not end abruptly at 3.8–3.7 Ga but rather that high impact rates, either continuous or as impact clusters, persisted until at least the close of the Archean at 2.5 Ga. It implies that the shift from external, impact-related controls on the long-term development of the surface system on the Earth to more internal, geodynamic controls may have occurred much later in geologic history than has been supposed previously.</div>","PeriodicalId":19718,"journal":{"name":"New Astronomy Reviews","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 39-61"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.newar.2018.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81357292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 30

Star clusters in evolving galaxies 演化星系中的星团

IF 6 2区物理与天体物理

New Astronomy Reviews Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2018.03.001

Florent Renaud

{"title":"Star clusters in evolving galaxies","authors":"Florent Renaud","doi":"10.1016/j.newar.2018.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.newar.2018.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Their ubiquity and extreme densities make star clusters probes of prime importance of galaxy evolution. Old globular clusters keep imprints of the physical conditions of their assembly in the early Universe, and younger stellar objects, observationally resolved, tell us about the mechanisms at stake in their formation. Yet, we still do not understand the diversity involved: why is star cluster formation limited to 105M⊙ objects in the Milky Way, while some dwarf galaxies like NGC 1705 are able to produce clusters 10 times more massive? Why do dwarfs generally host a higher specific frequency of clusters than larger galaxies? How to connect the present-day, often resolved, stellar systems to the formation of globular clusters at high redshift? And how do these links depend on the galactic and cosmological environments of these clusters? In this review, I present recent advances on star cluster formation and evolution, in galactic and cosmological context. The emphasis is put on the theory, formation scenarios and the effects of the environment on the evolution of the global properties of clusters. A few open questions are identified.</div>","PeriodicalId":19718,"journal":{"name":"New Astronomy Reviews","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 1-38"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.newar.2018.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82214151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

The State-of-Play of Anomalous Microwave Emission (AME) research 异常微波发射(AME)研究现状

IF 6 2区物理与天体物理

New Astronomy Reviews Pub Date : 2018-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2018.02.001

Clive Dickinson , Y. Ali-Haïmoud , A. Barr , E.S. Battistelli , A. Bell , L. Bernstein , S. Casassus , K. Cleary , B.T. Draine , R. Génova-Santos , S.E. Harper , B. Hensley , J. Hill-Valler , Thiem Hoang , F.P. Israel , L. Jew , A. Lazarian , J.P. Leahy , J. Leech , C.H. López-Caraballo , Matias Vidal

{"title":"The State-of-Play of Anomalous Microwave Emission (AME) research","authors":"Clive Dickinson , Y. Ali-Haïmoud , A. Barr , E.S. Battistelli , A. Bell , L. Bernstein , S. Casassus , K. Cleary , B.T. Draine , R. Génova-Santos , S.E. Harper , B. Hensley , J. Hill-Valler , Thiem Hoang , F.P. Israel , L. Jew , A. Lazarian , J.P. Leahy , J. Leech , C.H. López-Caraballo , Matias Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.newar.2018.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.newar.2018.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Anomalous Microwave Emission (AME) is a component of diffuse Galactic radiation observed at frequencies in the range  ≈ 10–60 GHz. AME was first detected in 1996 and recognised as an additional component of emission in 1997. Since then, AME has been observed by a range of experiments and in a variety of environments. AME is spatially correlated with far-IR thermal dust emission but cannot be explained by synchrotron or free–free emission mechanisms, and is far in excess of the emission contributed by thermal dust emission with the power-law opacity consistent with the observed emission at sub-mm wavelengths. Polarization observations have shown that AME is very weakly polarized ( ≲ 1 %). The most natural explanation for AME is rotational emission from ultra-small dust grains (“spinning dust”), first postulated in 1957. Magnetic dipole radiation from thermal fluctuations in the magnetization of magnetic grain materials may also be contributing to the AME, particularly at higher frequencies ( ≳ 50 GHz). AME is also an important foreground for Cosmic Microwave Background analyses. This paper presents a review and the current state-of-play in AME research, which was discussed in an AME workshop held at ESTEC, The Netherlands, June 2016.</div>","PeriodicalId":19718,"journal":{"name":"New Astronomy Reviews","volume":"80 ","pages":"Pages 1-28"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.newar.2018.02.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78784306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53

The Chandra deep fields: Lifting the veil on distant active galactic nuclei and X-ray emitting galaxies 钱德拉深场:揭开遥远活动星系核和x射线发射星系的面纱

IF 6 2区物理与天体物理

New Astronomy Reviews Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2017.09.002

Y.Q. Xue

引用次数: 38

Constraining the pitch angle of the galactic spiral arms in the Milky Way 限制银河系旋臂的俯仰角

IF 6 2区物理与天体物理

New Astronomy Reviews Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2017.09.001

Jacques P. Vallée

引用次数: 26

Paving the way to simultaneous multi-wavelength astronomy 为同时多波长天文学铺平了道路

IF 6 2区物理与天体物理

New Astronomy Reviews Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2017.07.002

M.J. Middleton, P. Casella, P. Gandhi, E. Bozzo, G. Anderson, N. Degenaar, I. Donnarumma, G. Israel, C. Knigge, A. Lohfink, S. Markoff, T. Marsh, N. Rea, S. Tingay, K. Wiersema, D. Altamirano, D. Bhattacharya, W.N. Brandt, S. Carey, P. Charles, P. Woudt

引用次数: 12

The science case for simultaneous mm-wavelength receivers in radio astronomy 射电天文学中同时使用毫米波长接收器的科学案例

IF 6 2区物理与天体物理

New Astronomy Reviews Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2017.09.003

Richard Dodson , María J. Rioja , Taehyun Jung , José L. Goméz , Valentin Bujarrabal , Luca Moscadelli , James C.A. Miller-Jones , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Gregory R. Sivakoff

{"title":"The science case for simultaneous mm-wavelength receivers in radio astronomy","authors":"Richard Dodson , María J. Rioja , Taehyun Jung , José L. Goméz , Valentin Bujarrabal , Luca Moscadelli , James C.A. Miller-Jones , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Gregory R. Sivakoff","doi":"10.1016/j.newar.2017.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.newar.2017.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>This review arose from the European Radio Astronomy Technical Forum (ERATec) meeting held in Firenze, October 2015, and aims to highlight the breadth and depth of the high-impact science that will be aided and assisted by the use of simultaneous mm-wavelength receivers.Recent results and opportunities are presented and discussed from the fields of: continuum VLBI (observations of weak sources, astrometry, observations of AGN cores in spectral index and Faraday rotation), spectral line VLBI (observations of evolved stars and massive star-forming regions) and time domain observations of the flux variations arising in the compact jets of X-ray binaries.Our survey brings together a large range of important science applications, which will greatly benefit from simultaneous observing at mm-wavelengths. Such facilities are essential to allow these applications to become more efficient, more sensitive and more scientifically robust. In some cases without simultaneous receivers the science goals are simply unachievable. Similar benefits would exist in many other high frequency astronomical fields of research.</div>","PeriodicalId":19718,"journal":{"name":"New Astronomy Reviews","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 85-102"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.newar.2017.09.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76405311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Neutrino-dominated accretion flows as the central engine of gamma-ray bursts 中微子主导的吸积流是伽马射线爆发的中心引擎

IF 6 2区物理与天体物理

New Astronomy Reviews Pub Date : 2017-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2017.07.001

Tong Liu , Wei-Min Gu , Bing Zhang

{"title":"Neutrino-dominated accretion flows as the central engine of gamma-ray bursts","authors":"Tong Liu , Wei-Min Gu , Bing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.newar.2017.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.newar.2017.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Neutrino-dominated accretion flows (NDAFs) around rotating stellar-mass black holes (BHs) are plausible candidates for the central engines of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). NDAFs are hyperaccretion disks with accretion rates in the range of around 0.001–10 <math><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mo>⊙</mo></msub><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo></mrow></math> which have high density and temperature and therefore are extremely optically thick and geometrically slim or even thick. We review the theoretical progresses in studying the properties of NDAFs as well as their applications to the GRB phenomenology. The topics include: the steady radial and vertical structure of NDAFs and the implications for calculating neutrino luminosity and annihilation luminosity, jet power due to neutrino-antineutrino annihilation and Blandford–Znajek mechanism and their dependences on parameters such as BH mass, spin, and accretion rate, time evolution of NDAFs, effect of magnetic fields, applications of NDAF theories to the GRB phenomenology such as lightcurve variability, extended emission, X-ray flares, kilonovae, etc., as well as probing NDAFs using multi-messenger signals such as MeV neutrinos and gravitational waves.</div>","PeriodicalId":19718,"journal":{"name":"New Astronomy Reviews","volume":"79 ","pages":"Pages 1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.newar.2017.07.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90329242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 86

Active galactic nuclei horizons from the gamma-ray perspective 伽玛射线视角下的活动星系核视界

IF 6 2区物理与天体物理

New Astronomy Reviews Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2017.06.001

Andrew M. Taylor

引用次数: 2

The formation of stellar black holes 恒星黑洞的形成

IF 6 2区物理与天体物理

New Astronomy Reviews Pub Date : 2017-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2017.04.002

Félix Mirabel

{"title":"The formation of stellar black holes","authors":"Félix Mirabel","doi":"10.1016/j.newar.2017.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.newar.2017.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>It is believed that stellar black holes (BHs) can be formed in two different ways: Either a massive star collapses directly into a BH without a supernova (SN) explosion, or an explosion occurs in a proto-neutron star, but the energy is too low to completely unbind the stellar envelope, and a large fraction of it falls back onto the short-lived neutron star (NS), leading to the delayed formation of a BH. Theoretical models set progenitor masses for BH formation by implosion, namely, by complete or almost complete collapse, but observational evidences have been elusive. Here are reviewed the observational insights on BHs formed by implosion without large natal kicks from: (1) the kinematics in three dimensions of space of five Galactic BH X-ray binaries (BH-XRBs), (2) the diversity of optical and infrared observations of massive stars that collapse in the dark, with no luminous SN explosions, possibly leading to the formation of BHs, and (3) the sources of gravitational waves (GWs) produced by mergers of stellar BHs so far detected with LIGO. Multiple indications of BH formation without ejection of a significant amount of matter and with no natal kicks obtained from these different areas of observational astrophysics, and the recent observational confirmation of the expected dependence of BH formation on metallicity and redshift, are qualitatively consistent with the high merger rates of binary black holes (BBHs) inferred from the first detections with LIGO.</div>","PeriodicalId":19718,"journal":{"name":"New Astronomy Reviews","volume":"78 ","pages":"Pages 1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.newar.2017.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79908177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40