{"title":"Morphology of the lingual papillae of the eland (Taurotragus oryx).","authors":"S. Emura","doi":"10.2535/ofaj.93.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2535/ofaj.93.99","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the dorsal lingual surfaces of an adult eland (Taurotragus oryx) by scanning electron microscopy. Filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were observed. The filiform papillae of the lingual apex consisted of a larger main papilla and smaller secondary papillae. The connective tissue core of the filiform papilla was U-shaped. The fungiform papillae were round in shape. The connective tissue core of the fungiform papilla was flower-bud shaped. The filiform papillae of the lingual body consisted of a main papilla and were big as compared to that of the lingual apex. The connective tissue core of the filiform papilla resembled that of the lingual apes. The lenticular papillae of large size were limited on the lingual prominence. The connective tissue core of the lenticular papilla consisted of numerous small spines. The vallate papillae were located on both sides of the posterolateral aspects. The vallate papillae were flattened-oval shaped and the papillae were surrounded by a semicircular trench. The connective tissue core of the vallate papilla was covered with numerous small spines. The lingual surface of the eland closely resembled that of the family Bovidae.","PeriodicalId":19462,"journal":{"name":"Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica","volume":"93 3 1","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73609528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphology of the lingual papillae of the Asian short-clawed otter.","authors":"S. Emura, K. Sugiyama","doi":"10.2535/ofaj.93.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2535/ofaj.93.105","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the dorsal lingual surface of an adult Asian short-clawed otter (Aonyx cinerea) by using scanning electron microscopy. The filiform papilla on the lingual apex had some pointed processes. The connective tissue core of the filiform papillae consisted of several rod-like processes, and the connective tissue core with a long process was rarely observed. The filiform papilla on the lingual body had several pointed processes and the fungiform papilla had smooth surface. The connective tissue core of the filiform papillae consisted of a large main and several small processes. The vallate papillae were surrounded by a groove and some pads, and many processes were observed on this surface. The tongue of the Asian short-clawed otter was different from that of the Japanese marten belong to family Mustelidae.","PeriodicalId":19462,"journal":{"name":"Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica","volume":"18 1","pages":"105-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83404391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masahito Yamamoto, Y. Shiraishi, Kei Kitamura, Z. Jin, G. Murakami, J. Rodríguez-Vázquez, S. Abe
{"title":"Early embryonic development of long tendons in the human foot.","authors":"Masahito Yamamoto, Y. Shiraishi, Kei Kitamura, Z. Jin, G. Murakami, J. Rodríguez-Vázquez, S. Abe","doi":"10.2535/OFAJ.93.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2535/OFAJ.93.59","url":null,"abstract":"To examine a common plantar tendinous plate for long flexors of the toe and fingers in human embryos, we observed sections of 10 embryos at 5-6 weeks (crown-rump length or CRL 15-21 mm). The heel or tuber of the calcaneus was underdeveloped in 3 embryos with CRL 15 mm and the talus appeared not to be piled up on the calcaneus but these two bones were arranged along the lateromedial axis. As reported in the hand, we demonstrated, in the deep side of tarsal bones, a common tendinous plate formed by a joining of the flexor halluces longus and flexor digitorum longus tendons. In the tendinous plate, much or less, some connections between tendons seemed to remain even after birth to provide much greater types of tendon anomalies than in the hand. In addition, we postulated a hypothetical change in course of the peroneus longus tendon. In the initial phase, because of the underdeveloped calcaneus, the peroneus tendon might take an almost straight course similar to long flexor tendons. However, at 6 weeks and later, the inferomedially expanding calcaneus beneath the talus was likely to push the tendon to the cuboid bone.","PeriodicalId":19462,"journal":{"name":"Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica","volume":"13 1","pages":"59-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88751605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corrigenda: a histological study of mineralised tissue formation around implants with 3D culture of HMS0014 cells in Cellmatrix Type I-A collagen gel scaffold in vitro [Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica Vol. 91 (2014), No. 3 pp. 57-71].","authors":"Aiko Morishita, Shunji Kumabe, Michiko Nakatsuka, Yasutomo Iwai","doi":"10.2535/ofaj.92.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2535/ofaj.92.31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19462,"journal":{"name":"Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica","volume":"92 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34071635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Naitoh, T. Arikawa, Wataru Nishiyama, K. Gotoh, H. Nawa, O. Fukuta, E. Ariji
{"title":"Observation of maxillary incisive canal using dry skulls between Hellman's dental age IA and IIIC.","authors":"M. Naitoh, T. Arikawa, Wataru Nishiyama, K. Gotoh, H. Nawa, O. Fukuta, E. Ariji","doi":"10.2535/ofaj.92.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2535/ofaj.92.37","url":null,"abstract":"The maxillary incisive canals were observed in childhood from infancy to school-aged children to clarify their development. Cone-beam computed tomography was performed to investigate 44 dry child skulls. Two-dimensional images of various planes in the maxillary incisive canal were reconstructed on a computer using 3-dimensional visualization and measurement software. Then, antero-posterior angulation, and antero-posterior and lateral axes of the maxillary incisive canal were measured at the inferior and middle levels. The mean difference of angulation between the inferior and middle levels was 2.3 degrees in IIC, and 11.1 degrees in IIIC. The mean ratio of the lateral axis to antero-posterior axis at the middle level was 2.54 in IIC, and 1.93 in IIIC. In conclusion, it was antero-posteriorly straight from IA to IIC, and, after IIIA, it curved at the middle level. The cross-sectional shape in IIC was depressed with a larger lateral axis.","PeriodicalId":19462,"journal":{"name":"Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica","volume":"71 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76543502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kodai Tomioka, M. Murakami, Akira Saito, H. Ezure, H. Moriyama, Ryoichi Mori, N. Otsuka
{"title":"Morphometric and quantitative evaluation of the gastroepiploic artery.","authors":"Kodai Tomioka, M. Murakami, Akira Saito, H. Ezure, H. Moriyama, Ryoichi Mori, N. Otsuka","doi":"10.2535/ofaj.92.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2535/ofaj.92.33","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The gastroepiploic artery (GEA) has been described in various ways by anatomical texts and surgical manuals. Currently, there are no studies that have investigated the thickness and length of GEA using gross anatomical methods. In the present study, we measured the length, circumference, area, and major axis of GEA, and quantitatively evaluated the differences between right and left GEA (RGEA and LGEA), using gross anatomical and morphometric methods for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHOD Seventeen cadavers were selected. The median age of the cadavers was 82 years. We observed and evaluated GEA with naked eyes, as well as under a stereoscopic microscope. RESULTS RGEA was significantly longer than LGEA (p < 0.0001). The mean length of RGEA and LGEA were 26.51 ± 5.15 cm and 14.05 ± 3.12 cm, respectively. The mean area of RGEA, LGEA, and the anastomotic point were 3.31 ± 1.71 mm(2), 1.33 ± 1.01 mm(2), and 0.51 ± 0.28 mm(2) respectively. CONCLUSION RGEA was significantly longer and thicker than LGEA. The results also showed that in almost all of the cases RGEA and LGEA anastomosed with each other and grew thinner as they approached the middle of the greater curvature of the stomach.","PeriodicalId":19462,"journal":{"name":"Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica","volume":"68 1","pages":"33-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79548968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemoarchitecture of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase in the rat optic nerve: an immunohistochemical study.","authors":"June Kawano","doi":"10.2535/ofaj.92.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2535/ofaj.92.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An immunohistochemical analysis of the chemoarchitecture of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS) was conducted in the rat optic nerve. The optic nerve has been divided into 3 regions: the intraretinal, unmyelinated, and myelinated regions. However, it currently remains unclear whether the chemoarchitecture of GFAP and GS is homogeneously organized, especially in the myelinated region. The intraretinal region was divided into intraretinal regions 1 (i1) and 2 (i2). GFAP immunoreactivity was very strong in the i2 and unmyelinated regions, and strong in the i1 region. GS immunoreactivity was moderate in the i1 and i2 regions, and weak in the unmyelinated region. The myelinated region was separated into myelinated regions 1 (m1) and 2 (m2). In the m1 region, GFAP immunoreactivity was strong and GS immunoreactivity was moderate; however, GFAP immunoreactivity was moderate and GS immunoreactivity was weak in the m2 region. Thus, the chemoarchitecture was heterogeneously organized in the myelinated region, with the i1, i2 and m1 regions being the main GS distribution sites. Moreover, most GS-immunoreactive glial cells were oligodendrocytes in the myelinated region. Since GS is a key enzyme in glutamate metabolism, these results may facilitate future investigations for a clearer understanding of glutamate metabolism. </p>","PeriodicalId":19462,"journal":{"name":"Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica","volume":"92 1","pages":"11-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2535/ofaj.92.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34071634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sakai, R. Nomura, Y. Hasegawa, Masanori Sinzato, K. Nishii, Yoshimitsu Katoh, Kouji Yamada
{"title":"Phenotypic changes of AADC-only-immunoreactive cells in the alimentary canal of the laboratory shrew, Suncus murinus, induced by systemic administration of monoamine precursors.","authors":"K. Sakai, R. Nomura, Y. Hasegawa, Masanori Sinzato, K. Nishii, Yoshimitsu Katoh, Kouji Yamada","doi":"10.2535/ofaj.92.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2535/ofaj.92.43","url":null,"abstract":"In order to elucidate the function of anti-aromatic acid decarboxylase (AADC)-only-positive cells in the alimentary canal, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-HTP) or L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) was intraperitoneally injected into the laboratory shrew, Suncus murinus, and immunohistochemical studies were conducted on continuous sections of the alimentary canal using specific antisera against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), AADC, dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT). AADC-only-positive cells localized to the epithelial layer of the alimentary canal from the stomach to the large intestine. These AADC-only-positive cells became DA- and AADC-positive cells after L-DOPA injection, and 5-HT- and AADC-positive cells after 5-HTP injection. These results strongly indicate that the AADC-only-positive cells in the alimentary canal of Suncus murinus are capable of synthesizing DA and 5-HT simultaneously upon administration of L-DOPA and 5-HTP.","PeriodicalId":19462,"journal":{"name":"Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica","volume":"243 1","pages":"43-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89346661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of aging on the course of the azygos vein.","authors":"Akira Saito, Masahiko Murakami, Kodai Tomioka, Hiromitsu Ezure, Hiroshi Moriyama, Ryoichi Mori, Koh Nakajima, Masanori Nakamura, Naruhito Otsuka","doi":"10.2535/ofaj.92.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2535/ofaj.92.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The human azygos vein (AV) generally runs on the right side of the vertebral column. However, a shift in its course to the middle/left side of the vertebral column, potentially as a result of aging, has been reported. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between AV displacement and aging.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-seven adult cadavers were dissected. When an AV left shift was observed, long axis AV length was measured by calculating the number of vertebral bodies under the vein. We also investigated whether a crossover vein existed between AV and hemiazygos vein at the extreme left shifting point, and whether osteophytes existed along the vertebral column.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-four cadavers (94%) had left-shifted AVs. A weak positive correlation between age and the length of the left shift was observed (r = 0.3061, P = 0.0364). Thirty cadavers (64%) had crossover veins at the extreme left shifting point, and 24 cadavers (51%) had osteophytes along the vertebral column. There was no significant relationship between the length of left-shifted AVs and the existence of crossover veins or osteophytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The possibility of AV displacement to the left as part of the aging process is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":19462,"journal":{"name":"Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica","volume":"92 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2535/ofaj.92.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34071633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anatomical structure of the subcutaneous tissue on the anterior surface of human thigh.","authors":"Teruki Ishida, Kyoko Takeuchi, Shogo Hayashi, Shinichi Kawata, Naoyuki Hatayama, Ning Qu, Masakazu Shibata, Masahiro Itoh","doi":"10.2535/ofaj.92.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2535/ofaj.92.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The anterior thighs of 16 limbs from eight donated cadavers were observed using ultrasonic imaging and gross dissection with a specific focus on the subcutaneous tissue, which is considered an auxiliary element of locomotion. On ultrasonic imaging, the subcutaneous tissue was found to comprise multiple layers. The number of layers gradually decreased on progressing distally in the thigh. On gross dissection, a lot of fatty tissue and loose multiple laminar structures were observed in the medial and proximal areas. However, on progressing distally, these layers thinned out and became less fatty. Cutaneous nerves were apparent among the layers below the dermis. In addition, there were many associated fiber bundles between the dermis and muscle fascia, some of which appeared to be so-called skin ligaments that run through the subcutaneous tissue perpendicularly from the fascia to dermis, accompanying cutaneous nerve fibers and blood vessels. While identifying the peripheral cutaneous nerve fibers, several anastomosing rami and neural networks were recognized. These observations suggest that skin ligaments could be elements regulating motor restriction during muscular movement. </p>","PeriodicalId":19462,"journal":{"name":"Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica","volume":"92 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2535/ofaj.92.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34071632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}