Wetlands Australia Journal最新文献

{"title":"Trace metal distributions in two saltmarsh substrates, Illawarra region, New South Wales","authors":"G. S. Ohmsen, B. E. Chenhall, B. Jones","doi":"10.31646/WA.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/WA.156","url":null,"abstract":"The vertical and lateral distributions of Pb, Cu, Zn and Fe in the substrates of two saltmarshes, 3 and 14km respectively, from the heavy industrial centre of Port Kembla have been determined. Particulate matter within the sediment reflects the differing contribution to each site from this point source, which is highlighted by the presence of up to 70% of anthropogenic components in the finer sediment in the saltmarsh at Purry Burry Point. The particulate material derived from industrial and pyrometallurgical processes has previously been assumed to be inert in the surrounding environment. However, in the intertidal zone occupied by the saltmarshes, the redox conditions of the substrate exert a major control over the distribution of both trace metals and diagenetic iron mineralogy. The distribution of Fe in the substrates at both sites is strongly controlled by redox conditions, with the secondary Fe oxides akageneite (β-FeOOH) and goethite (α-FeOOH) developing in response to oxidising conditions, whereas pyrite and marcasite are stable under reducing conditions. Redox values also probably influence the distribution of trace mentals, with zinc profiles from Purry Burry Point showing peaks in concentration in response to redox boundaries within the substrate. Lead and copper are less responsive, indicating these trace metals may be contained in relatively inert phases such as slag.","PeriodicalId":197128,"journal":{"name":"Wetlands Australia Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124840052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of nutrient enrichment upon mangrove seedling establishment and growth in the Hawkesbury River Estuary, New South Wales, Australia","authors":"N. Saintilan","doi":"10.31646/WA.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/WA.249","url":null,"abstract":"The hypothesis that mangrove exclusion from saltmarsh is attributable to nutrient deficiency is experimentally tested on the Hawkesbury River estuary. Survivorship and growth of seedlings of the grey mangrove Avicennia marina were followed for a sixteen month period, in an experiment in which half of all seedlings were treated with a slow-releasing source of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. While fertilisation substantially increased growth rate, this occurred in the second summer of growth and fertilisation did not improve the low survivorship of A. Marina at the mangrove-saltmarsh boundary. Fertilisation has no influence on the root/shoot ratio where measured. It is postulated that factors other than nutrient deficiency are primarily responsible for determining the upslope distribution of mangroves in temperate Australian estuaries.","PeriodicalId":197128,"journal":{"name":"Wetlands Australia Journal","volume":"6 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121936796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in populations of waterbirds on a wetland following water storage","authors":"S. Briggs, P. Hodgson, P. Ewin","doi":"10.31646/WA.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/WA.161","url":null,"abstract":"Toombullen was an intermittently flooded wetland near the Murrumbidgee River in southern inland New South Wales. In 1980 it was converted to an off-river storage. In the decade following impoundment, waterbirds at Tombullen showed a range of responses to permanent inundation. Abundances of Australia pelican, little pied cormorant, great cormorant, yellow-billed spoonbill, black swan, grey teal, maned duck, great crested grebe, Australasian grebe, freckled duck, Eurasian coot, great egret, little egret and intermediate egret decreased. Numbers of Pacific heron and straw-necked ibis increased, while Australia darter, little black comorant, Pacific black duck, Australian white ibis and royal spoonbill did not show consistent trends in abundance. The death of permanently inundated red gums coincided with cessation of egrets breeding and enhanced breeding of Pacific herons. Permanent impoundment of water in Tombullen disadvantaged most species, did not affect a few, had positive impacts on two species of waterbird and reduced species diversity.","PeriodicalId":197128,"journal":{"name":"Wetlands Australia Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114899827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flight behaivour and collision mortality of waterbirds flying across electricity transmission lines adjacent to the Shortland Wetlands, Newcastle, NSW","authors":"G. Winning, M. Murray","doi":"10.31646/WA.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/WA.184","url":null,"abstract":"Bird flight behaviour and collision mortality of waterbird species flying across 330kV electricity transmission lines situated adjacent to the Shortland Wetlands were investigated. The study was conducted over two breeding seasons (1990-91 and 1991-92) during the period of peak flight intensity, when large numbers of four egret species breed and large numbers of ibis roost within the Shortland Wetlands. The study involved observations of flight behaviour of birds flying in the vicinity of, or crossing the transmission lines, and ground searches for dead birds. A total of 77 collisions with the transimission lines were observed during the study. The mean observed collision rate was 0.53 per 1000 flights. The mean mortality rate from observed collisions was low, 0.004 per 1000 flights. The mortality rate that was inferred from the number of dead or injured waterbirds located during ground searches was an order of magnitude higher, 0.04 mortalities per 1000 flights. Factors contributing to collisions are discussed, and the two sampling approaches are compared.","PeriodicalId":197128,"journal":{"name":"Wetlands Australia Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130617132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cautionary tale: a study of the macro bivalve and gastropod molluscan fauna of Spectacle Island, Sydney Harbour","authors":"M. Keats","doi":"10.31646/WA.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/WA.187","url":null,"abstract":"Located in the Parramatta, Sydney Harbour, about 10 kilometres upstream from South Head, Spectacle Island today is a broadly equilateral triangular shaped man-modified outcrop of Hawkesbury sandstone and filled ground. Almost equidistant from Pulpit Rock to the NNW 400 metres, Cockatoo Island to the E 300metres, Drummoyne Peninsula to the SW 300 metres, and Snapper Island to the SE 400 metres, of the original outline of the island only fragments remain. There are the rock platforms and beaches at the NE extremity and the SE corner. It is a very different island today to that sighted by Captain (later Governor) John Hunter and First Lieutenant William Bradley of HMS Sirius, on 3 February, 1788. \u0000 \u0000The first description is that of John Hunter, who was undertaking exploration work for Governor Arthur Phillip, and decided to camp on Spectacle Island that night due to the presence on the mainland of large numbers of “natives”, many of whom had never seen a white man. Hunter writes in his diary: “It was a fairly unattractive place: ... two flat rock platforms, covered with scrub and divided by an isthmus 55 yards. The total area was less than 2 acres.”","PeriodicalId":197128,"journal":{"name":"Wetlands Australia Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130140715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mangrove environments of the Mary River","authors":"N. Saintilan","doi":"10.31646/WA.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/WA.193","url":null,"abstract":"The Mary River of South-East Queensland forms a large and relatively unstudied tidal estuary which exhibits a wide range of mangrove environments. Mangrove habitats are described as a series of geomorphic units, and the assemblages of mangroves occupying these geomorphic units are described.","PeriodicalId":197128,"journal":{"name":"Wetlands Australia Journal","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123038783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratification in acidified coastal floodplain drains","authors":"J. Sammut, I. White, M. Melville","doi":"10.31646/WA.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/WA.162","url":null,"abstract":"Holocene sediments containing significant concentrations of iron pyrite and widespread throughout coastal lowlands in eastern and northern Australia. Drainage works and flood mitigation structures have augmented the accumulation and outflow of highly acidic soil-, surface- and groundwaters. These drainage waters have high concentrations of dissolved aluminium and iron. In this work we report physical, chemical and ecological changes within drainage channels caused by altered hydrology. Unusual stratification in an acidified drain during a dry period is described. Salt stratification in a reach of the drainage occurs due to the upstream migration of a salt wedge because of leakage of brackish water through floodgates. Drainwater transparency is uncharacteristically high because of aluminium-induced flocculation. This leads to increased penetration of solar radiation. Heating of the saline bottom layers then occurs, such that the temperature at the base of the drain can be more than 5.0 degrees Celsius higher than the surface. Similarly, pH often shows a stepped increased with depth in the salt-affected reach due to acid-neutralisation and displacement by the salt wedge. Dissolved oxygen maxima also occur at depth and appear to be related to high photosynthetic output of dissolved oxygen from submerged waterlilies (Nymphaea gigantea and N. caerulea ssp. zanzibarensis) are acid-tolerant and occur in high densities at acidified sites where more than 95% of their leaf cover is submerged. The dissolved oxygen profile resembles a positive heterograde curve which has only previously been reported in clear lakes and ponds densely colonised by benthic macrophytes. The stratification increases the risk of sub-lethal acid exposure and gas embolism in fish. It also encourages excessive waterlily growth, and may affect the establishment of other macrophytes. Increased waterlily biomass, associated with clear acidified water, accumulates nutrients which are subsequently released when the waterlilies die during floods. This causes catastrophic drops in dissolved oxygen concentration. A flood caused destratification of clear acidified water must be considered in the design of water quality sampling programs so that water quality differences that can occur with depth are not overlooked.","PeriodicalId":197128,"journal":{"name":"Wetlands Australia Journal","volume":"516 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133001897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of mangroves in Brisbane Water, Gosford, New South Wales","authors":"C. Harty","doi":"10.31646/WA.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/WA.163","url":null,"abstract":"The management of mangroves in Brisbane Water is currently being given high priority by Gosford City Council. Mangroves have often been regarded as wastelands fit only for reclamation, drainage and development. However, they are not being recognised as vital components of estuary and wetland ecology with both direct and indirect environmental benefits to humans. \u0000 \u0000Mangroves are threatened by processes which can be controlled and regulated via informed and effective management. Currently two processes are being used to plan for the management of mangroves within Brisbane Water. One is an overall policy based approached using a Plan of Management for the total estuary. The second approach is specific management of mangroves and other coastal wetlands within Brisbane through the implementation of the Brisbane Water Wetland Management Study. \u0000 \u0000Both of these planning and management approaches are supported by Council and are being undertaken by two committees with broad membership from Council, government departments and the local community.","PeriodicalId":197128,"journal":{"name":"Wetlands Australia Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129219905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remapping of SEPP 14 wetlands in the Shoalhaven district","authors":"Kerrylee Rogers, N. Saintilan","doi":"10.31646/WA.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/WA.235","url":null,"abstract":"A photogrammetric survey of SEPP 14 coastal wetlands within the Shoalhaven City Council area from aerial photographs dating 1981 and 1997 revealed significant changes in wetland extent. Differences were frequently related to temporal changes in wetland extent due to environmental factors and development. A number of wetlands were not identified as coastal wetland in the original SEPP 14 mapping were identified. The most significant of these is within the Currambene Creek estuary and was later gazetted following an amendment to SEPP 14. Given the changes in wetland extent since SEPP 14 was gazetted and the omission of several wetlands from SEPP 14 ligislation, it may now be appropriate to review SEPP 14 boundaries using current image processing and GIS based technologies. Furthermore, wetland boundary delineation would be enhanced as current technology has a higher order of accuracy and can incorporate buffer zones into mapping if appropriate.","PeriodicalId":197128,"journal":{"name":"Wetlands Australia Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131687597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometry and stratification of the Bents Basin scour pool, Nepean River, NSW","authors":"L. Turner, W. Erskine","doi":"10.31646/WA.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31646/WA.183","url":null,"abstract":"The Bents Basin scour pool is a large hole eroded into the bed of the Nepean River where it flows through the Lapstone Structural Complex at the downstream and of the Bents Bsin sandstone gorge. The scour pool has a surface area of 17500m², a volume of 157400m³, a mean depth of 9.0m, a maximum depth of 22.8m and is an oval-shaped cone. While the capacity-inflow ration is only 0.00054 and indicated that pool volume is very small in relation to the mean annual flow, the scour pool is not flushed for time period of up to 12 months long. Thermal stratification was measured between Mid-January and March 1996 when the thermocline was usually at a depth of 10m. Temperature differences of between 9.6 and 14.7C were measured between the surface and the bottom at times of stratification. Density differences of 2kg/m³ were calculated as a result of thermal stratification. Oxygen stratification was measured between January and April 1996 when the oxycline varied between depths of 7 and 12m. Anoxic conditions were usually recorded below the oxycline. Oxygen stratification resulted in a large increase in total phosphorus concentrations, due to the release of sediment-bound phosphorus. Cation concentration did not vary with depth. Datalogging on 6-7 March 1996 proved that both thermal and oxygen stratification persisted throughout the night. Stratification was recorded between mid-January and March/April 1996 because climatic and hydrologic conditions were not capable of generating sufficient turbulence to mix and hence destratify the scour pool. Current water quality monitoring programs on the Nepean River by government agencies are flawed because they do not sample the whole water column, only surface waters. As a result, these programs present a biased assessment of current conditions during summer.","PeriodicalId":197128,"journal":{"name":"Wetlands Australia Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115526674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}