ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic)最新文献_第5页

Should Robots Pay Taxes? Tax Policy in the Age of Automation 机器人应该纳税吗?自动化时代的税收政策

ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-03-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2932483

Ryan B. Abbott, B. Bogenschneider

{"title":"Should Robots Pay Taxes? Tax Policy in the Age of Automation","authors":"Ryan B. Abbott, B. Bogenschneider","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2932483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2932483","url":null,"abstract":"Existing technologies can already automate most work functions, and the cost of these technologies is decreasing at a time when human labor costs are increasing. This, combined with ongoing advances in computing, artificial intelligence, and robotics, has led experts to predict that automation will lead to significant job losses and worsening income inequality. Policy makers are actively debating how to deal with these problems, with most proposals focusing on investing in education to train workers in new job types, or investing in social benefits to distribute the gains of automation. \u0000The importance of tax policy has been neglected in this debate, which is unfortunate because such policies are critically important. The tax system incentivizes automation even in cases where it is not otherwise efficient. That is because the vast majority of tax revenue is now derived from labor income, so firms avoid taxes by eliminating employees. More importantly, when a machine replaces a person, the government loses a substantial amount of tax revenue—potentially trillions of dollars a year in the aggregate. All of this is the unintended result of a system designed to tax labor rather than capital. Such a system no longer works once the labor is capital. Robots are not good taxpayers. \u0000We argue that existing tax policies must be changed. The system should be at least “neutral” as between robot and human workers, and automation should not be allowed to reduce tax revenue. This could be achieved by disallowing corporate tax deductions for automated workers, creating an “automation tax” which mirrors existing unemployment schemes, granting offsetting tax preferences for human workers, levying a corporate self-employment tax, or increasing the corporate tax rate. We argue the ideal solution may be a combination of these proposals.","PeriodicalId":196465,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125310524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 83

Which Gender Wage Gap Estimates to Trust? A Comparative Analysis 哪个性别工资差距估计值得信任?比较分析

ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/roiw.12209

K. Goraus, Joanna Tyrowicz, L. Velde

引用次数: 45

Overdue Wage Arrears Remain Low 拖欠工资维持在低水平

ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-02-10 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2944585

V. Lyashok

引用次数: 0

How Important Are Parental Occupations to the New Generation's Occupation Mobility? 父母职业对新一代职业流动性有多重要?

ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-01-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2904299

Ping Li, F. Stafford

{"title":"How Important Are Parental Occupations to the New Generation's Occupation Mobility?","authors":"Ping Li, F. Stafford","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2904299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2904299","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. occupational composition is being shaped by changing output, production technology, and by social processes. Using micro panel data we compare the occupations of men and women age 30-55 as of 2013 to those reported to have been held by their parents when the now adult children were growing up. The study examines intergenerational migration inflows and outflows separately for both men and women. Consistent with trade patterns and unbalanced growth theory there are distinct patterns of both growing and of contracting occupations. Production occupations show a distinct employment decline across generations for both men and women with a shift of men to various occupations commonly held by men. Occupations such as management and related business occupations show a net increase across generations from a rising share of young workers relative to their parents. Based on a narrow definition of STEM workers we see an approximate threefold increase in the share of employment of both women and men with the implied preservation of men’s share of those occupations. On a wider definition we see both strong growth and an increase in the share of women. To capture a common metric for mobility and economic growth, occupational order is defined as the rank of the average wage paid to those working in each occupation. On this basis the occupational wage ranking of 30-55 year old women relative to men has risen to about .80. This appears to have been shaped in part by reduced barriers to occupations for women as well as self-exclusion by men from some newly expanding occupations.","PeriodicalId":196465,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120963672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Estimating the Employment Effects of Recent Minimum Wage Changes: Early Evidence, an Interpretative Framework, and a Pre-Commitment to Future Analysis 估计近期最低工资变化对就业的影响:早期证据、解释框架和对未来分析的预承诺

ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic) Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.3386/w23084

Jeffrey P. Clemens, Michael Strain

{"title":"Estimating the Employment Effects of Recent Minimum Wage Changes: Early Evidence, an Interpretative Framework, and a Pre-Commitment to Future Analysis","authors":"Jeffrey P. Clemens, Michael Strain","doi":"10.3386/w23084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w23084","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents early evidence on the employment effects of state minimum wage increases enacted between January 2013 and January 2015, and offers an interpretative framework to understand why it is of interest to study recent changes in isolation. Given the ongoing transitions of many states’ minimum wage rates, we also set the stage for a pre-committed analysis of the minimum wage changes scheduled for coming years. Through 2015, we estimate that employment among young adults and young individuals with less than a completed high school education expanded modestly less quickly in states that enacted one-time or multi-phase statutory minimum wage increases than in states that enacted no minimum wage increases. Across the specifications we implement and the samples we analyze, many of our estimates are statistically indistinguishable from zero. Data on the longer-run effects of this period’s minimum wage changes will be essential for more fully assessing these changes’ effects and for drawing strong conclusions regarding how minimum wage increases affect employment in this decade’s institutional and economic environment. As data become available for the full 2016 through 2019 calendar years, we will execute and report the results of analyses that follow the road map this paper develops.","PeriodicalId":196465,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic)","volume":"2006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122918923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Sexual Orientation and Earnings: New Evidence from the UK 性取向和收入:来自英国的新证据

ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-12-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3119665

C. Aksoy, Christopher S. Carpenter, J. Frank

引用次数: 2

Why has Income Inequality in Germany Increased from 2002 to 2011? A Behavioral Microsimulation Decomposition 2002年至2011年德国收入不平等为何加剧?行为微模拟分解

ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-12-07 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2900399

Robin Jessen

引用次数: 12

Structural Change in Wage Differentiation Patterns for Turkey in Terms of Working in the Same Industry 土耳其在同一行业工作的工资差异模式的结构性变化

ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-10-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2853081

Bengi YANIK İLHAN, Yasin Kutuk

{"title":"Structural Change in Wage Differentiation Patterns for Turkey in Terms of Working in the Same Industry","authors":"Bengi YANIK İLHAN, Yasin Kutuk","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2853081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2853081","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the wage differentiation patterns in Turkey between couples who work in the same industry and those who work in different industries. The Turkish Household Labor Force Surveys from 2004 to 2014 are utilized as the main data. As the graphical representation verifies, regions can be grouped into three with respect to wage differentiation. In the first group, differentiation gap remains the same; for the second group, the gap increases; and for the last group, while the gap first decreases and disappears, it then increases again in favor of who the ones who work in the same industry. These findings are valid not only for females’ but also males’ mean hourly income. In the empirical analyses, the squared wage differences are clustered into three categories by using K-Means clustering method. Then, the behavior of each region changing from one cluster to the other are tracked and calculated with variations of this behavior. It is examined that not only eastern regions but also northern and landlocked regions changed their clusters during the last decade. In addition to that, their calculated variation of this behavior is higher compared to the ones for western, southern and seaside regions. If the variation is higher for the region, this is probably due to structural changes in those regions.","PeriodicalId":196465,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130895784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Family Ruptures, Stress, and the Mental Health of the Next Generation 家庭破裂、压力和下一代的心理健康

ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/AER.20141406

Petra Persson, Maya Rossin-Slater

引用次数: 228

Export and Wages: Rent Sharing, Workforce Composition or Returns to Skills? - Online Appendix 出口与工资:租金分担、劳动力构成还是技能回报?-网上附录

ERN: Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution (Topic) Pub Date : 2016-02-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2543829

Mario Macis, F. Schivardi

引用次数: 1