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Saturation in the principal (excited) channel of four-level medium as an effective two-level configuration 四能级介质中主(受激)通道的饱和作为有效的两能级结构
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Optica Applicata Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa210207
J. Addasi
{"title":"Saturation in the principal (excited) channel of four-level medium as an effective two-level configuration","authors":"J. Addasi","doi":"10.37190/oa210207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa210207","url":null,"abstract":"Saturation of complex molecules affects the nonlinear processes occurring in the medium. The medium can be described by two-, three-, and four-level configurations. The principal singlet-singlet and excited triplet-triplet channels of a four-level, N-type, configuration were used to study a nonlinear medium, which was excited by radiation with two frequencies. Under weak population of energy levels in the triplet-triplet channel (a small ratio of the total probability of spontaneous and irradiate transitions for both channels p23/p31), the principal (singlet-singlet) channel is similar to a two-level configuration. At the same time, the effective population of the energy levels in the triplet-triplet channel (the ratio p23/p31 is large and the radiation intensity in the principal channel is high) makes the excited (triplet-triplet) channel coincide with the two-level configuration. The saturation intensity of radiation in principal (excited) channel, as effective two-level configuration, and nonlinear processes in this channel can be controlled by external radiation acting on excited (principal) channel. Finally, the average excitation of molecules into the energy levels in the triplet-triplet channel (ratio p23/p31 ≈ 1) makes the four-level configuration similar to the three-level configuration with effective level as a result of combination between second singlet level S2 and first triplet level T1.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70011324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optical path pointing error and coaxiality analysis of APT system of space laser communication terminal 空间激光通信终端APT系统光路指向误差及同轴度分析
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Optica Applicata Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa210205
Zhang Furui, Ruan Ping, Han Junfeng
{"title":"Optical path pointing error and coaxiality analysis of APT system of space laser communication terminal","authors":"Zhang Furui, Ruan Ping, Han Junfeng","doi":"10.37190/oa210205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa210205","url":null,"abstract":"Precision beam pointing is the key indicator for APT (acquisition, pointing and tracking) system in space laser communication. The laser travels inside the optical system and the pointing vector will be affected by an assembly error of the axis and reflectors. In this paper, the model of the optical path pointing error and coaxiality error induced by the assembly error are established; the error distribution is given and a quantitative analysis is performed. The results show that the magnitude of pointing error is affected by the axis assembling error greatly but its distribution is susceptible to the reflector assembly error. Finally, the correction of coaxiality is performed and tested. The experimental results show that the coaxiality error can be greatly improved and the mean value of the coaxiality error of a beacon path and a signal path are 14 and 9.6 μrad, respectively, which meets the requirements. This work can provide guidance for design and assembly of the APT and contribute to the improvement of its pointing performance.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70011703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bend loss fiber optics design based on sinusoidal and ellipse configurations 基于正弦和椭圆结构的弯曲损耗光纤设计
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Optica Applicata Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa210301
N. A. M. Mohd Arif, Dilla Durhya Burhanuddin, S. Shaari, A. Ehsan
{"title":"Bend loss fiber optics design based on sinusoidal and ellipse configurations","authors":"N. A. M. Mohd Arif, Dilla Durhya Burhanuddin, S. Shaari, A. Ehsan","doi":"10.37190/oa210301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa210301","url":null,"abstract":"Bending losses in optical fibers comprise one of the extrinsic attenuations that contribute to optical loss and they are essential for optical fiber bending sensor applications. This work investigated the optical loss in a standard single-mode step-index fiber optics due to fiber bending at 1550 nm wavelength. Variations in macro-bending loss with curvature radius and turn number have been measured. Curvature radius and turn number are examined for sinusoidal and elliptical shaped bending configurations. It has been found that the loss increases as the bending radius and number of turns increase. The result also showed that elliptical shaped bending configuration produced more loss in contrast to that of sinusoidal shaped at bending angles of 180° and 360°. The study on the macro-bending loss in terms of curvature radius and turn number for both elliptical and sinusoidal shaped bending configurations is beneficial for future fiber optic sensor applications.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Refractive index and salinity sensors by gallium-doped zinc oxide thin film coated on side-polished fibers 在侧面抛光的光纤上涂覆掺镓氧化锌薄膜的折射率和盐度传感器
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Optica Applicata Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/OA210102
Chuen-Lin Tien, Hao-Sheng Mao, Tzu-Chi Mao
{"title":"Refractive index and salinity sensors by gallium-doped zinc oxide thin film coated on side-polished fibers","authors":"Chuen-Lin Tien, Hao-Sheng Mao, Tzu-Chi Mao","doi":"10.37190/OA210102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/OA210102","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a high-sensitivity refractive index and salinity sensor by using fiber-optic side -polishing and electron-beam evaporation techniques. Thin film coated on the flat surface of side -polished fibers can generate a lossy mode resonance (LMR) effect. A gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) thin film was prepared by an electron-beam evaporation with the ion assisted deposition method. The residual thickness of the side-polished fiber was 76.5 μm, and GZO film thickness of 69 nm was deposited on the flat surface of the side-polished fiber to fabricate LMR-based fiber sensors. The variation in the optical spectrum of LMR-based fiber sensors was measured by different refractive index saline solutions. The LMR wavelength shift is caused by the refractive index change, which is nearly proportional to the salinity. The corresponding sensitivity of the proposed fiber-optic sensor was 3059 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) for the refractive index range of 1.333 to 1.398. To evaluate the sensitivity of LMR salinity sensors, the saline solution salinities of 3.6%, 7.3%, 10.9%, 14.6%, 18.2% and 21.9% were measured in this work. The experimental result shows that the sensitivity of the proposed salinity sensor is 9.94 nm/%.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70008831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transmission stability of chirped dark vector quasi-solitons in birefringent fiber system with nonlinear gain 非线性增益双折射光纤系统中啁啾暗矢量准孤子的传输稳定性
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Optica Applicata Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/OA210104
Yan Xiao, Jing Zhang, Qiuyao He
{"title":"Transmission stability of chirped dark vector quasi-solitons in birefringent fiber system with nonlinear gain","authors":"Yan Xiao, Jing Zhang, Qiuyao He","doi":"10.37190/OA210104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/OA210104","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we consider the coupled Ginzburg–Landau equation with variable coefficients including the nonlinear gain and obtain the exact solutions of chirped dark vector quasi-solitons via the ansatz method. Next, the propagation of chirped dark vector quasi-solitons is discussed to verify whether they can be transmitted stably in the birefringent optical fiber system. The numerical simulation shows that this can be achieved. We deeply add the small perturbation to the transmission of dark vector quasi-solitons to make the results above more general. The results further prove the correctness of our solutions.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wide-angle infrared plasmonic perfect absorber based on graphene-silica grating 基于石墨烯-硅光栅的广角红外等离子体完美吸收体
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Optica Applicata Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/OA210107
Fang Chen
{"title":"Wide-angle infrared plasmonic perfect absorber based on graphene-silica grating","authors":"Fang Chen","doi":"10.37190/OA210107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/OA210107","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, wide-angle infrared perfect absorption has been demonstrated by using a double-layer graphene strip grating coupled with a silicon dioxide grating. Numerical simulation of the finite-difference time-domain method indicates that the perfect absorption can be achieved due to the effective impedance matching, and all the incident electromagnetic energy is confined in the Al2O3 layer between the silver substrate and the graphene strip grating. Dual-band perfect absorption is achieved with the change of strip width or chemical potential of the bi-layer graphene strip grating. It is found that the spectral position of the absorption peak can be tuned by the chemical potential or the width of the graphene strip, and additionally by the size of the proposed absorber. Moreover, the proposed perfect absorber shows excellent absorption stability for a wide range of the incident angle up to ±65°. The proposed absorber may find potential application in tunable double band perfect absorbers in the mid-infrared range.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of electrical resistivity, residual stress and surface roughness of sputtering indium tin oxide films with different thicknesses 不同厚度溅射氧化铟锡薄膜的电阻率、残余应力和表面粗糙度评价
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Optica Applicata Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa210403
Chuen-Lin Tien, Tsai-Wei Lin, Shu-Hui Su
{"title":"Evaluation of electrical resistivity, residual stress and surface roughness of sputtering indium tin oxide films with different thicknesses","authors":"Chuen-Lin Tien, Tsai-Wei Lin, Shu-Hui Su","doi":"10.37190/oa210403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa210403","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the influence of film thickness on the electrical and mechanical properties of transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. Two groups of ITO thin films deposited on unheated substrates were prepared by the radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The biaxial residual stress and surface roughness for two groups of ITO thin films were measured by a Twyman–Green interferometer and a Linnik microscopic interferometer, respectively. The electrical resistivity of the ITO films was measured by a four-point probe apparatus, the thickness was determined mechanically with a profilometer. The measurement results show that the average resistivity of ITO thin films decreases with increasing the deposited thickness. The compressive residual stress in the ITO thin films decreases with increasing the deposited thickness. We also find that an anisotropic stress in the two groups of ITO films is more compressive in a certain direction. The RMS surface roughness in the two groups of ITO films is less than 1 nm.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70013451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simulating the effects of refractive index difference on the coupling efficiency of periodically segmented waveguide mode converter 模拟折射率差对周期性分段波导模式变换器耦合效率的影响
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Optica Applicata Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa210408
Yu Zheng, Hao He, Lianqiong Jiang, Ji’an Duan
{"title":"Simulating the effects of refractive index difference on the coupling efficiency of periodically segmented waveguide mode converter","authors":"Yu Zheng, Hao He, Lianqiong Jiang, Ji’an Duan","doi":"10.37190/oa210408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa210408","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient coupling of micro/nano-optical waveguides with single-mode fibers is the premise for the efficient operation of the integrated photonic chip, which directly determines its optical performance. In this paper, the design principles of periodically segmented waveguide (PSW) structure used for high-efficiency fiber-chip coupling are proposed, and the effects of refractive index difference Δ on coupling efficiency and structural parameters are studied by simulation. It is found that as the Δ of the PSW increases, the period of the PSW tends to be smaller, and the coupling efficiency decreases continuously, reduced by around 0.673 dB in the range of Δ = 3% to Δ = 7%. Through the analysis of PSW optical mechanisms, it demonstrates that the main reason for the decrease of coupling efficiency is that the transmission loss of the tapered section increases sharply with the increase of Δ. High-Δ PSW is difficult to apply to highly integrated silica optical chips due to the unignorably insertion loss.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70013860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wideband optical frequency comb generation using a fiber re-circulating loop cascaded with a spectrum expander including highly nonlinear fiber 利用光纤再循环环路与包含高度非线性光纤的频谱扩展器级联产生宽带光频梳
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Optica Applicata Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa210203
F. Wang, W. Kang
{"title":"Wideband optical frequency comb generation using a fiber re-circulating loop cascaded with a spectrum expander including highly nonlinear fiber","authors":"F. Wang, W. Kang","doi":"10.37190/oa210203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa210203","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband optical frequency comb (OFC) generator using a fiber re-circulating loop (FRL) including a phase modulator and optical amplifier, cascaded with a spectrum expander containing a high-power erbium-doped fiber amplifier and highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, in which the FRL is used as a source to generate seed comb lines, and then generated seed comb lines are extended to a wideband optical frequency comb using cascaded four-wave mixing in the HNLF. Only using one stage spectrum expander, a stable 20-GHz optical comb with 201 comb lines within 30-dB power deviation, spanning 40-nm bandwidth, is achieved. The results show that the HNLF has unique ability to broaden output spectrum from the FRL. In addition, an optical frequency comb is dramatically broadened, which may be predicted by optimizing gain and dispersion of the FRL or configuration of the spectrum expander, or both.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Investigation of a selectable multi-passband microwave photonic filter based on cascaded optical comb filters 基于级联光学梳状滤波器的可选多通带微波光子滤波器的研究
IF 0.6 4区 物理与天体物理
Optica Applicata Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.37190/oa210312
F. Wang, M.M. Peng
{"title":"Investigation of a selectable multi-passband microwave photonic filter based on cascaded optical comb filters","authors":"F. Wang, M.M. Peng","doi":"10.37190/oa210312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37190/oa210312","url":null,"abstract":"A multi-passband microwave photonic filter (MPF) with selectable passband frequency, spanning 0–20 GHz frequency range, is proposed, and experimentally demonstrated, in which passband frequency can be flexibly selected within a maximum passband number to four. The scheme is based on the generation of tunable optical comb lines using a broadband optical source sliced by cascaded optical comb filters, achieved by connecting an in-line birefringence fiber filter and a reconfigurable Lyot filter in series, such that various filter tap spacing and spectral combinations are obtained for the configuration of the MPF. The proposed MPF can operate with four different passband states, namely, single-, dual-, triple-, and quadruple-passband, only by adjusting polarization states of the cascaded optical comb filters. All these passbands are with a 3-dB bandwidth varying from 200 to 460 MHz and more than 20-dB sidelobe suppression.","PeriodicalId":19589,"journal":{"name":"Optica Applicata","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70013433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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