Oil and gas facilities最新文献_第6页

Cryogenic Tanks Recertification: Case Study for Operational-Life Extension 低温储罐重新认证:延长使用寿命的案例研究

Oil and gas facilities Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.2118/171998-PA

A. Adamou

{"title":"Cryogenic Tanks Recertification: Case Study for Operational-Life Extension","authors":"A. Adamou","doi":"10.2118/171998-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/171998-PA","url":null,"abstract":"phased structure still has ferrite, but the resulting alloy is ductile enough for static structures such as storage tanks. LNG-storage-tank iron/nickel alloys (9%-nickel alloys are most commonly used), with piping and similar attachments made from austenite stainless steel, have better resistance to thermal fatigue. Corrosion is not a problem at cryogenic temperature, so galvanic coupling between nickel steel and stainless steel is not a source of problems. Austenitic stainless steels at LNG temperatures may be used for building smaller storage tanks, but large containment vessels are usually welded from 9%-nickel steel because of expense considerations. This practice is well-established worldwide (Mokhatab et al. 2014). 3.5%-nickel steel was introduced into cryogenic applications in 1944 for construction of an LNG tank; stainless-steel alloys were scarce because of shortages resulting from World War II. Shortly after going into service, on 20 October 1944, the tank failed. In 1946, investigations by the US Bureau of Mines concluded that the incident was a result of the low-temperature embrittlement of the inner shell of the cylindrical tank. The 3.5%-nickel steel was not used further for cryogenic applications (Mannan 2005). Since 1985, ADGAS has been operating three 80 000-m3, aboveground, double-containment-type tanks, designed according to API Standard 620 (2013), that consist of an inner tank and an outer tank. The inner tank is made of 9%-nickel steel. The outer tank has a post-tensioned concrete wall with a reinforced concrete roof. A secondary bottom is connected to the outer-tank wall to provide a flexible liquid seal. The entire construction is made of 9%-nickel steel. Between 2012 and 2013, a longevity study of the storage and export areas was conducted to ensure their fitness for service up to 2019, as a base case, and 2045, as an extended case. Recertification of “conventional” static equipment, piping, jetty, electrical components, instrumentation, rotating elements, structure, and concrete foundations are not addressed in this paper—only LNG tanks are covered. These tanks have never been inspected internally. The most-important outcome from this study is to advise whether to keep them running beyond their design life or to conduct an intrusive inspection to verify their condition. In this paper, the focus will be given first to the 9%-nickel steel, its properties, and its use in LNG-storage tanks. The different LNGtank design generations and their particularities will be described. A general overview of LNG-tank failures, as recorded in the industry, is presented. Finally, the approach adopted by ADGAS to recertify the LNG tanks is explained. Basically, it is a matter of whether to conduct an intrusive inspection or to keep the tanks operating on the basis of industry practice. For this, well-documented cases will be presented, mainly from Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Brunei LNG, Gaz de France, and Malaysia LNG.","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"73 1","pages":"88-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85797399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Monitoring, Maintenance of Mooring Systems Help to Extend Design Life of Production Facilities 监测和维护系泊系统有助于延长生产设施的设计寿命

Oil and gas facilities Pub Date : 2015-08-01 DOI: 10.2118/0815-0020-OGF

W. Furlow

引用次数: 1

Results of the Field Operation of a Distributed-Flux Burner in a Heater Treater in a Northern Canada Heavy Oil Field: Thermal Performance and Firetube Life 加拿大北部稠油油田加热炉中分布通量燃烧器的现场运行结果:热性能和火管寿命

Oil and gas facilities Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.2118/170172-PA

J. Gotterba, D. Bartz

引用次数: 0

The Savvy Separator Series: Part 1. Design of Cyclone Separators: Internals and Liquid Levels 精明的分离器系列:第1部分。旋风分离器的设计:内部和液位

Oil and gas facilities Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.2118/0615-0032-OGF

R. Chin

引用次数: 0

Espirito Santo: Design and Operational Expereince of the Use of Steel Risers on a Turret-Moored FPSO Espirito Santo:钢立管在炮塔系泊FPSO上的设计和操作经验

Oil and gas facilities Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.2118/174545-PA

A. Newport, S. Håheim, E. Martineau

引用次数: 0

An Improved Model for the Prediction of Pipeline Embedment on the Basis of Assessment of Field Data 基于现场数据评估的管道埋置预测改进模型

Oil and gas facilities Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.2118/173900-PA

D. Bruton

{"title":"An Improved Model for the Prediction of Pipeline Embedment on the Basis of Assessment of Field Data","authors":"D. Bruton","doi":"10.2118/173900-PA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/173900-PA","url":null,"abstract":"ences both axial and lateral resistance, and these PSI responses are usually the most-significant uncertainty in the design of pipelines laid on the seabed. The case history presented in this paper shows that this approach is invaluable and provides a significant contribution to good design practice. Two existing export pipelines of significantly different overall pipeline diameter and submerged weight were laid along the same route, in the same soils. These pipelines might have been expected to reach quite different levels of embedment following installation and flooding, and current models for predicting embedment (described in the following) confirmed this; yet, the final levels of embedment were relatively similar and deeper than those that would be predicted with current practice. This is clearly a concern because higher levels of embedment generally lead to higher levels of resistance from the soil, which is often the most-challenging design case in the assessment of lateral buckling (Bruton et al. 2007). This finding has therefore provided an excellent opportunity to modify and calibrate embedment models for use in defining PSI responses on current projects. An assessment of the embedment mechanisms during installation and post-installation flooding has led to a modified methodology supported by geotechnical principles that provide a much-improved correlation between predicted and measured embedment levels for these pipelines. This new approach is recommended for prediction of pipeline embedment levels on current projects. This paper addresses some important revisions to current embedment models: • Improved modeling of penetration resistance because of buoyancy, heave mounds, and bearing capacity at embedment levels greater than one-half diameter, which is a concern in weaker soils. • Improved modeling of the likely operative shear strength at the time of pipeline flooding, to account for the level of strength regained because of reconsolidation of the soil under the weight of the empty pipe. In this assessment, one can assume that sufficient time (2 to 4 months) has passed to achieve a relatively high level of reconsolidation. Further work is required to quantify the likely increase in operative strength with time because the duration between installation and flooding is potentially an important input to the final pipeline embedment. Indeed, this methodology confirms that insufficient time between installation and flooding can result in excessively deep pipeline embedment.","PeriodicalId":19446,"journal":{"name":"Oil and gas facilities","volume":"63 4 1","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87743749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Building a High-Performance Facilities Engineering Organization 构建高效能的设施工程组织

Oil and gas facilities Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.2118/0615-0024-OGF

Mark E. Bothamley

引用次数: 0

A Review of Engineering and Safety Considerations for Hybrid-Power (Lithium-Ion) Systems in Offshore Applications 海上应用中混合动力(锂离子)系统的工程和安全考虑综述

Oil and gas facilities Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.2118/174091-PA

Davion M. Hill, A. Agarwal, B. Gully

引用次数: 7

Standardization vs. Innovation vs. Optimization: Buying or Building Your Dream Car 标准化vs创新vs优化:购买或制造你的梦想汽车

Oil and gas facilities Pub Date : 2015-06-01 DOI: 10.2118/0615-0005-OGF

H. Duhon