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Critical evaluation of vinflunine in the treatment of refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma. 长春氟宁治疗难治性转移性尿路上皮癌的关键评价。
Open Access Journal of Urology Pub Date : 2010-06-29
Armand Morel, Denis Talbot
{"title":"Critical evaluation of vinflunine in the treatment of refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma.","authors":"Armand Morel,&nbsp;Denis Talbot","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urothelial carcinoma (UC) accounts for 5% to 10% of malignancies in men in Europe and the United States. For locally advanced or metastatic disease, there are two standard firstline chemotherapy regimens: MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatin) and gemcitabine/cisplatin. For refractory disease, there is currently no standard treatment. Vinflunine, a second-generation Vinca alkaloid, is the first chemotherapeutic agent to be evaluated in a large UC second-line population. This review discusses the pre-clinical and clinical data published, and compares vinflunine to alternative single agents and combination regimens tested in this setting. Based on the results of the phase II and III clinical trials, there appears to be sufficient evidence to support the use of vinflunine in the second-line setting. </p>","PeriodicalId":19572,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Urology","volume":"2 ","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3819039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31839015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oxybutynin topical gel in the treatment of overactive bladder. 羟丁酸宁外用凝胶治疗膀胱过度活动症。
Open Access Journal of Urology Pub Date : 2010-06-16
G Willy Davila
{"title":"Oxybutynin topical gel in the treatment of overactive bladder.","authors":"G Willy Davila","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overactive bladder (OAB), often accompanied by urinary incontinence, is most prevalent among the elderly, but also affects many middle-aged men and women in the US. OAB may severely impair quality of life, and its overall economic costs to society are substantial. Although antimuscarinic agents relieve OAB symptoms effectively, treatment persistence generally is low. This has been attributed in part to the occurrence of dry mouth and other anticholinergic adverse events. High plasma concentrations of N-desethyloxybutynin (DEO), an active metabolite of oxybutynin, have been identified as the major cause of anticholinergic adverse effects associated with oral oxybutynin. Transdermal formulations of oxybutynin generate much lower DEO plasma concentrations compared with oral formulations. In a placebo-controlled US Phase III study in patients with OAB, the recently approved oxybutynin topical gel (OTG) was efficacious and well tolerated. Dry mouth occurred in 6.9% of patients treated with OTG and 2.8% of patients on placebo. Incidences of other anticholinergic events were low and similar for OTG and placebo. OTG rarely caused application site skin reactions. OTG provides significant benefits to patients with OAB, particularly those who are sensitive to anticholinergic adverse effects. </p>","PeriodicalId":19572,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Urology","volume":"2 ","pages":"91-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3818882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31839014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robot-assisted surgery: applications in urology. 机器人辅助手术:在泌尿外科的应用。
Open Access Journal of Urology Pub Date : 2010-05-19
Mathew C Raynor, Raj S Pruthi
{"title":"Robot-assisted surgery: applications in urology.","authors":"Mathew C Raynor,&nbsp;Raj S Pruthi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The past decade has seen a dramatic shift in the surgical management of certain urologic conditions with the advent of a robotic surgical platform. In fact, the surgical management of prostate cancer has seen the most dramatic shift, with the majority of cases now being performed robotically. Technical refinements over the years have led to improved outcomes regarding oncologic and functional results. Recently, robotic surgery has also been utilized for the surgical management of bladder cancer, renal cancer, and other benign conditions. As further experience is gained and longer-term outcomes are realized, robotic surgery will likely play an increasing role in the surgical management of many urologic conditions. </p>","PeriodicalId":19572,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Urology","volume":"2 ","pages":"85-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3818879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31839012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging intravesical therapies for management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. 膀胱内治疗非肌肉浸润性膀胱癌的新方法。
Open Access Journal of Urology Pub Date : 2010-05-19
Jeffrey J Tomaszewski, Marc C Smaldone
{"title":"Emerging intravesical therapies for management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.","authors":"Jeffrey J Tomaszewski,&nbsp;Marc C Smaldone","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the second most common urologic malignancy, and 70% of patients present with superficial or nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the most effective agent for preventing disease recurrence, and the only therapy able to inhibit disease progression. However, recurrence rates as high as 30% and significant local and systemic toxicity have led to increased interest in alternative intravesical therapies. In patients refractory or intolerant to BCG, BCG-interferon α2b, gemcitabine, and anthracyclines (doxorubicin, epirubicin, valrubicin) have demonstrated durable clinical responses. Phase I trials investigating alternative cytotoxic agents, such as apaziquone, taxanes (docetaxel, paclitaxel), and suramin are reporting promising data. Novel immunomodulating agents have demonstrated promise as efficacious alternatives in patients refractory to BCG. Optimization of existing chemotherapeutic regimens using hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, magnetically-targeted carriers, and liposomes remains an area of active investigation. Despite enthusiasm for new intravesical agents, radical cystectomy remains the treatment of choice for patients with NMIBC who have failed intravesical therapy and selected patients with naïve T1 tumors and aggressive features. This report provides a comprehensive review of contemporary intravesical therapy for NMIBC and refractory NMIBC, with an emphasis on emerging agents and novel treatment modalities. </p>","PeriodicalId":19572,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Urology","volume":"2 ","pages":"67-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3818881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31839013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bladder injuries frequently missed in polytrauma patients. 膀胱损伤在多发外伤患者中经常漏诊。
Open Access Journal of Urology Pub Date : 2010-05-14 eCollection Date: 2010-01-01
Tanweer Karim, Margaret Topno, Vinod Sharma, Raymond Picardo, Ankur Hastir
{"title":"Bladder injuries frequently missed in polytrauma patients.","authors":"Tanweer Karim,&nbsp;Margaret Topno,&nbsp;Vinod Sharma,&nbsp;Raymond Picardo,&nbsp;Ankur Hastir","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder injuries are very common in patients who have had road traffic accidents. The method of diagnosis and management of such injuries is well established and accepted. However, trauma to the bladder can be associated with other life-threatening injuries which are frequently missed, and often diagnosed during laparotomy for other reasons. The aim of this study was to diagnose bladder injury in polytrauma patients as early as possible, taking into consideration the fact that these patients are hemodynamically unstable and require rapid evaluation and management. In order to achieve our objective, we used bedside sonography with retrograde instillation of normal saline to diagnose bladder injury in addition to use of the conventional retrograde cystogram. </p>","PeriodicalId":19572,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Urology","volume":"2 ","pages":"63-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3818878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31840179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Outcome of pediatric hypospadias repair in adulthood. 小儿尿道下裂成人期的修复效果。
Open Access Journal of Urology Pub Date : 2010-04-29 eCollection Date: 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s6523
Boris Chertin, Dan Prat, Ofer Z Shenfeld
{"title":"Outcome of pediatric hypospadias repair in adulthood.","authors":"Boris Chertin, Dan Prat, Ofer Z Shenfeld","doi":"10.2147/rru.s6523","DOIUrl":"10.2147/rru.s6523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To review the evolution of the technique of hypospadias repair.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A search of Pubmed, Medline and the Journal of Pediatric Urology was performed, and papers dealing with surgical techniques for hypospadias repair were critally reviewed. Special emphasis was given to papers on the effects in the long term of hypospadias repair on voiding and sexual dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The techniques for hypospadias repair have evolved over the years. The most popular technique now is tubularized incised plate urethroplasty. Long-term results with the use of the new techniques of the hypospadias repair in terms of voiding and sexual problems should be addressed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a need for valid studies on the outcomes of hypospadias repair in adults that were performed in childhood in terms of cosmetic appearance, voiding and sexual performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19572,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Urology","volume":"2 ","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/rru.s6523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31840178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Obstructive renal injury: from fluid mechanics to molecular cell biology. 梗阻性肾损伤:从流体力学到分子细胞生物学。
Open Access Journal of Urology Pub Date : 2010-04-22 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s6597
Alvaro C Ucero, Sara Gonçalves, Alberto Benito-Martin, Beatriz Santamaría, Adrian M Ramos, Sergio Berzal, Marta Ruiz-Ortega, Jesus Egido, Alberto Ortiz
{"title":"Obstructive renal injury: from fluid mechanics to molecular cell biology.","authors":"Alvaro C Ucero,&nbsp;Sara Gonçalves,&nbsp;Alberto Benito-Martin,&nbsp;Beatriz Santamaría,&nbsp;Adrian M Ramos,&nbsp;Sergio Berzal,&nbsp;Marta Ruiz-Ortega,&nbsp;Jesus Egido,&nbsp;Alberto Ortiz","doi":"10.2147/rru.s6597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rru.s6597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract obstruction is a frequent cause of renal impairment. The physiopathology of obstructive nephropathy has long been viewed as a mere mechanical problem. However, recent advances in cell and systems biology have disclosed a complex physiopathology involving a high number of molecular mediators of injury that lead to cellular processes of apoptotic cell death, cell injury leading to inflammation and resultant fibrosis. Functional studies in animal models of ureteral obstruction using a variety of techniques that include genetically modified animals have disclosed an important role for the renin-angiotensin system, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and other mediators of inflammation in this process. In addition, high throughput techniques such as proteomics and transcriptomics have identified potential biomarkers that may guide clinical decision-making. </p>","PeriodicalId":19572,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Urology","volume":"2 ","pages":"41-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/rru.s6597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31840180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Post open prostatectomy bladder exteriorization mimicking "acquired bladder extrophy". 开放性前列腺切除术后膀胱外植模拟“后天性膀胱外植”。
Open Access Journal of Urology Pub Date : 2010-03-17 eCollection Date: 2010-01-01
Ao Takure, Vc Onuora, W Akerele
{"title":"Post open prostatectomy bladder exteriorization mimicking \"acquired bladder extrophy\".","authors":"Ao Takure,&nbsp;Vc Onuora,&nbsp;W Akerele","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 58-year-old Nigerian male had open prostatectomy undertaken in a private hospital 3 months before presenting at our out-patient clinic with leakage of urine and a widening supra pubic defect of 10 weeks duration. Examination showed the posterior bladder wall and visible trigone. Subsequently the defect was closed and he remained continent at follow up. </p>","PeriodicalId":19572,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Urology","volume":"2 ","pages":"31-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3818875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31840176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pazopanib and anti-VEGF therapy. 帕唑帕尼和抗vegf治疗。
Open Access Journal of Urology Pub Date : 2010-03-12
Harry A Drabkin
{"title":"Pazopanib and anti-VEGF therapy.","authors":"Harry A Drabkin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pazopanib (Votrient™, GlaxoSmithKline), a multi-kinase inhibitor with activity against VEGFR and other receptors, was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, we review the history of its development, together with an overview of VEGF and its receptors and co-receptors. Results from selected clinical trial data in RCC and other malignant diseases are presented. Based on available evidence, pazopanib is an effective VEGFR inhibitor with demonstrable clinical activity in metastatic RCC and promising activity in other diseases. Like most kinase inhibitors, its activity is not restricted to VEGF receptors, which is reflected in its side-effect profile. </p>","PeriodicalId":19572,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Urology","volume":"2 ","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3818876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31840177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social, economic, and health utility considerations in the treatment of overactive bladder. 膀胱过动症治疗的社会、经济和健康效用考虑。
Open Access Journal of Urology Pub Date : 2010-02-11 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s4166
Emilio Sacco, Daniele Tienforti, Alessandro D'Addessi, Francesco Pinto, Marco Racioppi, Angelo Totaro, Daniele D'Agostino, Francesco Marangi, Pierfrancesco Bassi
{"title":"Social, economic, and health utility considerations in the treatment of overactive bladder.","authors":"Emilio Sacco,&nbsp;Daniele Tienforti,&nbsp;Alessandro D'Addessi,&nbsp;Francesco Pinto,&nbsp;Marco Racioppi,&nbsp;Angelo Totaro,&nbsp;Daniele D'Agostino,&nbsp;Francesco Marangi,&nbsp;Pierfrancesco Bassi","doi":"10.2147/rru.s4166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/rru.s4166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overactive bladder (OAB) is a highly prevalent urinary syndrome with a profound impact on quality of life (QoL) of affected patients and their family because of its adverse effects on social, sexual, interpersonal, and professional function. Cost-of-illness analyses showed the huge economic burden related to OAB for patients, public healthcare systems, and society, secondary to both direct and indirect costs; however, intangible costs related to QoL impact are usually omitted from these analyses. Recently many novel treatment modalities have been introduced and the need to apply the modern methodology of health technology assessment to these treatment strategies was immediately clear in order to evaluate objectively their value in term of both improvement in length/quality of life and costs. Health utilities are instruments that allow a measurement of QoL and its integration in the economic evaluation using the quality-adjusted life-years model and cost-utility analysis. The development of suitable instruments for quantifying utility in the specific group of OAB patients is vitally important to extend the application of cost-utility analysis in OAB and to guide healthcare resources allocation for this disorder. Studies are required to define the cost-effectiveness of available pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapy options for this disorder. </p>","PeriodicalId":19572,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Urology","volume":"2 ","pages":"11-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/rru.s4166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31840175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
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