Open Archaeology最新文献_第9页

Iconographic Trends in Roman Imperial Coinage in the Context of Societal Changes in the Second and Third Centuries CE: A Small-Scale Test of the Affluence Hypothesis 公元二、三世纪社会变迁背景下罗马帝国铸币的肖像学趋势:富裕假设的小规模检验

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Open Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opar-2022-0308

T. Glomb, Vojtěch Kaše, Viktor Zavřel

{"title":"Iconographic Trends in Roman Imperial Coinage in the Context of Societal Changes in the Second and Third Centuries CE: A Small-Scale Test of the Affluence Hypothesis","authors":"T. Glomb, Vojtěch Kaše, Viktor Zavřel","doi":"10.1515/opar-2022-0308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0308","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a quantitative analysis of iconographic trends in the depiction of deities in the coinage of the Roman Empire throughout the second and third centuries CE to explore temporal shifts in Roman imperial propaganda in the context of developments and pressures in affluence, prosperity, and political stability. Next to providing deeper insight into the topic of Roman imperial ideology, the article’s main objective is to test the validity of the so-called affluence hypothesis from the debate on cultural evolution. The hypothesis predicts that an increase in affluence and prosperity leads to the emergence of moralizing themes in religion. Based on the comparison of the iconographic trends in Roman coinage, as represented by the Online Coins of the Roman Empire project portal of coin types, with changes in affluence and prosperity indicators for the period of the second and third centuries CE, the results suggest that in times of political stability and prosperity, Roman Empire emphasized moralizing deities on coins more often than in times of crisis. In contrast, martial deities and those oriented on dominating power were promoted on coins more frequently in turbulent times. In this small-scale case study, the results support the arguments of the affluence hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":19532,"journal":{"name":"Open Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45331627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environment and Plant Use at La Tourasse (South-West France) at the Late Glacial–Holocene Transition La Tourasse(法国西南部)冰川晚期-全新世过渡时期的环境和植物利用

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Open Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opar-2022-0292

A. Liard, C. Varea, François Orange, Jean Huot, Benjamin Marquebielle, A. Henry

{"title":"Environment and Plant Use at La Tourasse (South-West France) at the Late Glacial–Holocene Transition","authors":"A. Liard, C. Varea, François Orange, Jean Huot, Benjamin Marquebielle, A. Henry","doi":"10.1515/opar-2022-0292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0292","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study is to present new data on vegetation dynamics and plant collecting practices during the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene in southwestern France. La Tourasse cave is located in the Pyrenean piedmont plain, where the Azilian cultural complex was initially defined. The last excavations of the site took place in the 1980s and 1990s and the recovered materials are currently being studied or revisited from a multidisciplinary perspective. We present here the results of the charcoal analysis performed on La Tourasse’s Azilian (ca. 13000–11500 cal. BP) and Mesolithic (ca. 10500–9000 cal. BP) levels, complemented by the study of a small seed assemblage. Our results document the shift from an open landscape towards a forested environment, with the gradual passage from open vegetation dominated by shrubs of the Rose family (Prunus spp.) to the mixed oak forest, which speaks in favor of the biochronological coherence of this sequence. However, marked differences in taxonomic richness and state of the wood from one level to another, unrelated to the prevailing environmental conditions, suggest variable behavior of humans toward wood that could be the result of differing mobility strategies, hearth functionalities, or taxonomic preferences.","PeriodicalId":19532,"journal":{"name":"Open Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44029667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Motorways of Prehistory? Boats, Rivers and Moving in Mesolithic Ireland 史前高速公路?中石器时代爱尔兰的船只、河流和迁徙

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Open Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opar-2022-0305

Martin Moucheron

引用次数: 0

Earthen Architecture in Southern Algeria: An Assessment of Social Values and the Impact of Industrial Building Practices 阿尔及利亚南部的土制建筑:对社会价值和工业建筑实践影响的评估

3区历史学

Open Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opar-2022-0324

Haroune Ben Charif, Azeddine Belakehal, Sami Zerari

{"title":"Earthen Architecture in Southern Algeria: An Assessment of Social Values and the Impact of Industrial Building Practices","authors":"Haroune Ben Charif, Azeddine Belakehal, Sami Zerari","doi":"10.1515/opar-2022-0324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0324","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Earthen architecture constitutes a significant component of cultural heritage worldwide. However, this heritage is under threat due to a multitude of factors, including social, environmental, and economic changes. In South Algeria, earthen architecture is intimately linked to the identity of historic urban landscapes, particularly in Timimoun, the chief town of the gourara region. However, the shift towards industrial construction techniques and materials, encouraged by the state, has led to the abandonment of earthen houses and a neglect of traditional building culture. This poses questions about the evolving relationship between the inhabitants and their existing built environment in the context of changing social and economic conditions. To address this issue, we conducted an ethnographic study aimed to understand the significance and value of earthen architecture among local communities. Drawing on existing literature on the positive and negative views linked to earthen architecture, we employed a questionnaire to identify stakeholders’ preferences, choices, and attitudes towards this form of architecture. Through analysing the responses to the questionnaire, we have gained insight into the current state of earthen architecture and its significance. Our research findings provide valuable contributions to better comprehend the challenges faced by the preservation of earthen architecture and the cultural heritage it represents.","PeriodicalId":19532,"journal":{"name":"Open Archaeology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136206329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Archaeology of the Late Local Landscapes of the Hualfín Valley (Catamarca, Argentina): A Political Perspective from Cerro Colorado of La Ciénaga de Abajo Hualfín山谷(阿根廷卡塔马卡)晚期当地景观的考古学:从La ciacimnaga de Abajo的Cerro Colorado的政治视角

3区历史学

Open Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opar-2022-0318

Federico Wynveldt, María Emilia Iucci, Juan Manuel Sallés, Juana Fuertes

{"title":"Archaeology of the Late Local Landscapes of the Hualfín Valley (Catamarca, Argentina): A Political Perspective from Cerro Colorado of La Ciénaga de Abajo","authors":"Federico Wynveldt, María Emilia Iucci, Juan Manuel Sallés, Juana Fuertes","doi":"10.1515/opar-2022-0318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0318","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As seen in many examples of imperial expansions throughout history, the Inkas applied a whole range of policies strategically adapted for the different local organizations, in every corner of their empire, and local groups, in turn, were reconfigured based on the new conditions. Starting from the investigation of a group of late local landscapes of the Hualfín Valley (Department of Belén, Catamarca) in the Northwestern Argentina, from a critical perspective of the sociopolitical definitions classically given to these societies, the aim of this study consists of describing the spatial, social, and temporal dimensions of these landscapes and advancing the discussion about how local groups socially and politically organized themselves, in immediately pre-Inka times and after the incorporation of their territories into the Inka state. To this end, a brief discussion on the Late and Inka periods in Northwestern Argentina and theoretical guidelines for landscape analysis are presented. Then, we address the analysis of one of the landscapes in particular: the Cerro Colorado de La Ciénaga de Abajo and its surroundings, and we briefly analyze the cases of Asampay, Palo Blanco, and Puerta de Corral Quemado, and the regional landscape network.","PeriodicalId":19532,"journal":{"name":"Open Archaeology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136301952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of the Road in Settling a Mountainous Region 公路在山区安置中的作用

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Open Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opar-2022-0297

Martin Miňo

引用次数: 0

Wealth Consumption, Sociopolitical Organization, and Change: A Perspective from Burial Analysis on the Middle Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin 财富消费、社会政治组织与变革——从喀尔巴阡盆地青铜时代中期墓葬分析看

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Open Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opar-2022-0281

J. Laabs

{"title":"Wealth Consumption, Sociopolitical Organization, and Change: A Perspective from Burial Analysis on the Middle Bronze Age in the Carpathian Basin","authors":"J. Laabs","doi":"10.1515/opar-2022-0281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0281","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tracing the patterns of wealth consumption within and between burial communities can reveal different aspects of the sociopolitical and economic abilities of and relations between individuals, groups, and whole communities. For a cross-cultural comparison, burial communities of the cultural groups of the Hungarian Middle Bronze Age Vatya and Füzesabony pottery styles in the Carpathian Basin were chosen. Special emphasis is put on the development of the wealth consumption during the late phase of the Middle Bronze Age. It could be shown that Vatya and Füzesabony communities exhibit very similar patterns of wealth consumption and seemingly sociopolitical organization. In the cemetery of Dunaújváros-Duna-dűlő, a dynamic competition and cooperation between different social segments can be witnessed, representing an arena in which signaling the individual’s and groups’ ability to participate in sociopolitical organization of the burial community took place. The wealth consumption over the whole considered geographical space, and beyond, changes during the late Middle Bronze Age. It can be assumed that during the times of change, cultural convergence increases, as changes in burial rites and wealth consumption suggest. This development is possible because Vatya and Füzesabony shared a very similar sociopolitical organization as well as the perception of wealth and how it should be consumed.","PeriodicalId":19532,"journal":{"name":"Open Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47172449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The State of the Debate: Nuragic Metal Trade in the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age 争论的现状:青铜时代和早期铁器时代的努拉吉金属贸易

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Open Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opar-2022-0280

Valentina Matta, Helle Vandkilde

{"title":"The State of the Debate: Nuragic Metal Trade in the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age","authors":"Valentina Matta, Helle Vandkilde","doi":"10.1515/opar-2022-0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0280","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines the role of the Nuragic metal trade in the Mediterranean setting, seeking to advance the debate on this subject. Published metal-related data are considered alongside current interpretations. Although Sardinia is geologically rich in metals, including copper and lead (silver), scholars have nonetheless disagreed about the role of these metals in shaping the political economy of Nuragic Sardinia and its interaction with the outside world (c. 1350–720 BC). Traditionally the island has been seen as passively relying on the agency of foreign merchants from the eastern Mediterranean region. Lately, however, a divergent view has credited Sardinia with a more active and autonomous role in the Mediterranean marketplace. This study provides an analytical review of the complexity of such opinions, alongside isotope-derived and other archaeometallurgical evidence. As a scaffold for future inquiries, key features based on theoretical and historical perspectives are pulled together to form an exploratory model of Sardinia’s changing geopolitical position in the interlinked world of the Mediterranean between the Bronze and Iron Ages. The time around 1200 BC is identified as a major historical threshold.","PeriodicalId":19532,"journal":{"name":"Open Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49241492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

An Example of Geographic Network Analysis: The Case Study of the Fortore Valley (Molise and Apulia, Italy) 地理网络分析的一个例子:以意大利莫利塞和普利亚的福托尔山谷为例

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Open Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opar-2022-0315

Claudio Sossio De Simone

{"title":"An Example of Geographic Network Analysis: The Case Study of the Fortore Valley (Molise and Apulia, Italy)","authors":"Claudio Sossio De Simone","doi":"10.1515/opar-2022-0315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Today, the Fortore River is the geographic and administrative boundary between the regions of Molise and Apulia. In the past decade, scholars have debated Fortore’s role during the pre-Roman and Roman periods, specifically focusing on how this physical boundary may have influenced the interaction and connectivity between Samnium (modern-day Molise) and Daunia (modern-day northern Apulia). Both ancient literary sources and archaeological finds indicate the situation is complicated, and it is challenging to locate the geographical and cultural borders, especially in the pre-Roman period. This article suggests a model to understand the past interaction between the two modern-day areas of Macchia Valfortore (Molise) and Carlantino (Apulia). These sites were in the proximity of the Fortore River, and an investigation of material culture in both locations revealed a complex and diverse society between the sixth century BC and the first century BC. The small-scale spatial networks constructed help to explain the interchange dynamics between the two districts and, furthermore, how each of them related to the ancient road system. The case study demonstrates, moreover, how a not conventional archaeological approach may also highlight the prominence of river connections for economic and social development.","PeriodicalId":19532,"journal":{"name":"Open Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45155074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terminal Ballistics of Stone-Tipped Atlatl Darts and Arrows: Results From Exploratory Naturalistic Experiments 石头空射镖和箭的末端弹道:探索性自然实验的结果

IF 0.8 3区历史学

Open Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/opar-2022-0299

Devin B. Pettigrew, J. Garnett, Caden Ryals-Luneberg, Eric A. Vance

{"title":"Terminal Ballistics of Stone-Tipped Atlatl Darts and Arrows: Results From Exploratory Naturalistic Experiments","authors":"Devin B. Pettigrew, J. Garnett, Caden Ryals-Luneberg, Eric A. Vance","doi":"10.1515/opar-2022-0299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0299","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study describes an effective protocol for naturalistic archaeological weapons experiments that improves cross-validation with controlled experiments and allows testing of multiple hypotheses. Stone-tipped atlatl darts and arrows were launched by skilled users against fresh carcasses, with high-speed cameras and radar guns capturing details of ballistic performance, impacts to bone and stone armatures, and other variables. The results pertaining to terminal ballistics in soft tissues are presented, with implications for what made ancient hunting projectiles effective and can be observed archaeologically. Fine-grained knappable stones seem to produce sharper armatures that can dramatically improve penetration, and presumably, lethality. Two commonly used metrics by archaeologists for estimating armature efficacy, tip cross-sectional area (TCSA), and perimeter (TCSP), are not among the significant variables for capturing penetration depth in soft tissues. However, armatures with larger TCSAs tend to be fitted to larger shafts that carry more energy and penetrate more deeply, providing one method for predicting wounding potential. The variability within weapon systems means that isolating efficacy to individual variables, such as tip cross-sectional size of stone armatures, can lead to erroneous interpretations.","PeriodicalId":19532,"journal":{"name":"Open Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42462071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2