Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Catching Cab - An Act of Fear or Compulsion? Empirical Study based on Online APP Cabs in India during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Mukta Mukherjee, Arunesh Ray","doi":"10.30958/ajhms.10-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.10-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a significant transformation in our daily commute from public transport to either personal transport or private cabs. The economic status of commuters determines whether switching from public to private mode of transport is a feasible option. This study explores the reasons behind the surge in online cab fares. The two probable reasons are the COVID-19 pandemic and public transport shortage. Additionally, the effects of weekends, dual shifts and infrastructure blockage were controlled. The results indicate that the surge in cab fares is driven by the inadequate public transport in relation to the number of commuters. The dual shifts of jobs are effective in transferring transport demand from peak to slack period. However, infrastructure blockage diminishes the effectiveness of dual shifts of jobs in transferring transport demands. The findings add to the existing literature by emphasizing the relevance of public transport for the lower income category in developing countries. Keywords: social distancing, technology, COVID-19, transport, online cab service, dual shifts","PeriodicalId":196877,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-Centered Residential Architecture in the Post-COVID Era: Exploring Developments and Significance","authors":"Georgi Stoyanov","doi":"10.30958/ajhms.10-4-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.10-4-2","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the developments and significance of human-centered residential architecture in the post-COVID era, focusing on how the pandemic has shaped architectural design better to accommodate inhabitants' evolving needs and well-being. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a comprehensive literature review, expert interviews, and case studies of innovative residential projects. The literature review highlights the fundamental principles of human-centered design, emphasizing the importance of flexibility, adaptability, and the integration of outdoor and indoor spaces. Expert interviews with architects and urban planners provide insights into the challenges and opportunities faced in developing residential projects during and after the pandemic. At the same time, case studies showcase successful examples of human-centered architecture addressing the unique demands of the post-COVID context. Results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of human-centered design principles in residential architecture, improving occupants' mental and physical health, enhancing social interactions, and promoting sustainability. Key findings reveal an increased emphasis on flexible living spaces, biophilic design elements, and technology integration to support remote work and communication. Furthermore, the study underscores the role of community-based amenities and shared spaces in fostering a sense of belonging and resilience. The research contributes to the growing knowledge of human-centered residential architecture post-COVID. It highlights the significance of addressing the changing needs of inhabitants to promote well-being and adaptability in an increasingly unpredictable world. The findings have practical implications for architects, urban planners, and policymakers designing and developing future residential projects. Keywords: human-centered design, residential architecture, post-COVID era, sustainable living","PeriodicalId":196877,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences","volume":" 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138962912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linguistic Complexity of Patient Information Leaflets: A Coh-Metrix Analysis","authors":"William Kodom Gyasi","doi":"10.30958/ajhms.10-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.10-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"The present study explored linguistic complexity of patient information leaflets based on the Coh-Metrix analytical tool. Using 100 patient information leaflets of seven common ailments in Ghana, the researcher analyzed the lexical and syntactical features of the leaflets to ascertain their linguistic complexity. The results revealed patient information leaflets are lexically dense except the leaflets for dewormer which were written at moderate level. Also, the study revealed that the patient information leaflets were syntactically complex. However, a comparative analysis of the leaflets across ailments revealed no significant difference in the syntactical and lexical densities among the leaflets. The researcher recommends that further studies be conducted in other health information documents to ascertain their linguistic complexity. Keywords: readability, lexical density, syntactical complexity, Coh-Metrix, patient information leaflets, health communication","PeriodicalId":196877,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Research Study on Comparison of Prevalence and Outcome of Maxillofacial Odontogenic Space Infection between Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients","authors":"Shahid Ali, Wares Uddin, Gupta Siddharth, Rajesh Sah","doi":"10.30958/ajhms.10-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.10-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Orofacial space infections are commonly encountered problems in dental practice. The highest prevalence is seen among South Asian population because of their negligence in seeking dental treatment. Diabetes is one of the most common systemic illnesses suppressing the immunity of individual and increasing their susceptibility to infections. Currently, immunocompromised situation (Diabetes mellitus) and space infection together leads to complexity to evaluate the overall outcome of the patients. Objective: Aim of this study is to compare the prevalence and outcome of maxillofacial odontogenic space infection between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, BSMMU and DMCH over a period of 15 Months, from June 2020 to August 2021.The selection of the patients was as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study commenced after IRB clearance. All the patients enrolled in this study after proper counseling and informed written consent. A total of 63 patients were taken and divided in to two groups on the basis of presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, Group A (diabetic): N1 number of patients and Group B (non-diabetic): N2 number of patients. Results: Majority of the patients were from BSMMU (58.73%) followed by DMCH (41.26%). Male were more commonly affected than females. Submandibular space was most commonly involved. Streptococcus was the most commonly isolated organism in non-diabetics while Klebsiella in diabetic patients. Meropenem was the most sensitive antibiotic while Amoxicillin was least sensitive antibiotic against the organisms found. This data will be helpful for future research and that will be considered baseline information for public health department. Conclusion: Prevalence of MSI was 4.33 (per thousand) in the study centers of Dhaka. Submandibular space was most common involved space in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Streptococcus was the most commonly isolated organism in non-diabetics while Klebsiellain diabetic patients. Meropenam was the most sensitive antibiotic in both group while Amoxicillin was not found sensitive on any patient in group A while least sensitive in group B. Keywords: odontogenic infection, fascial spaces, culture and antibiotic sensitivity","PeriodicalId":196877,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences","volume":"1 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study of a Pilot Smart Home Monitoring System with Older Adults Living Alone in East Midlands","authors":"Bertha MN Ochieng, Ismail Chaudhry, Carol Chamley, Dewy Nijhof, Rebecca Ochieng, Louise Rogerson, Richard Wong, Rishabh Prasad","doi":"10.30958/ajhms.10-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.10-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this project was to examine older adults and their next-of-kins’ experiences of using smart home technology. The technology unobtrusively monitors the older adult’s physical functional ability to undertake their daily activities at home. Using a case study approach, the participants comprised three family units: three older adults with a history of long-term co-morbidities and who lived alone, along with their next-of-kin (n=4). The older adults were all female aged between 72- 82 years of age, while the four next-of-kin were all females aged between 40 and 55 years of age. Participants experiences of using the smart home technology was evaluated at three- and eight-months post-installation via in-depth one-to-one interviews with the older adults and their next-of-kin. The older adults described how the smart home sensors reduced their levels of anxiety because they were ‘not feeling alone’. Likewise, their next-of-kin described how the sensors gave them an insight to their older relatives’ activities of daily living, as well as the challenges they experienced. The findings highlighted the benefit of smart home technologies in terms of helping older adults and their next-of-kin monitor their daily activities, reduce social isolation, and adopt positive health and behavioural changes. Keywords: older adults, home-sensors, functional ability, activities of daily living, intergenerational relationships","PeriodicalId":196877,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115123762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral and Emotional Problems among School Children in Tripoli, Libya: What Impact does it have on Community Public Health?","authors":"Adel M. Zeglam, Najah S. Wahra","doi":"10.30958/ajhms.10-3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.10-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to detect the prevalence of mental health problems, including behavioral and emotional difficulties among school children (6-15 years) in Tripoli, Libya as observed by their parents and teachers. Methods: The study took place in Tripoli, Libya. Data was collected over three months period between January and March 2022 from parents and teachers. The Arabic version of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ. Goodman 2002) were used. The sample size was 300 children aged between 6 and 15 years who were attending compulsory education. Four schools were randomly selected and then children were randomly sampled from each class. Parents were asked to hand over the questionnaire to their child’s teacher and collect them later. Data was analyzed to describe normative scores, bandings and cut-offs for normal, borderline and abnormal scores. Only public schools were included in the study. Results: When it came to the perception of teachers and parents, it was found that the response rate for parents and teachers were almost the same only 245 questionnaires were returned (134 male and 111 female) giving a response rate of 81.6%. out of these, 208, both the parents and teacher questionnaires were returned (84.8%),26 filled in only the parents' questionnaires (10.6%), and 11 returned only the teacher’s questionnaire (4.4%). TEACHERS rated their pupils consistently as showing difficulties in all areas with (23.0 %) of the children considered to be displaying abnormal behavior (Total Difficulties Score). The highest proportion of abnormal behavior was for peer relation (17.0%) and conduct problems (18.0%). PARENTS rated their children as having fewer problems than rated by teachers, but rates were still high with (15%) of the children receiving total difficulty scores in the abnormal band. The most problematic areas as assessed by parents were peer relations (29%) followed by emotion problems (22%). Conclusion: Parent SDQs revealed high rates of children with conduct, emotional and peer problems falling above the 90th centile established in the UK sample. Teachers SDQs revealed higher rates of children with conduct problems. Comparison with UK and Egypt data showed abnormal total difficulties score of 11.9% which is a bit higher than UK (10.1%) but lower than that of Egypt (20.6%). Much greater investment in child mental health care is needed. More efforts are needed to identify those children and decide what we can usefully do to help the many-not only the few. Keywords: Tripoli, Libya, behavioral problems, school children, SDQ, mental health","PeriodicalId":196877,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128373578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity for the Treatment of Phantom Limb Pain","authors":"Ingrid Brenner, Alex Jalsevac, Kirsten Woodend","doi":"10.30958/ajhms.10-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.10-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"Phantom limb pain (PLP) is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon whereby individuals with an amputation feel intermittent pain or discomfort where the limb used to be. Although there is no specific treatment for PLP, research suggests that participation in regular physical activity may reduce PLP symptoms. This study was designed to examine the relationship between PLP and regular physical activity. Nine lower-limb amputees (18 to 80 years) volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were recruited from online support groups and were invited to complete a Qualtrics survey. Questions regarding time since amputation, PLP symptoms, prior treatments and involvement in physical activity were asked. Most volunteers participated in some form of physical activity but noted they were either unsure or did not have a reduction in the duration of their PLP episodes. However, participation in regular physical activity did lead to a reduction in the intensity and frequency of PLP. Combining physical activity with other treatments did not alter the experience of PLP. These results indicate that health care providers (HCPs) should encourage patients with lower-limb amputations to participate in regular physical activity to maintain and promote physical health and as an intervention to reduce the intensity of PLP. Keywords: amputees, phantom limb pain, treatment, physical activity, exercise","PeriodicalId":196877,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130733429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Most Important Factors Affecting the Egyptian Family’s Choice of the Ideal Number of Children in the Light of the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey","authors":"Mohamed Elkhouli","doi":"10.30958/ajhms.10-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.10-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose – This study aimed to identify the most important factors affecting the desire of Egyptian families to have ≤ 2 Child as a targeted situation in line with the national and global trends for replacement rates of 2.1 children for each family, and thus can provide various information and results supporting the decision-makers and planners at the demographic and development level in Egypt. Taking in the account that this paper also supports shaping the future populations strategies in preparation for supporting sustainable development opportunities to improve the demographic situation about the concept of ideal number of children in Egypt, as well as providing the suitable recommendations and proposals as points and areas for improvement of the current situation affecting access to achieving the Egyptian desires about targeting two children or less for each family. This study has pursued to support the officials and planners in various areas of comprehensive development, especially in light of what Egypt is facing from the aggravation of the population issue in relevance to the high population growth, as the number of Egypt’s population rose from 72.8 million according to the 2006 census, then to 94.8 million in the 2017 census, and to 101.5 million population on 1 January 2021, an increase of 7.1 million people over the last census data, (51.5% males, 48.5% females), and the gender ratio was 106.1 males for every 100 females. So, this represented a direct threat to economic development that Egypt recently started to achieve a qualitative leap in the economy. The average ideal number of children amounted for 3.4 children per woman and slightly differ by family's residence, whereas it was generally higher for Upper Egypt governorates, as well as the urban governorates have somewhat gap to have one child compared to the desire of having two children that it was noticeable in Alexandria governorate in which there was 1.7 wanted births per woman compared to 2.7 mean ideal numbers of children. Thence, the study will aim to present which factors affecting the Egyptian family’s choice the ideal number of children (two children per women according to the national objective of Egypt) to become Future-Proof towards supporting the SDGs in Egypt. Design/methodology/ approach – The study was adopted a descriptive and analytical approaches which focused on the data collected by the Egyptian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) survey in 2015. This sample used by the current study is considered an indirect source that is nationally representing the Egyptian households in which were selected using a multistage sampling technique in terms of this survey consisted of 16671 family in which were interviewed randomly. To achieve the planned objectives of this study, the sample of the 2015 EDHS survey of the Egyptian families was divided into two main groups according to the dependent variable (the desire of the family for the ideal number of children) where the first","PeriodicalId":196877,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences","volume":"54 43","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131603375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Income Inequality, Health Outcomes and Financial Crisis: Novel Evidence","authors":"Constantinos Alexiou","doi":"10.30958/ajhms.10-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.10-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"This study revisits the existing relationship between income inequality and population health by subjecting it to a battery of empirical testing using different measures of inequality and health outcomes for 33 high-income OECD countries. Apart from the impact of macroeconomic covariates we also explore the effect of the global financial crisis (2007/8) on health outcomes. For the empirical investigation we have adopted panel cointegration analysis to obtain long-run estimates that are free of endogeneity bias. For robustness we also adopt a panel quantile regression (QR) in an attempt to provide a more detailed picture of the underlying relationships at several points of the conditional distribution. We find that in the long run, income inequality affects adversely population health which is also confirmed by the quantile estimates. The causal dimension however is more ambiguous whilst the global financial crisis is found to have an insignificant impact on health outcomes. Keywords: population health, income inequality, infant mortality, life expectancy, financial crisis","PeriodicalId":196877,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129004420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical Analysis of Obesity Determinants and Prevalence – The Case of Canada","authors":"S. Malla, Solomon Akowuah, K. Klein","doi":"10.30958/ajhms.10-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.10-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity has recently developed into a global epidemic. This study follows an integrated approach of examining the determinants and prevalence of obesity in Canada. A multimethod analysis revealed that almost two-thirds of Canadians are overweight or obese. It was found that males, the aged, the married, the less educated, physically inactive people, and people with poor self-rated health have increased probability of being overweight/ obese. Several regulatory policy options which could reduce the incidence of obesity and, in turn, increase social welfare and individual well-being are discussed. Keywords: obesity, determinants, prevalence, government policies and regulations","PeriodicalId":196877,"journal":{"name":"Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132314808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}