Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Local Community Perceptions on Climate Change and Variability and its Effects on Crop Production in Selected Districts of Western Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Mekonnen H. Daba","doi":"10.4172/2332-2594.1000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2594.1000216","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding of local people’s perception on environmental conditions is crucial to design and implement appropriate adaptation strategies to climate change and variability. This study looked at communities’ perception of climate change impacts, barriers and effective adaptation strategies towards climate change in selected districts of western Oromia. This study examines smallholder farmers’ perceptions of climate variability, climate change and its impacts on crop production, and adaptation strategies adopted over the past three 30 years. Survey data were collected from 204 respondents using both qualitative and quantitative approaches through purposive sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics such as percentage and frequency were used for data analysis. The results of the study showed that the respondents were perceived, the occurrence of climate change in terms of increase in temperatures, decrease in rainfall and change in timing of rain, change in the onset of rains, erratic rainfall pattern. The study also indicated that due to climate change induced factors the agricultural productivity was reduced from time to time. The results show that about 80%) of farmers who participated had observed recent changes in climate. Perceptions of local communities on climate change and variability are consistent with the analyzed historical climate data. The analyzed climate data show fluctuations in onset date, cessation date and length of growing season (LGS) and change in climate. Farmers perceived weather related problems such as low rain, drought, flood, heat, cold, strong wind that led increased farming problems such as soil erosion, loss of soil fertility; reduction in crop yields and high rate of disease occurrence. The impacts of climate change on crop production were revealed by changes in start of farming season; including: rainfall coming early or late, decrease in rainfall, increase in temperature and increase in farming problems, in particular, increase in soil erosion, loss of soil fertility and reduction in crop yields. The results showed that farmers perceived climate change in terms of changes in rainfall and temperature, increase in drought condition, crop pests and diseases. Those changes had significant impact on farmers’ households whose income depends on rain fed farming. The findings revealed that the impacts of climate in rural areas include reduced in crop yield (49%); increase in pest and disease (34%) and soil erosion (98%). \u0000Respondents perceived the main cause of climate change was human action through; intensified agriculture, deforestation, increased use of fossil fuel and use of chemical fertilizer on farms. Therefore, to adapt to the changing in climate, farming community practiced some adaptation measure. The adaptation measures identified were soil and water conservation, crop rotation, change crop varieties, change planting dates, late planting, diversification of crop types and varieties, drought resistant variet","PeriodicalId":194677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128937264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Climate Change Signals from Downscaled Temperature Data in Umuahia Metropolis, Abia State, Nigeria","authors":"Ozabor F, Nwagbara Mo, Weli Ve","doi":"10.4172/2332-2594.1000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2594.1000215","url":null,"abstract":"This study was about Identifying climate change, by adopting the downscaling techniques in Umuahia metropolis. The study adopted ex-post-facto research design and data for maximum and minimum temperatures were collected from the archive of NIMET and for the period 1986-2015. On the other hand large scale predictor’s data were collected from the archive of HadCM3 for these periods 1960-2001 (NCEP) and 1960-2099(HadGCM3). Analyses were done using SDSM, ANOVA, PPMC and MLR. The study unraveled that, Mean sea level pressure (MSLP), Relative humidity at 500 hpa (r500), Relative humidity at 850 hpa (r850), and Temperature at 2 meters above sea level (temp) are the predictors of minimum and maximum temperature in the area. This also showed statistical significance at P<0.05. During validation the monthly sub-model performed better by using these indices for minimum and maximum temperatures respectively R20.85 & 0.70; RMSE 2.14 & 2.72; Rs 0.88 & 0.56; Value 0.00 & 0.00. Conversely, minimum and maximum temperature showed temporal variation for the period 1960-2080 at P<0.05 (F, 284.1) & p<0.05 (F, 227.1) respectively, therefore indicating significant change in temperature characteristics. The study strongly advocate assembling a working group that will work on a regional downscaling project, forging a synergy between Nigerian meteorological agency and the working group, producing a localized GCM, and the need to carry out similar study across the other regions of Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":194677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting","volume":"45 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121131253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Precipitation Trend and Homogeneity Analysis in Komadugu-Yobe Basin, Lake Chad Region","authors":"O. E. Adeyeri, Lamptey Bl, L. Ae, Sanda Is","doi":"10.4172/2332-2594.1000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2594.1000214","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the spatio-temporal trends and homogeneity analysis of rainfall over the Komadugu-Yobe basin using data from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet), Department of National Meteorology Niger (DMN) and a 10 km resolution gridded observation data from Princeton University (PGF) for the period 1979 and 2015. The data, analysed at the annual and seasonal (wet and dry seasons) timescales, were subjected to Mann-Kendal including modified Mann-Kendall trend test after testing for autocorrelation. Test for homogeneity was performed on the data using Pettitt’s, Buishand’s, Standard Normal Homogeneity Test and van Belle and Hughes’ test. An overall homogenous trend of rainfall series was observed in the basin for all the seasons considered using van Belle and Hughes’ homogeneity trend test. The global rainfall trend increases in the dry season and decreases in the annual and wet seasons for the period of study. Pettitt’s homogeneity test for the annual and wet season rainfall series showed that change points were detected in the year 2005 for nine grids out of fifteen over the basin at 5% significant level. This study therefore, shows the importance of understanding the spatial and temporal distribution and trends in rainfall for effective planning and management of water resources in the basin.","PeriodicalId":194677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134238974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Indication and Projection Over Bale Highlands, Southeastern Ethiopia","authors":"Legese W","doi":"10.4172/2332-2594.1000212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2594.1000212","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate has been changing and in fact expected to change in more shocking degree. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to understand climate change signal, downscale climate change scenario for Bale highlands using CORDEX_GCM Models and identify the occurrence of climate change signal in Bale highlands. This study was aimed to make in-depth statistical analysis on past and future climatic trend, rainfall patterns and temperature trends as well as changes for various time scales over Bale highlands. Climate data recorded at meteorological station located in Bale highlands were obtained from National Meteorological Agency Bale Robe Meteorological Branch Directorate while model output of the two RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios was downloaded from CORDEX Africa Group Data library. Various statistical techniques were employed on rainfall and temperature to analyze and interpret the past and future climatic condition for rainy season over the Bale highlands. The results revealed that the climate change signal was appear over Bale Highlands. The change in temperature over Bale highlands under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios shown as an increase for the period of near century, mid-century and end century. Changes of temperature under RCP8.5 was higher than the change of temperature in RCP4.5 scenario for all three periods (near, mid and end Century). Rainfall change for near, mid and end centuries under RCPs scenarios were variable.","PeriodicalId":194677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114206450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainties in the Estimation of Global Observational Network Datasets of Precipitation over West Africa","authors":"O. J. Matthew, O. E. Abiye, L. Sunmonu, M. Ayoola, Oluyede Ot","doi":"10.4172/2332-2594.1000210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2594.1000210","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the uncertainty in estimating long-term (1971-2010) mean precipitation, its inter-annual variability, and linear trend of three network observation datasets over West Africa. A reference data, defined as a multi-dataset ensemble of precipitation observations of the Climate Research Unit (CRU) of the University of East Anglia, the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) and the University of Delaware (UDEL), all at horizontal resolutions of 0.5° by 0.5° were obtained and used in this study. Uncertainties in these climatological parameters of precipitation at both annual and seasonal time scales were examined in terms of inter-dataset variability using signalto- noise ratio (SNR), correlation, root-mean-square errors and the normalised standard deviation. Results showed that the mean, inter-annual variability and trends climatology varied for different datasets. The three datasets had good agreement (SNR>5) in terms of the annual mean precipitation and its inter-annual variability in most parts of West Africa. However, the agreement between the datasets was poor in the very dry Sahel parts of northern Niger, Mali, and Mauritania (SNR ≤ 1) due to very little precipitation and possibility of relatively low station density in these regions of complex terrain. In terms of correlation (0.89 ≤ r ≤ 0.98), and normalised standard deviation, NSD (0.8 ≤ NSD ≤ 1.7), the uncertainties in the spatial variations in linear trend were larger than mean precipitation and their inter-annual variability for both annual and seasonal scales. The long-term annual precipitation trend in the region is highly uncertain except in a few small areas.","PeriodicalId":194677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123363140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weather Transition Periods in Ghana","authors":"M. Padi","doi":"10.4172/2332-2594.1000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2594.1000211","url":null,"abstract":"The transition periods in Ghana are quite interesting because of the hazards they create to the general public and especially the aviation industry. Strong winds accompany rain storms to rip off roofs of buildings. Dust haze will reduce visibility and affect activities of flight operations. Flight routes and destinations will have to be changed for safety measures. Meteorologists in Ghana have studied the synoptic features that trigger these activities. These features include the ITB (Inter Tropical Boundary), the Equatorial Trough and the nature of airmass affecting the West African sub region.","PeriodicalId":194677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131748964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Building Business is Booming","authors":"R. Snow, M. Snow","doi":"10.4172/2332-2594.1000e112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2594.1000e112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":194677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134431918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Agro Climate Study - Atmospheric Teleconnection","authors":"Sarma Aaln","doi":"10.4172/2332-2594.1000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2594.1000209","url":null,"abstract":"The year climate signal of the equatorial Pacific Ocean sea surface pattern in association with the Southern Oscillation has been responsible in altering weather systems in impacting the aberrated climate scenario across the globe. A comparison of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) pattern over the five selected regions in India with the derived moisture adequacy from the water balance model and multivariate ENSO index unfolded the phenological feature of greenness up and down with a lag. It is assumed that a 60% of moisture adequacy is essential for the sustenance of crop or vegetation growth and development and can be traced in metric of NDVI. A statistical model is suggested for All India rice yield and is of useful in agrometeorological advisories.","PeriodicalId":194677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128958660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Arctic Circulation and Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall","authors":"S. Kakade, A. Kulkarni","doi":"10.4172/2332-2594.1000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2594.1000208","url":null,"abstract":"The cluster regions for different meteorological fields at lower, mid and upper troposphere are identified using Shared Nearest Neighbor (SNN) algorithm. The relationships among weather conditions over the Arctic cluster regions, Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) and Arctic oscillation are studied. It is observed that Arctic oscillation and mid tropospheric zonal wind anomaly over cluster region [60°N-70°N; 5°W-55°W] are directly correlated with each other in winter season and this relationship in turn influences ISMR. During contrasting phases of ESI (Effective Strength Index) tendency, the significant inverse relationship between zonal wind anomaly over Arctic clusters and ISMR show spatial and temporal variability. During positive (negative) ESI-tendency, lower tropospheric (upper tropospheric) temperature and pressure anomalies over respective cluster regions in Arctic have relationship with ISMR.","PeriodicalId":194677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125745583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Dust-Full Particles in Three Stations of Birjand City in Eastern Iran","authors":"Amin Donyaei, A. Pourkhabbaz","doi":"10.4172/2332-2594.1000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-2594.1000207","url":null,"abstract":"Dust storms happening frequently in arid and semiarid regions of the world carry huge amount of particulate matters; hence, these are recognized as one of the most important environmental issues at regional and international scales. This study aimed to evaluate heavy metals laden dustfall particles in Birjand, East Iran. Sampling of dustfall particles was conducted once every 1 month from July 2016 for 6 month at three stations of Agriculture university, Aboozar avenue, and Shokat university simultaneously using Deposit Gauge Method. The concentration of Fe and Mn were measured using Flame Atomic. Absorption Spectroscopy and Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was used for analyzing Cd, Cr, Pb, As, Cu, and Zn. Then, pollution levels for the heavy metals were evaluated using Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo) and Integrated Pollution Index (IPI). Mineralogy and morphology of the dustfall particles were inspected using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Igeo index indicated that levels of pollution for Pb and Zn higher than other among the dustfall particles of the three stations whereas the concentrations of the other heavy metals were not evaluated as contaminant. Moreover, means of IPI values calculated for stations of Agriculture, Aboozar, and Shokat were 1.51, 1.99 and 1.66 respectively. X-ray diffraction revealed abundance of silicate (quartz) and carbonate (calcite) minerals in dustfall particles. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy emphasized on similarity of shape of dustfall particles in the three stations. Mean of dustfall particles on area unit in Shokat station was less than Agriculture and Aboozar.","PeriodicalId":194677,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133366453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}