Oligonucleotides最新文献_第5页

A novel class of immune-stimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides unifies high potency in type I interferon induction with preferred structural properties. 一类新的免疫刺激CpG寡脱氧核苷酸在I型干扰素诱导中具有较高的效力和优先的结构特性。

Oligonucleotides Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2009.0210

Ulrike Samulowitz, Markus Weber, Risini Weeratna, Eugen Uhlmann, Bernhard Noll, Arthur M Krieg, Jörg Vollmer

{"title":"A novel class of immune-stimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides unifies high potency in type I interferon induction with preferred structural properties.","authors":"Ulrike Samulowitz, Markus Weber, Risini Weeratna, Eugen Uhlmann, Bernhard Noll, Arthur M Krieg, Jörg Vollmer","doi":"10.1089/oli.2009.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/oli.2009.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosin dinucleotide (CpG)-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have been well characterized as agonists for Toll-like receptor 9. We here describe a new class of CpG ODNs, the so-called P-Class, which combines preferred properties of known CpG ODN classes. This P-Class contains two palindromic sequences, enabling it to form concatamers, multimeric units, where each molecule is bound via Watson-Crick basepairing to a second and a third palindrome. The type I interferon-inducing potency and efficacy of the double-palindromic P-Class ODN is substantially higher than that of previously described C-Class ODNs, and they stimulate superior cytokine production upon in vivo application. The multimeric structures of the P-Class can be resolved to monomers and dimers by formulation in low-salt buffer, retaining the strong and potent immune effects. Taken together, we have discovered a novel class of CpG ODNs, the P-Class, with promising superior activity for disease application.","PeriodicalId":19523,"journal":{"name":"Oligonucleotides","volume":"20 2","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/oli.2009.0210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28915974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 73

Dz13 induces a cytotoxic stress response with upregulation of E2F1 in tumor cells metastasizing to or from bone. Dz13在骨转移或骨转移的肿瘤细胞中通过上调E2F1诱导细胞毒性应激反应。

Oligonucleotides Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2009.0224

Crispin R Dass, Mei Lin Tan, Stuart J Galloway, Peter F M Choong

{"title":"Dz13 induces a cytotoxic stress response with upregulation of E2F1 in tumor cells metastasizing to or from bone.","authors":"Crispin R Dass, Mei Lin Tan, Stuart J Galloway, Peter F M Choong","doi":"10.1089/oli.2009.0224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/oli.2009.0224","url":null,"abstract":"The oligonucleotide Dz13 is a DNA enzyme (deoxyribozyme) that cleaves c-Jun mRNA. It has efficacious effects against tumors directly, is active against tumor-induced angiogenesis, inhibits neointima formation after arterial injury, and controls inflammatory responses. The off-target effects of Dz13 may in fact be driving some of these potentially therapeutic effects, though no mechanisms have been clearly defined in target cells. To this end, we here show that when a panel of human tumor cells that naturally propagate in bone are challenged with Dz13, the tumor suppressor E2F1 is upregulated regardless of cellular p53 status. The piddosomal components, p53-induced protein with a death domain and caspase-2, were translocated to the nucleus when deoxyribozymes were incubated with cells, but RIP associated Ich-1/CED homologous protein with death domain levels increased throughout the cell with either Dz13 or its scrambled control oligonucleotide. In response to Dz13-mediated cytotoxicity, cells upregulated levels of ERK, Akt, and p38. Summarily, these results suggest a cytotoxic stress (resembling DNA damage) response of tumor cells to Dz13, which induces apoptosis via the activation of inhibitor of caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease and protein kinase C delta. In vivo, in tumor-in-bone orthotopic and clinically relevant models for prostate and breast cancer metastasis, and a novel spontaneously metastasizing model for osteosarcoma (OS), Dz13 decreased growth in bone, and also metastasis for OS. This new model for OS was assessed to be clinically relevant in its expression of typical bone markers, osteopontin and osteocalcin. These results provide an off-target mechanism for Dz13 function, but this may be useful therapeutically against tumors.","PeriodicalId":19523,"journal":{"name":"Oligonucleotides","volume":"20 2","pages":"79-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/oli.2009.0224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28934198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

The 10-23 DNA enzyme generated by a novel expression vector mediate inhibition of taco expression in macrophage. 通过新的表达载体产生的10-23 DNA酶介导巨噬细胞中taco的表达抑制。

Oligonucleotides Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2009.0217

Junming Li, Na Wang, Qing Luo, Lagen Wan

{"title":"The 10-23 DNA enzyme generated by a novel expression vector mediate inhibition of taco expression in macrophage.","authors":"Junming Li, Na Wang, Qing Luo, Lagen Wan","doi":"10.1089/oli.2009.0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/oli.2009.0217","url":null,"abstract":"The 10-23 DNA enzyme (10-23 DNAzyme), a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecule, can efficiently and specifically cleave almost any target RNA molecules. Therefore, it is regarded as one of the promising tools in gene therapy. However, there are still some obstacles, such as low efficiency of cellular uptake and instability in vivo, in its application. Taking advantage of the mechanism of Moloney mouse leukemia virus (MMLV) reverse transcriptase (RT), we investigate the construction of a novel ssDNA expression vector in this study. In order to improve the expression efficiency, the mmlv-rt gene and ODN-PMT (an oligodeoxynucleotide including other essential sequences for generating ssDNA) were cloned into a single plasmid under the control of 2 separated promoters. The ability of the vector to generate specific 10-23 DNAzyme in mammalian cell was tested by constructing a tryptophan-aspartate-containing coat protein (taco) gene-specific 10-23 DNAzyme expression plasmid. The potential of the expressed 10-23 DNAzyme to suppress TACO expression was also investigated. Our results indicated that this vector generates desired 10-23 DNAzyme in mammalian cells. The expressed 10-23 DNAzyme targeting taco gene can reduce TACO expression both at mRNA level (by 78.26%) and at protein level (by 75.30%).","PeriodicalId":19523,"journal":{"name":"Oligonucleotides","volume":"20 2","pages":"61-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/oli.2009.0217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28634642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Exonic sequences provide better targets for antisense oligonucleotides than splice site sequences in the modulation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy splicing. 在杜氏肌营养不良剪接调控中，外显子序列比剪接位点序列提供了更好的反义寡核苷酸靶点。

Oligonucleotides Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2009.0215

Annemieke Aartsma-Rus, Hellen Houlleberghs, Judith C T van Deutekom, Gert-Jan B van Ommen, Peter A C 't Hoen

{"title":"Exonic sequences provide better targets for antisense oligonucleotides than splice site sequences in the modulation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy splicing.","authors":"Annemieke Aartsma-Rus, Hellen Houlleberghs, Judith C T van Deutekom, Gert-Jan B van Ommen, Peter A C 't Hoen","doi":"10.1089/oli.2009.0215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/oli.2009.0215","url":null,"abstract":"Antisense-mediated exon skipping is currently the most promising therapeutic approach for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The rationale is to use antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) to hide exons from the splicing machinery, causing them to be skipped from the mature mRNA. Thus, the mutated, out-of-frame dystrophin transcripts as seen in DMD are reframed, allowing the generation of internally deleted, partly functional dystrophin proteins, rather than prematurely truncated, nonfunctional ones. This approach is mutation specific, so multiple AONs targeting all internal DMD exons have been designed and tested. Here, we have retrospectively compared our own set of 156 exon-internal AONs and 256 AONs as present in patents and publications from Dr. Wilton (Australia), which includes exon-internal as well as splice site-targeting AONs. Effective AONs are significantly more often exon-internal and, as anticipated, have better thermodynamic properties. Comparison of splice site and exon-internal AONs revealed that exon-internal AONs are more efficient and target more predicted exonic splicing enhancer and less predicted exon splicing silencer sites, but also have better thermodynamic properties. This suggests that exons may be better AON targets than introns per se, because of their higher GC content, which generally will result in improved AON binding.","PeriodicalId":19523,"journal":{"name":"Oligonucleotides","volume":"20 2","pages":"69-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/oli.2009.0215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28909514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Off-target analysis of control siRNA molecules reveals important differences in the cytokine profile and inflammation response of human fibroblasts. 对照siRNA分子的脱靶分析揭示了人类成纤维细胞的细胞因子谱和炎症反应的重要差异。

Oligonucleotides Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2009.0213

Patrick Baum, Katrin Fundel-Clemens, Sebastian Kreuz, Roland E Kontermann, Andreas Weith, Detlev Mennerich, Jörg F Rippmann

{"title":"Off-target analysis of control siRNA molecules reveals important differences in the cytokine profile and inflammation response of human fibroblasts.","authors":"Patrick Baum, Katrin Fundel-Clemens, Sebastian Kreuz, Roland E Kontermann, Andreas Weith, Detlev Mennerich, Jörg F Rippmann","doi":"10.1089/oli.2009.0213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/oli.2009.0213","url":null,"abstract":"The use of RNA interference for the manipulation of gene expression has seen great applications from basic science to clinical investigations. However, limited selectivity and the induction of off-target effects by double stranded RNA molecules have been analyzed and discussed since the discovery of this gene expression regulation mechanism. In this study, the specificity of 13 commercially available control siRNA molecules is addressed by the analysis of gene expression profiles in 2 human cell lines HT1080 and HaCaT and in the mouse cell line 3T3-L1. The off-target signatures of the transfected siRNA molecules differ greatly between the cell lines and only a small overlap was seen for the 2 human cell lines. In particular, the HT1080 cell line showed the highest number of detected gene expression differences. In these cells, several different control siRNA molecules activated a common profile of 79 deregulated genes including a reduced interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-24 expression. Functional analysis of MMP1 secretion and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induced IL-8 release revealed a reduction of NFkappaB signaling caused by at least 2 out of the 13 tested control siRNA molecules. Our findings strongly argue for a careful analysis of the control siRNA molecules for any given RNAi experiment.","PeriodicalId":19523,"journal":{"name":"Oligonucleotides","volume":"20 1","pages":"17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/oli.2009.0213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28617504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Competition between siRNA duplexes: impact of RNA-induced silencing complex loading efficiency and comparison between conventional-21 bp and Dicer-substrate siRNAs. siRNA双链之间的竞争:rna诱导沉默复合物负载效率的影响以及传统-21 bp和dicer -底物siRNA的比较。

Oligonucleotides Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2009.0195

Marcel Tanudji, Dorothy Machalek, Greg M Arndt, Laurent Rivory

{"title":"Competition between siRNA duplexes: impact of RNA-induced silencing complex loading efficiency and comparison between conventional-21 bp and Dicer-substrate siRNAs.","authors":"Marcel Tanudji, Dorothy Machalek, Greg M Arndt, Laurent Rivory","doi":"10.1089/oli.2009.0195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/oli.2009.0195","url":null,"abstract":"Cotransfection of a mixture of siRNAs species is typically used when simultaneous targeting of more than one mRNA is required. However, competition between siRNAs could occur and reduce the activity of some siRNAs within the mixture. To further study the factors affecting the degree of competition between siRNAs, we cotransfected luciferase targeting siRNAs with various irrelevant (ie, nonluciferase targeting) siRNAs into cells and examined differences in their competition profiles by assessing the effect on luciferase expression. We show that the degree of competition varies between irrelevant siRNAs and occurs at the point of RISC loading. Although the competition profile appears to be related to the calculated RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) loading potential, empirical testing is required to confirm the competitive effects. We also observed reduced competition with siRNAs in the Dicer-substrate format, presumably due to more efficient RISC loading as a consequence of the physical transfer of the processed siRNA from Dicer.","PeriodicalId":19523,"journal":{"name":"Oligonucleotides","volume":"20 1","pages":"27-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/oli.2009.0195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28533100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Remembering Paul On Pong Ts'o, Ph.D. (1929-2009). 纪念安邦曹博士(1929-2009)。

Oligonucleotides Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2009.2001.obt

Robert J Duff

引用次数: 1

Specific regulation of point-mutated K-ras-immortalized cell proliferation by a photodynamic antisense strategy. 光动力反义策略对点突变k -ras-永生化细胞增殖的特异性调控。

Oligonucleotides Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2008.0173

Maiko Higuchi, Asako Yamayoshi, Kiyoko Kato, Akio Kobori, Norio Wake, Akira Murakami

{"title":"Specific regulation of point-mutated K-ras-immortalized cell proliferation by a photodynamic antisense strategy.","authors":"Maiko Higuchi, Asako Yamayoshi, Kiyoko Kato, Akio Kobori, Norio Wake, Akira Murakami","doi":"10.1089/oli.2008.0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/oli.2008.0173","url":null,"abstract":"It has been reported that point mutations in genes are responsible for various cancers, and the selective regulation of gene expression is an important factor in developing new types of anticancer drugs. To develop effective drugs for the regulation of point-mutated genes, we focused on photoreactive antisense oligonucleotides. Previously, we reported that photoreactive oligonucleotides containing 2'-O-psoralenylmethoxyethyl adenosine (2'-Ps-eom) showed drastic photoreactivity in a strictly sequence-specific manner. Here, we demonstrated the specific gene regulatory effects of 2'-Ps-eom on [(12)Val]K-ras mutant (GGT --> GTT). Photo-cross-linking between target mRNAs and 2'-Ps-eom was sequence-specific, and the effect was UVA irradiation-dependent. Furthermore, 2'-Ps-eom was able to inhibit K-ras-immortalized cell proliferation (K12V) but not Vco cells that have the wild-type K-ras gene. These results suggest that the 2'-Ps-eom will be a powerful nucleic acid drug to inhibit the expression of disease-causing point mutation genes, and has great therapeutic potential in the treatment of cancer.","PeriodicalId":19523,"journal":{"name":"Oligonucleotides","volume":"20 1","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/oli.2008.0173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28617503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Sequence-specific correction of genomic hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase mutations in lymphoblasts by small fragment homologous replacement. 小片段同源置换对淋巴母细胞基因组次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤磷酸化核糖转移酶突变的序列特异性校正。

Oligonucleotides Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2009.0205

Babak Bedayat, Alireza Abdolmohamadi, Lin Ye, Rosalie Maurisse, Hooman Parsi, Jennifer Schwarz, Hamid Emamekhoo, Janice A Nicklas, J Patrick O'Neill, Dieter C Gruenert

{"title":"Sequence-specific correction of genomic hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase mutations in lymphoblasts by small fragment homologous replacement.","authors":"Babak Bedayat, Alireza Abdolmohamadi, Lin Ye, Rosalie Maurisse, Hooman Parsi, Jennifer Schwarz, Hamid Emamekhoo, Janice A Nicklas, J Patrick O'Neill, Dieter C Gruenert","doi":"10.1089/oli.2009.0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/oli.2009.0205","url":null,"abstract":"Oligo/polynucleotide-based gene targeting strategies provide new options for achieving sequence-specific modification of genomic DNA and have implications for the development of new therapies and transgenic animal models. One such gene modification strategy, small fragment homologous replacement (SFHR), was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively in human lymphoblasts that contain a single base substitution in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT1) gene. Because HPRT1 mutant cells are readily discernable from those expressing the wild type (wt) gene through growth in selective media, it was possible to identify and isolate cells that have been corrected by SFHR. Transfection of HPRT1 mutant cells with polynucleotide small DNA fragments (SDFs) comprising wild type HPRT1 (wtHPRT1) sequences resulted in clones of cells that grew in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) medium. Initial studies quantifying the efficiency of correction in 3 separate experiments indicate frequencies ranging from 0.1% to 2%. Sequence analysis of DNA and RNA showed correction of the HPRT1 mutation. Random integration was not indicated after transfection of the mutant cells with an SDF comprised of green fluorescent protein (GFP) sequences that are not found in human genomic DNA. Random integration was also not detected following Southern blot hybridization analysis of an individual corrected cell clone.","PeriodicalId":19523,"journal":{"name":"Oligonucleotides","volume":"20 1","pages":"7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/oli.2009.0205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28581616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

A high dose of IMT504, the PyNTTTTGT prototype immunostimulatory oligonucleotide, does not alter embryonic development in rats. 高剂量的IMT504 (PyNTTTTGT原型免疫刺激寡核苷酸)不会改变大鼠的胚胎发育。

Oligonucleotides Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2009.0206

Andrés Hernando-Insúa, Juan M Rodriguez, Fernanda Elías, Juan Fló, Ricardo López, Raul Franco, Nestor Lago, Jorge Zorzopulos, Alejandro D Montaner

{"title":"A high dose of IMT504, the PyNTTTTGT prototype immunostimulatory oligonucleotide, does not alter embryonic development in rats.","authors":"Andrés Hernando-Insúa, Juan M Rodriguez, Fernanda Elías, Juan Fló, Ricardo López, Raul Franco, Nestor Lago, Jorge Zorzopulos, Alejandro D Montaner","doi":"10.1089/oli.2009.0206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/oli.2009.0206","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are currently being evaluated as vaccine adjuvants for inducing protective immunity. As maternal vaccination is becoming increasingly common, the potential risk of vaccine formulation using ODN adjuvants should be warranted. A recent study performed in mice suggests that exposure to CpG motifs during pregnancy could result (although at very high doses as compared to the ones proposed for human vaccination) in fetal loss and morphological defects. PyNTTTTGT ODNs are immunostimulatory ODNs not bearing CpG motifs, which are very efficient vaccine adjuvants. In this report, we analyzed the potential teratogenic effect of its prototype IMT504 in rats. This animal model was chosen because PyNTTTTGT ODNs are barely active in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of IMT504 at a dose of 20 mg/kg (more than 1000 times higher than the one proposed for a vaccine dose in humans) at day 6 of pregnancy did not produce a significant decrease in the mean number of implanted fetuses or in the number of live pups delivered. Neither the fetuses nor the offspring presented malformations.","PeriodicalId":19523,"journal":{"name":"Oligonucleotides","volume":"20 1","pages":"33-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/oli.2009.0206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28533101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8