Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy最新文献

{"title":"Electricity Access, Gender Disparity, and Renewable Energy Adoption Dynamics: The Case of Mountain Areas of Bangladesh","authors":"Sakib Bin Amin, T. Jamasb, Farhan Khan, Rabindra Nepal","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.13.1.sami","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.13.1.sami","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":194500,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy Reversals in Transitional Markets: The Effect of Changing Marginal Cost to Physical Order Dispatch in the Mexican Power Sector","authors":"Raúl Gutiérrez-Meave, Juan Rosellón, Luis Sarmiento","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.13.1.rgut","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.13.1.rgut","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":194500,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":"29 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139456560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Electricity Capacity Markets Resilient to Extreme Weather Events","authors":"Marie Petitet, Burcin Unel, F. Felder","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.mpet","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.mpet","url":null,"abstract":"As the 2021 events in Texas demonstrate, extreme weather events (EWEs) such as hurricanes and winter storms cause devastating power outages and blackouts, resulting in fatalities, human suffering and significant economic damage. Climate change may also increase the frequency, duration, and magnitude of EWEs, making it challenging to develop cost-effective policies to limit the effects of EWEs on power systems. Furthermore, EWEs create significant challenges for achieving reliable and resilient power systems. EWE is a common-cause failure that results in multiple equipment failures over short periods, thus quickly reducing the ability of the power system to function (i.e., reliability) and prolonging its recovery (i.e., resiliency) from large blackouts. EWEs also challenge power systems in the long term because system components must withstand increased EWEs (with low and uncertain probabilities) and changing electricity demand. In liberalized power systems, extreme events such as the 2021 blackout in Texas have raised questions about whether electricity markets can ensure a sufficient level of reliability and resiliency, and if they can do so cost-effectively. Texas liberalized its electricity system in 2002, and since then, it has relied solely on energy (and reserve) markets, i.e., there is no market, to meet reliability and resiliency expectations. Texas is considered, or at least had been considered until its recent blackout, by many economists as a role model in market design. Although capacity markets have been introduced in many regions to ensure resource adequacy, the 2021 Texas blackout questions whether introducing a capacity market in Texas could have limited the 2021 event and what features capacity markets should have in the context of EWEs. This article investigates what capacity market reforms could be undertaken to address EWEs and climate change better. It highlights that accounting for infrequent common-cause events such as EWEs is challenging but necessary to ensure future resource adequacy. Based on our analysis of current practices in Europe and the U.S., we identify that regulators have acknowledged the importance of EWEs and climate change, but further improvements are necessary to consider them in reliability and resiliency analyses better. In Europe, resource adequacy considers climate change’s impact on electricity demand and electricity generation, but EWEs are not explicitly assessed. In the U.S., policies addressing EWEs and climate impacts are being considered, but they do not specifically focus on capacity markets. When capacity markets are implemented, we propose criteria for evaluating whether and how to use capacity requirements and associated markets to address severe weather conditions. These criteria intend to apply to any region and would require to be complemented by additional features tailored to the specificities of each region. First, capacity requirements must achieve policymakers’ reliability and resil","PeriodicalId":194500,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133213368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Household Environmental Kuznets Curves: Evidence from Passenger Transport Emissions","authors":"J. Bistline","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.jbis","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.jbis","url":null,"abstract":"Passenger vehicles are a key economic sector and represent a growing share of energy consumption and emissions in many countries. Understanding how emissions from passenger vehicles are linked to household income is important for assessing distributional impacts of decarbonization policies, evaluating potential trajectories for energy consumption and emissions, and ensuring an equitable energy transition. The goal of this analysis is to investigate the income-pollution relationship for passenger vehicles using detailed U.S. survey data. Specifically, the analysis tests for evidence of an Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for household passenger vehicle CO2 emissions, which refers to a non-monotonic U-shaped relationship between income and emissions. Although the literature on economy-wide EKCs is vast, sector-specific analysis of household transport emissions is less common, is subject to considerable controversy, and is over a decade old in many instances, which does not account for recent trends in vehicle electrification and fuel economy. This analysis is the first to provide evidence for the U.S. transport, the highest-emitting sector in the world’s second-highest emitting country. Over time, technological progress and regulatory standards can lower emissions of subsequent vehicle vintages, and higher-income households tend to have newer vehicles. At the same time, wealthier households are more likely to have a greater number of vehicles and drive them more, as this analysis demonstrates. More recently, electric vehicles are increasing as a fraction of new sales and may be correlated with income, which can lower emissions depending on the emissions intensity of the grid mix.","PeriodicalId":194500,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129097879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winter Ends","authors":"J. Silk","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.jsil","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.jsil","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":194500,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":"574 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116535178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do auctions promote innovation in renewable energy technologies? An empirical analysis of solar PV","authors":"Leticia García-Martínez, Pablo del Río","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.lgar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.lgar","url":null,"abstract":"The descarbonisation of energy systems represents a key element of the energy transition which is needed to meet the Paris Agreement target. In 2015, governments agreed to limit global warming to 2 degrees, and preferably 1.5 degrees, below preindustrial levels. Renewable electricity technologies (RETs) are a main pillar of this decarbonised energy transition, together with energy efficiency. However, progress has been modest to date. Solar PV, the focus of this paper, has experienced an impressive increase in deployment in the last decade, driven by the interactions between technology cost reductions, innovation and diffusion fueled by support schemes. The greater diffusion of the technology is a key factor behind these cost reductions. In turn, this diffusion has been driven by demand-pull policies, with administratively-set feed-in tariffs and feed-in premiums (ASFITs/FIPs) being the most popular instrument in this regard. ASFITs/FIPs have been superseded in the last years by auctions as the dominant scheme for RET deployment worldwide. Such ambitious growth in the deployment of renewable energy capacity requires that different RETs are available at low costs in the next decades. In turn, this requires innovation, including technological innovation. Innovation is not a manna that comes from heaven, but it requires investment and support. A combination of supply-push (support for R&D) and demand-pull (support for deployment) has traditionally been considered as needed for innovation. According to the chain-linked model, the diffusion (deployment) of RETs influences previous stages of the technological change process. Therefore, an instrument which supports deployment can also be expected to influence innovative activitiesc. As auctions are the most widespread deployment support instrument today, and as innovation is needed, we may wonder about the impact of different support schemes (and, particularly, auctions) on innovation. Indeed, the impact of auctions on innovation is unclear. Economists assume that auctions are not only good to limit the costs of support for renewable electricity, but that they also encourage innovation. It is often argued that the competitive pressures generated by auctions provide incentives to reduce costs and improve renewable energy equipment throughout the whole value chain, which leads to innovation. However, auctions may not score so well in encouraging innovation. While the positive impact of competition on innovation is undeniable, there are probably other mechanisms at play (the expectation of the existence of a market in which equipment developers can sell their innovative products, learning effects and sufficient profit margins which can be reinvested (by project developers and equipment manufacturers) in private R&D. In the past, auctions have led to non-negligible rates of non-completion and delays and to tiny profit margins. This limits the perspective of a future market for the technology, the existence ","PeriodicalId":194500,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":"51 Pt 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126235897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling CO2 Pipeline Systems: An Analytical Lens for CCS Regulation","authors":"Adrien Nicolle, Diego Cebreros, O. Massol, Emma Jagu Schippers","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.anic","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.anic","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to assess the social and environmental impacts of CO 2 infra-structures regulations. By providing the first analytically determined cost function of a CO 2 pipeline, this analysis will usefully inform the emerging regulatory policy debates on CCS.","PeriodicalId":194500,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115158005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric Vehicles are Good, Actually","authors":"Eric Hittinger","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.ehit","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.ehit","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":194500,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121221545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal Emissions Pathways: Drivers and Implications","authors":"R. Klotz, J. Landry, A. Bento","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.rklo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.rklo","url":null,"abstract":".g., amount of clean technology in the baseline and/or added , policy driving the expansion) can give rise to significant prediction errors. Similarly, with respect to decentralized efforts to address climate change such as the Paris Agreement, simple estimates of collective mitigation, such as the sum of all countries’ mitigation pledges, are unlikely to be accurate which, in turn, may make it difficult to attribute each country’s mitigation contribution. Numerically, we show that failing to account for non-constant marginal emissions can give rise to predicted changes in emissions that are of the wrong sign and/or that diverge by an order of magnitude from true estimates. Due to differences in the shapes of the marginal emissions pathways, these errors differ drastically across policies. Taken together our findings illustrate the potential for sizeable harm from implicitly or explicitly ignoring non-constancy in marginal emissions pathways when predicting or attributing mitigation from non-marginal changes in a clean technology.","PeriodicalId":194500,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121064014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Texas Deep Freeze of February 2021: What Happened and Lessons Learned?","authors":"P. Hartley, Kenneth Medlock III, E. Hung","doi":"10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.phar","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5547/2160-5890.12.2.phar","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme freezing temperatures, snow, and ice from winter storm Uri afflicted Texas February 1418, 2021. Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio saw record-low temperatures of 13, -2, and 5 °F. The power grid operated by Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), which serves most Texas power consumers, came close to catastrophic failure. Millions of ERCOT customers suffered blackouts for multiple days. Although true electricity demand was not measured, forecasted demand matched mid-afternoon 4-hour August peak demands, but for 72 consecutive hours. Scapegoats for the widespread outages included wind generators, thermal generators, natural gas suppliers, Texas opposition to interconnections, ERCOT management, and ERCOT market rules. Although these various factors were blamed for the extended power outage on the ERCOT electricity grid in February 2021, no single problem fully explains the calamity. All forms of generation experienced capacity deratings, but failure to identify and address risks along fuel supply chains was a major contributor. Moreover, the vent highlighted a growing risk associated with expanded intermittent generation resources without sufficient available, dispatchable generation capacity.","PeriodicalId":194500,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Energy & Environmental Policy","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124273131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}