Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends最新文献

Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36315/2021pad17

M. Chylová, Jana Nezkusilová, Monika Seilerová

{"title":"WORK-RELATED STRESS, PERSONAL RESOURCES AND MENTAL HEALTH IN HIGH-RISK PROFESSIONS","authors":"M. Chylová, Jana Nezkusilová, Monika Seilerová","doi":"10.36315/2021pad17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2021pad17","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of work-related stress and its consequences for mental health is underlined by the increasing prevalence of absence from work due to stress-related illnesses. The aim of this study was to explore how work-related stress and personal resources associate with the perceived anxiety and depression in high-risk professions. The study sample comprised a totalof 276 police officers, prison guards, customs officers and physicians (72.1% men, an average age of 36.6) who filled out questionnaires concerning sociodemographic variables (age, gender, working time), work-related stress (occupational roles, personal resources), anxiety and depression. The multiple regression analysis was usedto analyze data. A model consisting of gender, occupational roles and personal resources explained 39.5% of the variance in anxiety, and 48.7% of the variance in depression in the total sample. Gender (β=.22, p≤.001), recreation (β=-.26, p≤.001), social support (β=-.17, p≤.01), and rational/cognitive coping (β=-.17, p≤.01) were significant predictors of anxiety. Gender (β=.26, p≤.001), insufficiency (β=.11, p≤.05), ambiguity (β=.13, p≤.05), recreation (β=-.19, p≤.001), social support (β=-.19, p≤.001), and rational/cognitive coping (β=-.24, p≤.001) were significant predictors of depression. Higher levels of recreation, social support and rational/cognitive coping in the work of high-risk employees are important in diminishing the perceived anxiety and depression, and potentially protecting against work-related stress.","PeriodicalId":196737,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122096239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

STUDENTS ́ EMPATHY AND CLASSROOM CLIMATE AS PREDICTORS OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS - A case study in three EU countries 学生的同理心和课堂气氛作为对移民态度的预测因素——一个在三个欧盟国家的案例研究

Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36315/2021pad28

Manja Veldin, A. Kozina, Mirta Mornar, Helene Dahlström

引用次数: 1

DISPOSITIONAL TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF SELF-EFFICACY 性格特征作为自我效能的预测因子

Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36315/2021pad04

Elena Lisá

{"title":"DISPOSITIONAL TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF SELF-EFFICACY","authors":"Elena Lisá","doi":"10.36315/2021pad04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2021pad04","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: We started from Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, the onion model of achievement motivation according to Schuler & Prochaska, and the 5-factor personality theory by Costa & McCrae. The study aimed to analyze the predictive power of achievement motivation and personality traits on general self-efficacyand domain-specific career decision self-efficacy. We expected the more significant relationship of stable personality characteristics with general self-efficacy than with specific-domain career decision self-efficacy. Methods: 690adult participants (university students and working adults) completed a career decision self-efficacy questionnaire,and 268of them a general self-efficacy scale. All participants also fulfilled an achievement motivation questionnaire and afive-factor personality theory questionnaire. Results: All five personality traits, combined with four dimensions of achievement motivation (dominance, confidence in success, self-control, and competitiveness) explain 61% of general self-efficacy variability. Extraversion, agreeableness, andconscientiousness with six achievement motivation dimensions (dominance, engagement, confidence in success, fearlessness, competitiveness, and goal setting) explain 42.5% of career decision self-efficacy variability. Discussion: Stable traits and achievement motivation dimensions had more significant predictive power on general self-efficacy than on domain-specific career decision self-efficacy. For further research, there is a suggestion about a theoretically and empirically integrated model of dispositional and social-cognitive approaches.","PeriodicalId":196737,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116041698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

STRESS, EXHAUSTION AND DEPRESSION: THE CENTRAL VARIABLES IN HIGH-RISK PROFESSIONS AND THE ROLE OF PERSONAL RESOURCES 压力、疲惫和抑郁:高风险职业的中心变量和个人资源的作用

Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36315/2021pad21

Jana Nezkusilová, M. Chylová, Monika Seilerová

{"title":"STRESS, EXHAUSTION AND DEPRESSION: THE CENTRAL VARIABLES IN HIGH-RISK PROFESSIONS AND THE ROLE OF PERSONAL RESOURCES","authors":"Jana Nezkusilová, M. Chylová, Monika Seilerová","doi":"10.36315/2021pad21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2021pad21","url":null,"abstract":"The importanceof personal resources in the context of high demanding work conditions is often being reported. However, when and what type of personal resources are the beneficial ones is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to apply network analysis and explore closeness of relationships between personal resources, occupational stressors, perceived stress, the three areas of burnout, depressive symptoms and self-rated health in individuals working in high-risk professions. The study sample comprised 277 policeofficers, prison guards, customs officers and NHS physicians and nurses (68,6% men, Mage = 36.97, SDage = 8.98). Observed variables included perceived stress (PSS), occupational stressors (OSI-R ORQ) and personal resources (OSI-R PRQ), depressive symptoms(SDS), burnout (MBI) and self-rated health (item from SF-36). The network analysis (EBICglasso) was performed. Network analysis revealed that the most central (degree indicator) variables were depressive symptoms, stress, emotional exhaustion and particular occupational stressor-role ambiguity. These variables are potentially the most useful to be directed by intervention programs. Activating recreation, rational coping and social support could be potentially beneficial strategy in alleviating depressive symptoms. Recreational activities could protect health deterioration. Self-care strategies did not have a strong position in the network model.","PeriodicalId":196737,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129920228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

WELLBEING OF MILITARY PERSONNELAS REFLECTED IN SLEEP QUALITY 军人的健康体现在睡眠质量上

Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36315/2021pad14

G. Kloudova, V. Gerla, Kristýna Rusnáková, J. Mezuláník, Miloslav Stehlík, Prague Ostrava branch Czech Republic Law plc

{"title":"WELLBEING OF MILITARY PERSONNELAS REFLECTED IN SLEEP QUALITY","authors":"G. Kloudova, V. Gerla, Kristýna Rusnáková, J. Mezuláník, Miloslav Stehlík, Prague Ostrava branch Czech Republic Law plc","doi":"10.36315/2021pad14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2021pad14","url":null,"abstract":"Military service is both physically and mentally demanding, so the purpose of this text is to find the best selection of methods that can describe the wellbeing of soldiers. In this study, we chose two specific military groups that have very different tasks in the Czech Army to determine their actual physical and mental states. The first group was the military Castle Guard, and the second group was military paratroopers. Both of these groups underwent psychological testing of personality, IQ, self-evaluation, cognitive abilities,and the motivation to perform the duties of military service. Physical health was tested by a body composition analysis, health-related biochemical parameters, sleep analysis, and diagnostics on the musculoskeletal apparatus. Our study aimed to find significant associations that have an impact on the wellbeing of elite Czech military units, and for this purpose, we used the association rule learning method. The results of this study demonstrate that the most significant associations were found between wellbeing reflected in life satisfaction and the health condition of soldiers and their quality of sleep.","PeriodicalId":196737,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115609012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ATTITUDES TOWARD LEARNING PREFERENCE:THE RELATION WITH PERSONALITY 学习偏好态度:与人格的关系

Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36315/2021pad30

L. Both

引用次数: 0

COUNTRY MATTERS: WELL-BEING AND EMIGRATION PLANS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SLOVAKIA AND BULGARIA: THE MEDIATION EFFECT OF ROOTEDNESS 国家问题:斯洛伐克和保加利亚大学生的福利和移民计划:扎根的中介作用

Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36315/2021pad11

Frederika Lučanská, O. Orosová, V. Naydenova, J. Benka, M. Kulanová, L. Abrinková

{"title":"COUNTRY MATTERS: WELL-BEING AND EMIGRATION PLANS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN SLOVAKIA AND BULGARIA: THE MEDIATION EFFECT OF ROOTEDNESS","authors":"Frederika Lučanská, O. Orosová, V. Naydenova, J. Benka, M. Kulanová, L. Abrinková","doi":"10.36315/2021pad11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2021pad11","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between well-being, rootedness and emigration plans (EP) among university students in Slovakia and Bulgaria. It also explored the mediation effect of rootedness in the relationship between well-being and EP. The data were collected throughan online survey (SLiCE 2016). The research sample consisted of 361 university students (M=22.4 years, SD=3.8) from Slovakia (141, 86.5% female) and Bulgaria (220, 69.1% female). Based on their emigration plans, the respondentswere dividedinto two groups;those who do not plan to leave (n=218, 60.4%) and those who plan to leave in the long term (n=143, 39.6%) after they finish university. ForSlovakia, all factors were significantly related toEP. Furthermore, the association between well-being and EP was fully mediated by two dimensions of rootedness with different psychological mechanisms. For Bulgaria, only well-being and onedimension of rootedness,desire for change,were significantly related to EP. It was also found that the association between well-being and EP was partially mediated by only one dimension of rootedness –desire for change. This study highlightsthat rootedness hasa different relationship with other examined factorsin different countries and also that it is necessary to respect the cultural and socio-economic featuresof acountry.","PeriodicalId":196737,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124927391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

COGNITIVE AND MOTIVATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF INTUITION 直觉的认知和动机决定因素

Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36315/2021pad15

S. Kreitler, Carmit Benbenishty

{"title":"COGNITIVE AND MOTIVATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF INTUITION","authors":"S. Kreitler, Carmit Benbenishty","doi":"10.36315/2021pad15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2021pad15","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to identify cognitive and motivational components of intuition. The methodology was based on the meaning system, which enables identifying cognitive variables involved in a specific cognitive act, and on the cognitive orientation (CO) theory which enables assessing cognitions supporting specific behaviors. The hypotheses were that the findings would enable identifying cognitive and motivational variables unique for intuition. We expected that the cognitive and motivational variables separately would predictintuition and that both together would enable a better prediction than each separately. A set of cognitive variables related to intuition was identified and accounted for 29.2% of the variance. It included variables indicating interpersonally-shared and personal meanings, attending to overall general contexts and specific details, to the abstract and the concrete. The four belief types of the CO predicted intuition and accounted for 30.4% of the variance. The four types referred to the themes concerning emotions, opening-up, fast solutions, comprehensive view, and self reliance.Both sets of the cognitive and motivational variables together accounted for 39.19% of the variance. The findings show that both cognition and motivation contribute to intuition and need to be considered for predicting intuition, assessing it, and intervening for its improvement.","PeriodicalId":196737,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130423471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

USING THE ATTACHMENT LENS AND THE DYADIC EXPANSION OF CONSCIOUSNESS APPROACH TO INCREASE SCHOOL ADJUSTMENT 运用依恋透镜和意识的二元扩展方法来增加学校适应

Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36315/2021pad31

O. Danila

{"title":"USING THE ATTACHMENT LENS AND THE DYADIC EXPANSION OF CONSCIOUSNESS APPROACH TO INCREASE SCHOOL ADJUSTMENT","authors":"O. Danila","doi":"10.36315/2021pad31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2021pad31","url":null,"abstract":"When in danger, either we refer to menaces or just novel situations, the brain needs firstly to connect to another human brain in order to coregulate; only after, can that brain continue process/ learn, regulate behaviors and thus adjust to the environment. The purpose of this study was to explore the connection between the quality of the pupil-teacher relationship, assessed from the attachment perspective and different school adjustment aspects. A sample of 40 educators were invited to evaluate their attachment strategies and then assess at least 3children from their current classes(primary school); results for a total of 121pupils were collected. First of all, educators assessed the pupil’s attachment needs using the Student-Teacher Relationship Scale; then, they were asked to assess social competencies using the Social Competence Scaleand the Engagementversus Disaffection with Learning Scale, as facets of school adjustment. Results show that the strength of the pupil-teacher relationship is influenced by the particularities of the attachment strategies of both parties, and, in turn, this relationship, with its 3 dimensions (closeness, conflict and dependence)impacts adjustment. Results are discussed in the light of the Dyadic Expansion of Consciousnesshypothesis–in a safe relationship, both the teacherand the pupil significantly expand the learning possibilities.","PeriodicalId":196737,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115092629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED SATISFACTION IN ARABIC LEARNING - Development and validation of a new measure for Arabic learners in Japan 阿拉伯语学习中的基本心理需求满足——日本阿拉伯语学习者新措施的开发与验证

Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.36315/2021pad02

Katsunori Sumi

{"title":"BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEED SATISFACTION IN ARABIC LEARNING - Development and validation of a new measure for Arabic learners in Japan","authors":"Katsunori Sumi","doi":"10.36315/2021pad02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36315/2021pad02","url":null,"abstract":"The present study developedand validated a new 9-item measure called the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction of Arabic Learners Scale (BPNSALS). Thisscale was designed to assess the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), which is central to self-determination theory(SDT), of Arabic learners in Japan. A total of 314 students taking Arabic courses in Japanese universities participated in astudy to examine the reliability and construct validity of the BPNSALS. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the BPNSALS items confirmedthe subscale structure corresponding to the three basic psychological needs. Each BPNSALS subscale displayedadequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and temporal stability over 4-weekperiod. The construct validity ofthe BPNSALSwas provided by supportfor the hypothesized relationshipswiththe different forms of Arabic learning motivation as proposed by SDT. In addition, the self-determination of motivation and Arabic learning outcomes, namely,satisfaction, subjective comprehension, and subjective achievementwere also considered. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the BPNSALS is a useful tool for assessing basic psychological need satisfaction ofArabic learners in Japan.","PeriodicalId":196737,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126999755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0