A Research Study on Comparison of Prevalence and Outcome of Maxillofacial Odontogenic Space Infection between Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Background: Orofacial space infections are commonly encountered problems in dental practice. The highest prevalence is seen among South Asian population because of their negligence in seeking dental treatment. Diabetes is one of the most common systemic illnesses suppressing the immunity of individual and increasing their susceptibility to infections. Currently, immunocompromised situation (Diabetes mellitus) and space infection together leads to complexity to evaluate the overall outcome of the patients. Objective: Aim of this study is to compare the prevalence and outcome of maxillofacial odontogenic space infection between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, BSMMU and DMCH over a period of 15 Months, from June 2020 to August 2021.The selection of the patients was as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study commenced after IRB clearance. All the patients enrolled in this study after proper counseling and informed written consent. A total of 63 patients were taken and divided in to two groups on the basis of presence or absence of diabetes mellitus, Group A (diabetic): N1 number of patients and Group B (non-diabetic): N2 number of patients. Results: Majority of the patients were from BSMMU (58.73%) followed by DMCH (41.26%). Male were more commonly affected than females. Submandibular space was most commonly involved. Streptococcus was the most commonly isolated organism in non-diabetics while Klebsiella in diabetic patients. Meropenem was the most sensitive antibiotic while Amoxicillin was least sensitive antibiotic against the organisms found. This data will be helpful for future research and that will be considered baseline information for public health department. Conclusion: Prevalence of MSI was 4.33 (per thousand) in the study centers of Dhaka. Submandibular space was most common involved space in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Streptococcus was the most commonly isolated organism in non-diabetics while Klebsiellain diabetic patients. Meropenam was the most sensitive antibiotic in both group while Amoxicillin was not found sensitive on any patient in group A while least sensitive in group B. Keywords: odontogenic infection, fascial spaces, culture and antibiotic sensitivity