Optics & Laser Technology最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Wide-range vision-based position measurement for linear servo-motor mover 基于视觉的线性伺服电机移动装置大范围位置测量
Optics & Laser Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111541
Xia Yang, Jianting Mai, Wei Wang
{"title":"Wide-range vision-based position measurement for linear servo-motor mover","authors":"Xia Yang, Jianting Mai, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111541","url":null,"abstract":"Linear servo-motor (LSM) plays a vital role in industrial automatic machines. This paper proposed a digital image grating (DIG) method to measure the LSM mover position easily, robustly, and accurately over a wide range. The DIG method uses a narrow camera view for obtaining better accuracy and uses calibrated code marks as references to realize a wide measuring range. Furthermore, a 2P-ICGN algorithm was used for fast, robust, and precise image matching, and a fast interpolation method was used for interpolating image pixels efficiently. Firstly, a pattern with code marks and random speckle was set in the measuring range. Secondly, the code mark positions were determined with the help of image stitching. Thirdly, the rough position of the mover was estimated promptly via code mark recognition. Finally, the accurate mover position was calculated by matching the real-time image with the reference image containing the identified code mark. Experimental results confirm that the DIG method can measure LSM mover positions with an accuracy of 0.0031 mm (MAE) in a range of 450 mm.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Three-dimensional measurements of the in-cylinder diesel flame development under low crank speeds based on computed tomography 基于计算机断层扫描的低曲柄转速下柴油机缸内火焰发展的三维测量结果
Optics & Laser Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111574
Yu Gao, Haiyan Chen, Yue Wu, Wenqi Men
{"title":"Three-dimensional measurements of the in-cylinder diesel flame development under low crank speeds based on computed tomography","authors":"Yu Gao, Haiyan Chen, Yue Wu, Wenqi Men","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111574","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the dynamics of the combustion process in the combustion chamber is critical to improve the performance of the engine. The computed tomography technology makes it possible to reconstruct the three-dimensional distributions of flame chemiluminescence signals which can be used to analyse flame development processes inside the combustion chamber. In this study, the flame intensity distribution and evolution inside an optical engine are reconstructed under multiple low crank speeds, by utilizing cross-interface computed tomography. The reconstructed flames provide 3D information on flame volume and intensity evolution, which presents superiority on clarifying the effects of crank speeds on flame development. Meanwhile, flame development along the piston movement direction is analysed based on the 3D results. The study reveals the 3D structure of the in-cylinder flame and makes it possible for further investigation of the 3D information of the in-cylinder combustion process in the future.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The performace of (TbBiCa)3Fe5O12 magneto-optical films at 1064 nm after hydrogen atmosphere annealing and ion beam polishing 氢气退火和离子束抛光后的 1064 纳米波长 (TbBiCa)3Fe5O12 磁光薄膜的性能
Optics & Laser Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111528
Jingyan Yu, Qinghui Yang, Ding Zhang, Xia Xiang, Bo Li, Yong Jiang, Yuanjing Zhang, Han Li, Feng Wang, Shuting Yang, Ihor I. Syvorotka, Huaiwu Zhang
{"title":"The performace of (TbBiCa)3Fe5O12 magneto-optical films at 1064 nm after hydrogen atmosphere annealing and ion beam polishing","authors":"Jingyan Yu, Qinghui Yang, Ding Zhang, Xia Xiang, Bo Li, Yong Jiang, Yuanjing Zhang, Han Li, Feng Wang, Shuting Yang, Ihor I. Syvorotka, Huaiwu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111528","url":null,"abstract":"The laser damage properties of magneto-optical (MO) materials are the most important constraint for their application in high-power laser systems in the near-infrared (NIR) band. Rare-earth ion doped garnet (RIG) materials are widely used in optical communication systems and compact laser systems due to their superior MO properties —— small size and low driving magnetic field. In this study, high-quality (TbBiCa)FeO films with hundreds of microns thickness were fabricated by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) method. These films have lower optical absorption than conventional (TbBi)FeO films after annealing in reducing atmosphere while possessing outstanding magneto-optical properties and their optical and MO properties are investigated in detail, which has a high specific faraday rotation angle of 1413 deg/cm at 1310 nm and 2647 deg/cm at 1064 nm, and transmittance is 51.2 % at 1064 nm and 71.6 % at 1310 nm. After that, ion beam polishing (IBP) treated the samples at different depths, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe their surface morphology. Finally, the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of samples was tested by a multi-frequency laser in different frequencies using the R-on-1 method. The LIDT of (TbBiCa)FeO irradiated by a multi-frequency at 50 kHz is 10.92 J/cm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy were used to observe the surface morphology of the sample after the damage.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-order Hermite-Gaussian modes and optical vortices generated in an efficient Yb:YAG microchip laser by manipulating gain distribution 通过操纵增益分布在高效 Yb:YAG 微芯片激光器中产生高阶赫米特-高斯模式和光涡旋
Optics & Laser Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111584
Xingyu Zhu, Jianwei Yang, Yufei Chen, Hongsen He, Jun Dong
{"title":"High-order Hermite-Gaussian modes and optical vortices generated in an efficient Yb:YAG microchip laser by manipulating gain distribution","authors":"Xingyu Zhu, Jianwei Yang, Yufei Chen, Hongsen He, Jun Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111584","url":null,"abstract":"Optical vortices carrying orbital angular momentum with large topological charges have wide applications on optical communication, high capacity storage, high resolution imaging. Hermite-Gaussian (HG) mode lasers have been widely used to convert optical vortices with astigmatic mode converter. Here, high-order HG mode microchip laser has been demonstrated by manipulating gain distribution inside Yb:YAG gain medium. HG mode lasers with tunable from 0 to 21 have been generated by adjusting the distance between -axis focal spot of single-emitter laser diode and Yb:YAG crystal thin plate (Δz). At a constant pump power of 4.55 W, output power decreases from 977 mW for TEM mode laser to 652 mW for HG mode laser as Δz increases from 2.9 mm to 10.8 mm. Output power of 750 mW and optical conversion efficiency of 15 % are achieved for HG mode laser. HG mode lasers oscillate in multi-longitudinal-mode, and laser wavelength is kept constant independent on . Optical vortices with tunable topological charge up to 24 are converted from high beam quality HG mode lasers with an astigmatic mode converter. By manipulating pump beam distribution of single-emitter laser diode, microchip laser is a solid platform for efficiently generating high-order HG lasers and conversion to desired optical vortices.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gradient-based strategy of designing cascaded phase holograms for arbitrary distribution behind arbitrary aperture 基于梯度的级联相位全息图设计策略,适用于任意孔径后的任意分布
Optics & Laser Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111489
Hengyang Li, Jiaming Xu, Qin Luo, Cong Hu, Yu Xiao, Xiahui Tang, Gang Xu, Yingxiong Qin
{"title":"Gradient-based strategy of designing cascaded phase holograms for arbitrary distribution behind arbitrary aperture","authors":"Hengyang Li, Jiaming Xu, Qin Luo, Cong Hu, Yu Xiao, Xiahui Tang, Gang Xu, Yingxiong Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111489","url":null,"abstract":"Aperture, flexibly defined as common-seen periphery-blocked structures, or special-shaped patterns, or even with artificial-designed complex amplitude modulating function, are inevitably a core factor of optical system that forces the light path deviate from the unconstrained situation. To bridge the gap between the ideal simplified phase modulation system and the real aperture-constrained system, we propose an inverse design algorithm (GOODBAP) which uses cascaded phase holograms to achieve arbitrary intensity distribution behind arbitrary aperture. The algorithm exploits a parallel optimization procedure based on numerical gradient, and the phase patterns on the two holograms are comprehensively updating using algorithmic differentiation. Multiple examples demonstrate that the GOODBAP algorithm can achieve high-fidelity (above 0.98) and high-diffractive-efficiency (above 0.98) intensity distributions behind seemingly unreasonable apertures. Furthermore, we expand the scope of this algorithm to cascaded modulation with more holograms. Also, an application is demonstrated about deceiving multiple cameras behind separate complex coded apertures. We expect that the GOODBAP algorithm can be applied to more practical scenarios of beam modulation, including laser imaging, illumination, annealing, etc.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-band chirped mirrors for enhanced dispersion management 用于增强频散管理的多波段啁啾反射镜
Optics & Laser Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111525
Shih-Hsuan Chia, Yan-Cheng Li, Chi-Kuang Sun, Franz X. Kärtner
{"title":"Multi-band chirped mirrors for enhanced dispersion management","authors":"Shih-Hsuan Chia, Yan-Cheng Li, Chi-Kuang Sun, Franz X. Kärtner","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111525","url":null,"abstract":"Effective dispersion management for broadband and highly dispersive optical systems becomes increasingly vital in ultrafast applications. While chirped mirrors provide a compact solution, their attainable dispersion is often limited by the operational bandwidth. This study introduces innovative multi-band chirped mirror designs that enable the management of group delay differences both within and between bands, further optimizing group delay dispersion across specific spectral regions. Here, we highlight the critical role of transmission group delay within multilayer coatings for broadband dispersion management, shifting the traditional interpretation which relies on the wavelength-dependent penetration of these coatings. We have thus developed a dual-band chirped mirror pair achieving group delay dispersion values of −100 fs in the 0.6–0.8 µm range and −260 fs in the 1.7–2.2 µm range, with the bands separated by more than an octave. Remarkably, this design outperformed a state-of-the-art ultrabroadband mirror pair by three and four times of group delay dispersion in the respective bands. We have also designed and implemented a specialized dual-band mirror pair for nonlinear light microscopy—a prime example of ultrafast applications—and successfully achieved transform-limited pulses for targeted fluorophore excitations. This research emphasizes the transformative potential of strategic group delay distribution, heralding a breakthrough in dispersive optical operations across specific wavelength ranges.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Generation of extremely strong accelerating electric field by focusing radially polarized THz pulses with a paraboloid ring 利用抛物面环聚焦径向偏振太赫兹脉冲,产生极强的加速电场
Optics & Laser Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111554
László Pálfalvi, Zerihun T. Godana, György Tóth, János Hebling
{"title":"Generation of extremely strong accelerating electric field by focusing radially polarized THz pulses with a paraboloid ring","authors":"László Pálfalvi, Zerihun T. Godana, György Tóth, János Hebling","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111554","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient acceleration of electrically charged particles by focused electromagnetic pulses requires a strong accelerating electric field as well as a sufficiently large interaction region. Single-cycle terahertz pulses are promising candidates for such applications due to their advantageous wavelength and available peak electric field at the level. We propose and characterize a focusing optics for a possible electron vacuum accelerator. This consists of a reflaxicon for beam shaping and a ring-like segment of an on-axis parabolic mirror for tight focusing of the radially polarized THz pulse in order to reach a strong accelerating electric field. The electric field distribution in the focal region was determined by the Stratton–Chu vector diffraction method. Semi-analytical and purely analytical formulae were also derived, simplifying the computation procedure. By focusing radially polarized single-cycle terahertz pulses with pulse energy, calculations predict accelerating electric field component in the order of , well suitable for particle acceleration.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"187 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonlinear optical response and application of indirect narrow-bandgap SbTe nanosheets 间接窄带隙碲化镉纳米片的非线性光学响应与应用
Optics & Laser Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111563
Enlin Cai, Linhong Hao, Shanming Li, Min Chen, Shuaiyi Zhang, Xinxing Liu, Yin Hang
{"title":"Nonlinear optical response and application of indirect narrow-bandgap SbTe nanosheets","authors":"Enlin Cai, Linhong Hao, Shanming Li, Min Chen, Shuaiyi Zhang, Xinxing Liu, Yin Hang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111563","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear optical properties of antimony telluride (SbTe) crystal with indirect narrow bandgap are investigated, which exhibits superior performance for nonlinear laser modulation in the infrared band. The nonlinear optical coefficients of SbTe nanosheets are determined to be −3.3 cm/GW, −2.3 cm/GW, −1.9 cm/GW and the modulation depths are 5.5 %, 2.0 %, 1.5 % at 400 nm, 800 nm, 1064 nm, respectively. Based on the SbTe-SA, a Yb:GdScO laser centered at 1064 nm is achieved with 633 mW maximum output power, 56 fs pulse width and 104 MHz repetition rate. The damage threshold of the SbTe nanosheets is calculated to be exceed 338 GW/cm, revealing the great potential in high-power laser modulation. This investigation marks the inaugural theoretical and experimental analysis of SbTe’s optical properties and its application in laser modulation, laying the groundwork for future research into indirect narrow-bandgap materials in laser technology.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A nonlinear model of flexoelectric liquid crystal diffraction gratings 柔电液晶衍射光栅的非线性模型
Optics & Laser Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111502
Qihao Han, Steve J. Elston, Waqas Kamal, Linpei Xue, Stephen M. Morris
{"title":"A nonlinear model of flexoelectric liquid crystal diffraction gratings","authors":"Qihao Han, Steve J. Elston, Waqas Kamal, Linpei Xue, Stephen M. Morris","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111502","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a nonlinear model for flexoelectric liquid crystal (LC) diffraction gratings and compares the results from simulations with those obtained from experiments, providing a more accurate description of the behaviour of the flexoelectric LC grating than that offered by the linear models that have been considered previously. The nonlinear model that is constructed considers both dielectric and flexoelectric coupling and, with the aid of numerical simulations, enables the visualization of the behaviour of the LC director in response to flexoelectric, dielectric, and elastic effects. From the numerical simulations, both in-plane and out-of-plane tilt angles are obtained which are then used to simulate the optical wave propagation and diffraction characteristics for light passing through the LC flexoelectric grating. To compare the results from simulations with experiments, we develop an LC mixture that is capable of forming a flexoelectric LC diffraction grating at room temperature. This mixture allows for real-time manipulation of the periodic splay-bend structure by adjusting the amplitude of the DC electric field, enabling control of the diffraction angle and intensity of light into the different diffraction orders. The consistency observed between our simulation results and experimental data underscores the reliability and accuracy of our proposed models.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"193 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of plasmonic nanoparticles effects on the performance of perovskite solar cells through surface recombination and short-circuiting behaviors 通过表面重组和短路行为分析等离子纳米粒子对过氧化物太阳能电池性能的影响
Optics & Laser Technology Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111512
Mohamed M. Gad, Yasser M. El Batawy, Ezzeldin A. Soliman, Mai O. Sallam
{"title":"Analysis of plasmonic nanoparticles effects on the performance of perovskite solar cells through surface recombination and short-circuiting behaviors","authors":"Mohamed M. Gad, Yasser M. El Batawy, Ezzeldin A. Soliman, Mai O. Sallam","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.111512","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmonic photovoltaics integrate nanoparticles into the active layer to enhance power absorption. However a gap exists between simulated and experimental IV characteristics. Fabrication studies have attributed the issues to fabrication resolution, and recombination with no detailed step-by-step characterization. To address this issue, the paper presents a comprehensive optical and electrical study of a new plasmonic crescent nanoparticle (CNP). These particles serve as a near-field confinement source to enhance the efficiency of perovskite TiO-MAPbI-Spiro solar cells. The proposed design demonstrates that an optimized structure with polarization-dependent multiple modes can offer broad-spectrum absorption across both the visible and near-infrared spectra, resulting in a 15% improvement in the total absorption. The notably high stability of absorption with respect to parameter variation is a remarkable key factor. Employing Charge Transport (CHARGE) solver, the electrical characterization of the proposed plasmonic device is performed in a step-by-step procedure using three different models to characterize the sources of efficiency degradation The ohmic contact reduces quantum efficiency by 11%. Moreover, when surface recombination is considered, the degradation increases significantly to 54%, which matches the experimental studies in the literature. The paper also suggests incorporating a passivation layer which demonstrates its impact in enhancing the quantum efficiency from 18.2% to 22.2%.","PeriodicalId":19597,"journal":{"name":"Optics & Laser Technology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书