Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana最新文献

{"title":"THE ROLE OF PIVKAII ONCOMARKER IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: \u0000А LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"A. Aubakirova, G. Аbdilova, A. Nurgalyeva, G. Abdigakyeva, Ye. Serikuly, A. Baichalova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-59-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-59-63","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks sixth among the most common malignant neoplasms in the world and accounts for about \u00005.6% of all human malignant neoplasms. Despite encouraging progress in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC, the prognosis remains unsatisfactory, i.e., with a 5-year overall survival rate below 10.3%. However, the survival rate can reach 50-74% if early detection and therapeutic intervention are carried out on time. However, unfortunately, about 50% of HCC cases are diagnosed at a late stage. \u0000The protein induced by the absence of vitamin K or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), also known as Dez-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP), is another \u0000marker specific to HCC. In several studies, elevated PIVKA-II serum levels were associated with HCC. Many authors have proven the PIVKA-II \u0000applicability for HCC monitoring. \u0000This study aimed to compare the efficiency of alpha-fetoprotein and des-gamma-carboxyprothrombin serological markers in HCC. \u0000Methods: The study included the review of published articles on the causes of HCC and the analysis of literature to compare cancer markers \u0000efficacy, including PIVKA-II and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), in detecting HCC. \u0000Results: The published results evidence an important role of PIVKA-II in HCC early detection, since PIVKA-II elevation in risk-group patients \u0000predicts HCC development in two years. Higher PIVKA-II levels can indicate a bigger tumor or a higher clinical stage. Besides, HCC patients with \u0000metastasis to the lymph nodes and distant metastasis had much higher PIVKA-II levels compared to non-metastatic patients. So, high PIVKA-II \u0000levels can to a certain extent reflect poor prognosis in HCC patients. \u0000Conclusion: The reviewed publications report much higher PIVKA-II serum levels in patients with HCC compared to patients with benign liver \u0000diseases or healthy people. Besides, PIVKA-II has a higher diagnostic capacity than AFP due to its higher levels, sensitivity, and specificity. Thus, \u0000we can expect high sensitivity and efficiency of the PIVKA-II oncomarker in HCC early diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76567798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 PREVALENCE AMONG CANCER PATIENTS IN KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"S. Menbaev","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-10-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-10-17","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: The new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, has been spreading rapidly around the world since 2019, affecting the healthcare \u0000systems of most countries. According to recent studies, malignant diseases increase the susceptibility to COVID-19 and are a risk factor for worse \u0000clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 also increases the risk of disease progression in patients with malignancies. \u0000The study aimed to study the prevalence of COVID-19 among cancer patients in Kazakhstan. \u0000Methods: The analysis included open-access articles published since 2019 and indexed in PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and e-Library by keywords “cancer,” “malignant neoplasms,” “COVID-19”, “cancer patients,” “mortality risk.” The official statistics data, medical \u0000information systems of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Electronic Register of Cancer Patients, Electronic Register of Inpatient Patients), and official \u0000periodicals on cancer incidence and mortality for 2020-2021 and COVID-19 incidence and mortality for 2020-2022 in Kazakhstan were studied. \u0000Results: In the Republic of Kazakhstan, in 2020-2021, the highest cancer incidence was registered in the North Kazakhstan (1.79-1.87%), \u0000Pavlodar (1.57-1.63%), Karaganda (1.54-1.53%) and Kostanay (1.53%) regions. The lowest rates were recorded in the Turkestan (0.42-0.41%), \u0000Kyzylorda (0.57-0.59%), and Mangistau (0.62%) regions, and the city of Shymkent (0.60%). The highest cancer mortality in Kazakhstan was registered in the Turkestan (11.1%), Kyzylorda (10.2%), and Zhambyl (10.02%) regions in 2020, and in they Atyrau (25.4%), Turkestan (10.68%), and \u0000West Kazakhstan (10.30%) regions in 2021. \u0000The mortality from COVID-19 among patients registered for cancer in 2020 was the highest in the city of Astana (1.06%), the Kyzylorda \u0000(0.46%) and Turkestan (0.33%) regions, and in 2021 – in the cities of Shymkent (1.05%) and Astana (1,00%), the Atyrau (0.93%) and West Kazakhstan (0.94%) regions. \u0000Conclusion: Thus, COVID-19 prevalence among cancer patients and their increased mortality during the pandemic, including the cases where \u0000the main cause of death was not an oncological process but the consequences of the viral infection, evidence the need to adjust the rules of statistical recording of cancer patients morbidity and mortality, the algorithms and protocols of diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82749409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE USE OF IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS IN TREATING LOCALLY ADVANCED AND METASTATIC GASTRIC CANCER: A LITERATURE REVIEW","authors":"M. Dmitrenko, K. Smagulova, R. Abdrahmanov, R. Raskaliev, I. Turkpenova, E. Medetbekova, S. Kaldarbekov, A. Kuanysh, Z. Kenzhebayeva, D. Shayakhmetova, A. Zhiyenbayeva, A. Dzhakipbaeva","doi":"10.52532/2663-4864-2022-4-66-64-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2663-4864-2022-4-66-64-68","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms and ranks fifth in cancer incidence worldwide. The only curative approach to localized gastric cancer is radical surgery with or without prior chemotherapy. But chemotherapy is the main treatment method for metastatic or locally advanced gastric cancer. Later stages of gastric cancer are highly resistant to chemotherapy; therefore, there is a need for modern treatment approaches. Particular attention is paid to therapy for metastatic/locally advanced gastric cancer. \u0000 \u0000The study aimed to describe the possibilities of using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to treat metastatic or locally advanced gastric cancer. \u0000 \u0000Methods: The data from modern literary sources of recent years were studied using specialized scientific search engines: Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science for the possibility of promising application of various immunotherapeutic approaches in treating metastatic or locally advanced gastric cancer. \u0000 \u0000Results: The article describes modern methods of treatment of metastatic or locally advanced SC using ICIs, including PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, demonstrates the mechanisms of immunological surveillance, characteristics of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and their significance in suppressing the T-cell response. The effectiveness of using ICIs, particularly PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, has been established in the first and subsequent lines of therapy. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: ICIs are a recent finding in antitumor therapy. Frequent resistance of gastric cancer to chemotherapy urges the use of ICIs to treat advanced gastric cancer.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82666237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF TRENDS IN ONCOLOGICAL CARE FOR KIDNEY CANCER IN KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"S. Dyakov, Zhansaya Telmanova, Z. Bilalova, Z. Azhetova, G. Igissinova, S. Orozbaev, I. Kudaibergenova, N. Igissinov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-4-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-4-9","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Worldwide, kidney cancer (KC) ranks sixth among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men and 10th in women, accounting \u0000for 5% and 3% of all cancer diagnoses, respectively. In 2020, IARC reported 431,288 new cases and 179,368 deaths from KC worldwide. By 2040, \u0000they expect an increase of 40.4% in KC incidence (605,726 cases) and 59.4% in KC mortality (285,906 deaths). \u0000The aim was to analyze some kidney cancer indicators (incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification) to evaluate \u0000the oncological care in Kazakhstan in 2010-2019. \u000025. Ahmad O.E., Boschi-Pinto C., Lopez A.D., Murray C.J.L., \u0000Lozano R., Inoue M. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO \u0000standard. – GPE Discussion Paper Series: No.31. – EIP/GPE/EBD World \u0000Health Organization, 2001. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/defaultsource/gho-documents/global-health-estimates/gpe_discussion_ \u0000paper_series_paper31_2001_age_standardization_rates.pdf. \u000021.11.2022 \u000026. Мерков А.М., Поляков Л.Е. Санитарная статистика. – \u0000Ленинград: Медицина, 1974 г. – 384 с. [Merkov A.M., Polyakov L.E. \u0000Sanitarnaya statistika. – Leningrad: Medicina, 1974 g. – 384 s. (in Russ.)]. \u000027. Гланц C. Медико-биологическая статистика. Пер. с англ. \u0000— М.: Практика, 1998. – 459 с. \u000028. Расчет t-критерия Стьюдента при сравнении средних \u0000величин (онлайн калькулятор) [Raschet t-kriteriya St’yudenta pri \u0000sravnenii srednix velichin (onlajn kal’kulyator) (in Russ.)] // medstatistic. \u0000ru/calculators/averagestudent.html. 21.11.2022 \u000029. Закон Республики Казахстан. О государственной \u0000статистике: утв. 19 марта 2010 года, № 257-IV [Zakon Respubliki \u0000Kazaxstan. O gosudarstvennoj statistike: utv. 19 marta 2010 goda, № \u0000257-IV (in Russ.)] // http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/Z100000257 \u000030. WMA Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical \u0000Research Involving Human Subjects. – 2013. . 21.11.2022. \u000031. Alkhateeb S.S., Alkhateeb J.M., Alrashidi E.A. Increasing trends in \u0000kidney cancer over the last 2 decades in Saudi Arabia // Saudi Med J. – \u00002015. – Vol. 36. – P. 698-703. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2015.6.10841 \u000032. Arabsalmani M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Ghoncheh M., \u0000Hadadian F., Towhidi F., Vafaee K., Salehiniya H. Incidence and mortality of kidney cancers, and human development index in Asia; a matter \u0000of concern // J. Nephropathol. – 2016. – Vol. 6. – P. 30-42. https://doi. \u0000org/10.15171/jnp.2017.06 \u000033. Thorstenson A., Bergman M., Scherman-Plogell A.H., Hosseinnia \u0000S., Ljungberg B., Adolfsson J., Lundstam S. Tumour characteristics and \u0000surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma in Sweden 2005-2010: a population-based study from the national Swedish kidney cancer register // \u0000Scand. J. Urol. – 2014. – Vol. 48. – P. 231-238. https://doi.org/10.3109/21 \u0000681805.2013.864698 \u0000ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ \u0000Онкология и радиология Казахстана, №4 (66) 2022 9 \u0000Прозрачность исследования: Авторы несут полную ответственность за содержание данной статьи. \u0000Конфликт интересов: Авторы заявляют об отсутс","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88950493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROSTATE CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN REGION, 2010-2019","authors":"K. Umurzakov, D. Kaidarova, G. Shalgumbayeva, D. Nikoleshvili, A. Khaitmat, S. Sagidullin, A. Ibraev","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-18-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-18-23","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: From 2010 to 2019, prostate cancer morbidity increased, and prostate cancer mortality decreased in Kazakhstan. The peak incidence was observed in patients aged 70 years and older. The East Kazakhstan region had higher morbidity and mortality from prostate cancer \u0000than the national average. \u0000The study aimed to assess the indicators of prostate cancer epidemiology in the East Kazakhstan region from 2010 to 2019. \u0000Methods: The study calculated prostate cancer incidence, mortality, one-year and five-year survival, and early detection from 2010 to 2019. \u0000The statistical significance was assessed by the one-factor linear regression method. Intensive epidemiological indicators were calculated per 100 \u0000000 male population. \u0000Results: The prostate cancer incidence in East Kazakhstan increased from 2010 to 2019, while the mortality rate increased slightly. There was \u0000a statistically significant upward trend for morbidity (p=0.009) and a statistically insignificant trend for mortality (p=0.900). \u0000The one-year survival with prostate cancer tended to decrease. However, the trend of one-year survival rates had no statistical significance (p=0.202). \u0000The five-year survival rate of patients with prostate cancer in the East Kazakhstan region during the study period tended to decrease. However, \u0000the trend in the five-year survival rates of patients with prostate cancer in the East Kazakhstan region had no statistical significance (p=0.826). \u0000Early detection of prostate cancer in the early stages remained sustainable in the range of 72.7-77.4. In 2019, this indicator decreased to 63.2%. \u0000The share of prostate cancer cases detected at stage III tended to increase. The proportion of prostate cancer cases detected at stage IV tended \u0000to decrease during the study period. \u0000Conclusion: The prostate cancer epidemiological rates in East Kazakhstan were unstable in the study period. The incidence tended to increase; the mortality rate fluctuated within small limits and remained sustainable. The one-year survival rate tended to decrease. The five-year \u0000survival rate was slightly increasing. There was an increase in the detection of prostate cancer at stage III, while the detection at stage IV tended \u0000to decrease. Early detection of prostate cancer has decreased with an increase in detection at stage III. The proportion of prostate cancer cases \u0000detected at stage IV in the study period tended to decrease.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73488178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS \u0000IN KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"K. Batyrbekov, A. Galiakbarova","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-42-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-42-45","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a special disease characterized by metaplasia of the flat epithelium of the esophagus. \u0000The main danger of esophageal epithelial metaplasia is the high probability of develop-ing a malignant neoplasm at the site of the \u0000lesion – esophageal adenocarcinoma or can-cer of the cardioesophageal zone. \u0000The study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of new BE endoscopic treat-ment methods for their subsequent implementation \u0000in wide practice throughout the Re-public of Kazakhstan. \u0000Methods: This article presents cases of clinical use of argon plasma coagulation of dysplasia lesions less than 2.0 cm in two patients \u0000with Barrett’s esophagus and the use of loop resection of dysplasia lesions more than 2.0 cm in three patients with Barrett’s esophagus. \u0000Results: All the presented cases have shown the effectiveness of applied treatment. Control morphological examination showed no \u0000signs of BE in the epithelium. \u0000Conclusion: The presented article describes the results of the introduction of endo-scopic BE treatment methods in our clinic and is \u0000available for wide implementation throughout Kazakhstan. A widespread introduction of endoscopic treatment of precan-cerous pathology \u0000will reduce the incidence of esophageal cancer in the Kazakhstani population","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83861730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RECONSTRUCTIVE PLASTIC SURGERY INVOLVING THE PECTORALIS MAJOR MUSCLE FOR \u0000BASAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE FACIAL SKIN: \u0000A CLINICAL CASE","authors":"M. Kaibarov, N. Sloneva, D. Akhmetov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-46-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-46-52","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Basal cell skin cancer is the most common malignant skin tumor originating from epithelial cells. Reconstruction of altered tissues \u0000and organs is an urgent and significant medical and social problem. In particular, head and neck injuries are particularly difficult for functional, \u0000cosmetic, and aesthetic reconstruction. \u0000The article aimed to share the experience of performing reconstructive plastic surgery using the pectoralis major muscle at the Head and Neck \u0000Tumor Center of Kazakh Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology, JSC (KazIOR, Almaty, Kazakhstan). \u0000Methods: The article describes the experience, operation steps, and results of postoperative wound healing after reconstructive surgery for \u0000skin cancer progression. A split musculocutaneous flap with the inclusion of the pectoralis major on a vascular pedicle was used. The surgery was \u0000performed at the Center for Head and Neck Tumors of KazIOR. \u0000Results: Follow-up control 6 and 12 months after surgery showed that the musculocutaneous flap was intact. There was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. \u0000Conclusion: Musculocutaneous flaps involving the pectoralis major can successfully reconstruct combined extensive head and neck injuries.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89400863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE CUFF PRESSURE CONTROL DURING ANESTHESIA \u0000IN CANCER PATIENTS","authors":"N. Abdukhalilov, A. Arynov, D. Baidaulet, A. Nurmanova, E. Seidalieva, V. Chursin","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-38-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-38-41","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: An endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff provides a seal and encloses the lower airway from aspiration. Normally, the pressure in the \u0000ETT cuff is in the range of 20 to 30 cm of water column. Both increased and insufficient inflation of the ETT cuff is associated with a number of \u0000complications. \u0000The purpose of the research: comparison of palpation and apparatus methods of pressure control in the cuff of the endotracheal tube during \u0000anesthesia in cancer patients. \u0000Methods: A prospective observational study included 60 patients during general anesthesia in the department of anesthesiology and intensive \u0000care of KazIOR. Air was injected into the ETT cuff using a syringe, followed by palpation of the ETT cuff balloon and pressure control using the \u0000IntelliCuff device (Hamilton Medical, Switzerland). The actual pressure was compared with normal values, then the volume of air, actual and necessary to achieve normal pressure, was estimated. \u0000Results: assessment of the pressure level by the “classic” palpation method led to errors in the pressure level in the ETT cuff in more than 50% \u0000of cases; the normal level of pressure was only in 25 patients (42%), while the measured air volume in the cuff was on average 5.9±1.9 ml, although \u0000for the average air volume to achieve a pressure of 25 mm of water column was 3.9 ml, which led to an overestimated level of pressure in the ETT cuff. \u0000Conclusion: Determining ETT cuff pressure by palpation of the control balloon, while common practice, often results in incorrect pressure \u0000readings. At the same time, both high and low pressure in the ETT cuff are associated with the development of complications. The use of devices \u0000for measuring pressure in the ETT cuff allows you to control its level, while devices that allow prolonged monitoring of pressure in the ETT cuff \u0000have an advantage","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78839859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S-DETECT FUNCTION AS THE LATEST METHOD OF ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION \u0000OF MAMMARY GLAND FORMATIONS: \u0000COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS","authors":"A. Kultaev, I. Zakiryarov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-24-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-4-66-24-32","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: Breast masses remain a public health dilemma worldwide. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. So, \u0000in Kazakhstan in 2018-2019. Breast cancer ranked 3rd in the structure of mortality from malignant diseases, with a share of 8.7-8.1%. \u0000Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. According to the WHO, over 2.2 million breast cancer cases were registered in 2020. \u0000In the world, breast cancer ranks fifth among the causes of death (685,000 deaths per year). \u0000On average, about 3000 breast cancer cases are detected in the Republic of Kazakhstan annually, and more than 1380 women die from this \u0000disease. The high rate of increase in morbidity and mortality, which is ahead of most other tumors, puts the problem of breast cancer in the lead. \u0000The rapid progress of technological developments in medicine has positively influenced the diagnosis of breast formations. Samsung Medison \u0000introduced the S-Detect function for the breast, which allows you to highlight the formation and characterize the affected area. Previously, reliable \u0000assessments were made using sonoelastography methods. \u0000The study aimed to determine the role of the S-Detect function in the differential diagnosis of breast masses. \u0000Methods: A comparative analysis of images taken with the S-Detect function and the sonoelastography method was carried out in 50 patients. \u0000Results: The S-Detect program made it possible to make a correct diagnosis in 87-93% (46 out of 50) of cases, confirmed by the results of \u0000morphological verification (histology, cytology). The sonoelastography method showed correct results in 75-80% (40 out of 50) cases. \u0000Conclusion: The use of S-Detect technology in analyzing the nature of formations in the mammary glands showed good agreement with \u0000B-mode, color (CFM) and power Doppler. S-Detect technology can be effectively used by novice radiologists when writing conclusions.","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"632 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74726671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF MACHINE LEARNING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL \u0000FOR PREDICTING THE SURVIVAL OF LUNG CANCER PATIENTS \u0000IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN","authors":"V. Makarov, D. Kaidarova, S. Yessentayeva, J. Kalmatayeva, М. Мansurova, N. Каdyrbek, R. Kadyrbayeva, S. Оlzhayev, I. Novikov","doi":"10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-4-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52532/2521-6414-2022-3-65-4-11","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance: The 5-year overall survival rate(s) in NSCLC p-stage IA is 73%, and the recurrence rate in radically treated patients is almost 10%. \u0000The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of several clinical and morphological factors and apply machine learning algorithms \u0000to predict the results of overall survival of patients with lung cancer. \u0000Methods: The forms 030-6/y C34 – lung cancer (n=19,379) from the EROB database for 2014-2018 were analyzed, and the impact of risk \u0000factors on overall survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Accordingly, the training data set for constructing forecasting models \u0000included 19,379 observations and 15 factors. The machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest Classifier, Gradient Boosting Classifier, \u0000Logistic Regression Model, Decision Tree Classifier, and K Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Classifier were implemented in the Python programming lan- guage. The results were evaluated by constructing an error matrix, calculating classification metrics: the proportion of correctly classified objects \u0000(accuracy) during training and validation (validation), accuracy (precision), completeness (recall), Kappa-Cohen. \u0000Results: In our study, 19,379 patients were analyzed, including 15,494 men (79.95%) and 3,885 women (20.04%). At the time of the study, 6,171 \u0000men (39.8%) and 1,962 women (49.5%) were alive. Median survival was 8.3 months (SE – 0.154 months, 95% CI – 7.96-8.56) in men and 15.43 \u0000months (SE – 1.0 months, 95% CI – 13.497-17.363) in women. At diagnosis, 1,037 patients (5.35%) had stage I disease, other 4,145 (21.38%) had \u0000stage II. Most patients (61.4%) had advanced stage NSCLC: 9,189 people (47.4%) were diagnosed with stage III, and 4,655 (24%) – with stage IV. The \u0000reliability of differences in median survival (χ2=3991.6, p=0.00) indicated the prognostic significance of the tumor process stage and its influence on \u0000the patient’s survival. Also, the revealed significant difference in the median survival of patients with various morphological forms of lung cancer sug- gests the prognostic significance of the morphological factor (the difference between those indicators was statistically significant, χ2=623.4 p=0.000). \u0000Conclusion: Machine learning models can predict the risk of fatal outcomes for patients after surgical treatment and registration in the EROB \u0000database. The creation of patient-oriented systems to support medical decision-making makes it possible to choose the optimal strategies for adju- vant therapy, dispensary observation, and frequency of diagnostic studies","PeriodicalId":19480,"journal":{"name":"Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81183828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}