Obstetrics and Gynecology International最新文献

{"title":"Neonatal Near Miss among Newborns of Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"L. R. Morais, Beatriz Patz, F. F. Campanharo, P. Dualib, S. Sun, R. Mattar","doi":"10.1155/2019/8594158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8594158","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the frequency of neonatal near miss (NNM) and associate it with maternal morbidity in newborns of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods This was a cross-sectional retrospective study from a secondary analysis of data retrieved from medical records of pregnant women with T1DM cared at a Brazilian university hospital between 2005 and 2015. Maternal near miss (MNM) and potentially life-threatening conditions (PTLC) were classified according to the World Health Organization criteria. NNM was classified according to the Pan American Health Organization Neonatal Near Miss Working Group criteria. Association of maternal morbidity with NNM was assessed using chi-square test. Results There were 122 newborns (NB) among 137 T1DM pregnancies. Thirty-seven NB presented NNM—incidence of 303 NNM per 1000 live births (37/122). NNM was associated with MNM (P < 0.001, OR (95% CI): 17.15 (1.85–159.12)). PLTC did not increase the odds of NNM (P=0.07; OR (95% CI): 2.1281 (0.92–4.91)). Seven newborns died, six of them from pregnancies without severe maternal morbidity. 71% of the neonatal death (5/7) occurred in malformed neonates. Conclusion MNM was associated with NNM among women with T1DM, and PLTC, paradoxically, did not increase NNM.","PeriodicalId":19439,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76298046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Managing Patients with Hereditary Cancer at Gynecological Services.","authors":"Mako Ueda,&nbsp;Hiroshi Tsubamoto,&nbsp;Mina Kashima-Morii,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Torii,&nbsp;Mariko Kamihigashi,&nbsp;Yu Wakimoto,&nbsp;Nami Nakagomi,&nbsp;Tomoko Hashimoto-Tamaoki,&nbsp;Hideaki Sawai,&nbsp;Hiroaki Shibahara","doi":"10.1155/2019/4365754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4365754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To reveal current problems and challenges faced by our gynecologic services department in managing patients with hereditary cancers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected clinical data of patients with hereditary cancers, identified via genetic testing (or clinically diagnosed in cases of Cowden syndrome or Peutz-Jeghers syndrome), and treated in our gynecological department from 2012 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen patients had hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC), 6 had Lynch syndrome, 2 had Cowden syndrome, and 2 had Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Five patients diagnosed with HBOC were younger than 40 years at diagnosis. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) was performed on 1 patient with a <i>BRCA1</i> mutation at age 38 years. Seven patients overall underwent RRSO, and none had malignancies on pathological examinations. Peritoneal washing cytology (PWC) was suspicious for malignancy in one patient; however, subsequent PWC at 6 months after RRSO was negative. A patient with endometrial cancer and Lynch syndrome and a patient with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and Cowden syndrome strongly desired fertility preservation. They achieved remission after medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment and multiple dilations and curettages, respectively. One patient with Lynch syndrome developed AEH after 11 years of surveillance. Laparotomy revealed adjacent low-grade and high-grade serous ovarian cancer with positive ascites cytology. She had no recurrence during 7-year follow-up after laparotomy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Managing patients with hereditary cancer, positive or false-positive ascites cytology discovered during RRSO, and desired preservation of fertility is highly challenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":19439,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"4365754"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/4365754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37123019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Predictors of Dysmenorrhea, Its Effect, and Coping Mechanisms among Adolescents in Shai Osudoku District, Ghana.","authors":"Kwabena Acheampong,&nbsp;Dorothy Baffour-Awuah,&nbsp;Daniel Ganu,&nbsp;Stalla Appiah,&nbsp;Xionfeng Pan,&nbsp;Atipatsa Kaminga,&nbsp;Aizhong Liu","doi":"10.1155/2019/5834159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5834159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dysmenorrhea has been the most common gynecological problem worldwide. Reports of dysmenorrhea are greatest among individuals in their late teens and 20s and usually declining with age. It has also been reported that dysmenorrhea affects more than 80% of women in the reproductive age. The study objective was to examine the predictors of dysmenorrhea, its effect, and coping mechanisms among adolescents in Shai Osudoku District, Ghana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study in September and November 2017 in selected schools in Shai Osudoku District, Ghana. We employed self-administered questionnaire to obtain data from adolescents volunteered to participate in the study. We analyzed the data using the SPSS programme IBM version 20. We used the Pearson chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the association between exposure variables and the outcome variable. The odds ratio was reported to establish the risk of dysmenorrhea at a confidence interval of 95%, and statistical significance was assumed at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 68.1% (95% CI, 65.0-72.0) with one-third recounting their pain as severe. The pain during menstruation negatively influences the daily physical activities (22.5%), school attendance (6.9%), concentration during classes' hours (27.9%), and academic performance (31.1%) of the respondents. Besides, adolescents who do not live with their parent experienced a 53.1% increase in odds of self-reporting dysmenorrhea (AOR, 1.53 (95% CI, 1.02-2.23)). Similarly, respondents who had irregular menstrual cycle experienced a 72.5% increase in odds of self-reporting dysmenorrhea (AOR, 1.73 (95% CI, 1.16-2.57)). Finally, a significant association between irregular menstrual cycle (<i>p</i> < 0.01), not lived with their parent (<i>p</i> < 0.04), and self-reported dysmenorrhea was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study establishes that dysmenorrhea is high among adolescents in Shai Osudoku District which negatively affects the daily activity of majority of them.</p>","PeriodicalId":19439,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"5834159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5834159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37366247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes among Mothers Who Gave Birth in the Health Facility: Does Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Have a Role?","authors":"Temesgen Worku Gudayu,&nbsp;Bilen Mekonnen Araya","doi":"10.1155/2019/5147853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5147853","url":null,"abstract":"Background Giving childbirth is a natural reward for human beings to replace themselves to exist in the world. Despite all the efforts made to improve maternal health, maternal morbidity and mortality continue during childbirth. Hence, this study aimed to determine the proportion of maternal birth outcomes and identify their predictors among mothers who gave birth in hospitals. Method A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 9 to June 7, 2016, among 384 postnatal mothers in Debre Tabor Hospital. Randomly selected mothers were interviewed by trained data collectors. Data were checked for completeness, entered using Epi Info version 7, and analyzed using STATA 14 software. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to control confounders and identify predictors of maternal birth outcomes. Statistical significance was declared by adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a p value ≤0.05. Result About 77% (95% CI: 72.9, 81.3) of the mothers had good maternal birth outcomes. Antenatal care utilization (AOR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.16, 5.83); BPCR practice (AOR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.96); self-preference of health institution (AOR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.11, 4.50); and mode of delivery: caesarean (AOR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.87), assisted breech (AOR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.69), and instrumental (AOR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.79) were associated with good maternal birth outcome. Conclusion In this study, the maternal birth outcome among postnatal mothers was good in more than three-fourth of the cases. Hence, encouraging mothers to utilize health-care services and counseling and supporting them on BPCR practice are recommended.","PeriodicalId":19439,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"5147853"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5147853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37041448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate of Nondiagnostic Computerized Tomography Pulmonary Angiograms (CTPAs) Performed for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnant and Immediately Postpartum Patients.","authors":"Sarah Hogan,&nbsp;Jillian Greene,&nbsp;Jeffery Flemming","doi":"10.1155/2019/1432759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1432759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the nondiagnostic rate of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in pregnant and postpartum patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) to determine whether CTPA or ventilation-perfusion (VQ) scan should be considered first line imaging in this patient population considering their equivalent accuracy and the greater radiation exposure to proliferating breast tissue of CTPA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All pregnant/postpartum female patients between 18 and 50 years of age who had CTPA within the Eastern Health Authority between November 2012 and November 2016 were included. Each scan was evaluated for nondiagnosis based on two criteria: contrast density in the main pulmonary artery, and respiratory motion artefact. If either of these criteria were not met, the scan was labelled as nondiagnostic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nondiagnostic rate overall was 43% (<i>n</i>=83). This is similar to current literature values for rates of CTPA nondiagnosis, and comparable to the reported diagnostic quality of the reporting radiologist. This is much greater compared to rates of ventilation/perfusion nondiagnosis in comparable populations. Even in patients with normal chest radiographs, which represents the main patient group where VQ may be considered as an alternative, the nondiagnostic rate of CT is much higher.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study to attempt to identify an objective method of determining nondiagnosis in pregnant and postpartum patients undergoing a CTPA. Our results strengthen the argument that alternative imaging should be considered when investigating for PE in this population in order to protect the proliferating breast tissue, and VQ scan should be considered especially in patients with normal chest X-rays.</p>","PeriodicalId":19439,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"1432759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/1432759","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37206800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Cervix: A Clinical Analysis of 18 Cases without Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol.","authors":"Dongying Wang, Chunhua Zhao, Li Fu, Yang Liu, Weiyang Zhang, Tianmin Xu","doi":"10.1155/2019/9465375","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2019/9465375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cervical clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCAC) is a rare malignant tumor with independent biological behavior in the female reproductive system. In this report, we collect the clinical and histopathological characteristics of 18 CCAC patients without exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) and conduct relevant clinical analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 18 patients with CCAC who were diagnosed and treated from January 2009 to August 2017 in the Second Hospital of Jilin University.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 18 patients were enrolled. The age of patients ranged from 37 to 74 years with the peak incidence between 45 and 55 years. The median age was 53 years. The most common symptom was vaginal bleeding (66.7%, 12/18). The most common type of lesion was the endocervical type (66.7%, 12/18). The negative rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) examination was 88.9% (8/9). Based on the staging criteria of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) cervical cancer clinical stage in 2018, 55.6% patients were stage I (<i>n</i>=10), 16.7% were stage II (<i>n</i>=3), 22.2% were stage III (<i>n</i>=4), and 5.6% were stage IV (<i>n</i>=1). Seventeen patients underwent surgery; 64.7% (11/17) of cases showed infiltration of the entire layer of the cervix, pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastasis was observed in 4 patients (26.7%, 4/15), endometrium metastasis was observed in 4 patients (25%, 4/16), and 13 patients (72.2%, 13/18) were diagnosed at an early stage (stage IB1-IIA2). Fifteen patients' immunohistochemistry indicated that napsin A, CK7, CK (AE1/AE3), and PAX-8 were positive, and p53, p16, ER, and vimentin were expressed to different degrees. Follow-up data were obtained in 13 patients (72.2%, 13/18). One patient died of recurrence 5 months after surgery, and the other patients' progression-free survival (PFS) ranged from 9 to 59 months. Tumor size (>4 cm), tumor stage (FIGO IIA2-IV), PLN, and endometrium metastasis had negative effects on PFS (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CCAC is a highly invasive malignant tumor, whose pathogenesis may not be associated with HPV infection. Radical hysterectomy combined with chemotherapy (paclitaxel + platinum) has the ideal short-term curative effect. In the future, larger samples of clinical data are required to confirm these insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":19439,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"9465375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6458873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37206801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Our Experience with Iatrogenic Ureteric Injuries among Women Presenting to University College Hospital, Ibadan: A Call to Action on Trigger Factors.","authors":"Olatunji Lawal,&nbsp;Oluwasomidoyin Bello,&nbsp;Imran Morhason-Bello,&nbsp;Rukiyat Abdus-Salam,&nbsp;Oladosu Ojengbede","doi":"10.1155/2019/6456141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6456141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ureteric injuries leading to ureterovaginal fistula (UVF) is less common than vesicovaginal fistula, as a cause of urinary incontinence. Recently, there is a surge in the number of UVF cases presenting to University College Hospital (UCH) following a caesarean delivery. The urogynaecology unit at UCH is at the forefront of providing surgical repair for women with all forms of genitourinary fistulas. We describe our experience with managing UVF arising from ureteric injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective data collection of UVF cases managed from January 2012-December 2017 at UCH is presented. Information on sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, presenting complaints, antecedent surgery, treatment received, findings at surgery, and postoperative complications were obtained with a structured proforma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen cases of UVFs due to iatrogenic ureteric injury were managed. Majority (<i>N</i>=11; 61.1%) of the women suffered the injury following the emergency caesarean section (EMCS). Abdominal hysterectomy operation accounted for four (22.2%) cases, and one case each (5.6%) was due to vaginal hysterectomy and destructive operations. Prolonged obstructed labour (POL) (81.8%) was the most common indication for the EMCS, while 18.2% had surgery on account of lower uterine segment fibroid. Most of the ureteric injuries were on the left side. Postoperative complications documented were haemorrhage, urinary tract infection, wound infection, and injury to the neighbouring structure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Caesarean section being one of the most performed surgical operations in Nigeria was surprisingly found to be the most common cause of ureteric injury ahead of hysterectomy. It is a pointer that the surgeons might not have properly learnt the art of the caesarean delivery well. We recommend adequate surgical training of medical officers/surgeons that are involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":19439,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"6456141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/6456141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37065271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Maternal Death in a Pastoralist Area of Borena Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study.","authors":"Jarso Sara,&nbsp;Yusuf Haji,&nbsp;Achamyelesh Gebretsadik","doi":"10.1155/2019/5698436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5698436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, more than 830 maternal deaths happen daily, and nearly, all of these occur in developing countries. Similarly, in Ethiopia, maternal mortality is still very high. Studies done in pastoralist women are almost few. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the determinant factors of maternal death in the pastoralist area of Borena zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 236 mothers (59 maternal deaths (cases) and 177 controls). The sample included pregnant women aged 15-49 years from September 2014 to March 2017. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from Maternal Death Surveillance and Response Technical Guideline, entered into the EpiData, exported into SPSS for analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to determine contributing factors of maternal death and control potential confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 51 (86%) of all maternal deaths were due to direct obstetric causes. Of this, hemorrhage (45%), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (23%), and obstructed labor (18%) were the leading direct causes of maternal deaths. Husbands who had no formal education were 5 times higher compared with their counterparts (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.6-16). Mothers who were not attending ANC were 5 times more at risk for death than those who attend (AOR 5.3, 95% CI 2.3-12.1). Mothers who gave birth at home/on transit were twice to die compared to health facility delivery (AOR 2.6, 95% CI 2.4-6) that were contributing factors of maternal deaths.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Husband's level of education, lack of antenatal care, and home delivery were the factors contributing to maternal deaths in the zone. Frequent and tailored antenatal care, skilled delivery, and access to education also need due attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19439,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","volume":"2019 ","pages":"5698436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2019-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2019/5698436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36999046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gynecologists May Underestimate the Amount of Blood Loss during Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy.","authors":"Masakazu Sato,&nbsp;Minako Koizumi,&nbsp;Kei Inaba,&nbsp;Yu Takahashi,&nbsp;Natsuki Nagashima,&nbsp;Hiroshi Ki,&nbsp;Nao Itaoka,&nbsp;Chiharu Ueshima,&nbsp;Maki Nakata,&nbsp;Yoko Hasumi","doi":"10.1155/2018/3802532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3802532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We considered the possibility of underestimation of the amount of bleeding during laparoscopic surgery, and we investigated comparing the amount of bleeding between laparoscopic surgery and open surgery by considering the concentration of hemoglobin before and after surgery as indicators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The following procedures were included: A, surgery for ovarian tumor; B, myomectomy; and C, hysterectomy either by laparoscopic surgery or open surgery. Patients who underwent the above procedures in between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017, were enrolled. We identified 1749 cases (A: 90, B: 105, and C: 325 of open surgery and A: 667, B: 437, and C: 125 of laparoscopic surgery). We considered the sum as an estimation of blood loss during surgery and the change in the value of hemoglobin in laboratory testing one day before and after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During laparoscopic surgery, the measurements of blood loss included the following: A: 59.8 ml; B: 168.6 ml; and C: 206.8 ml. During open surgery, measurements of blood loss included the following: A: 130.7 ml; B: 236.7 ml; and C; 280.9 ml. The reduction of hemoglobin after surgery compared with that before surgery was less in laparoscopic surgery than that in open surgery in A and B; however, this reduction was not significantly different in C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that the estimation of the bleeding in A and B was appropriate; however, the estimation might be underestimated in C during laparoscopic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19439,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","volume":"2018 ","pages":"3802532"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/3802532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36910451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress-Induced Hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Approach.","authors":"Samara Levine,&nbsp;Ozgul Muneyyirci-Delale","doi":"10.1155/2018/9253083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9253083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While prolactin is most well known for its role in lactation and suppression of reproduction, its physiological functions are quite diverse. There are many etiologies of hyperprolactinemia, including physiologic as well as pathologic causes. Physiologic causes include pregnancy, lactation, sleep-associated, nipple stimulation and sexual orgasm, chest wall stimulation, or trauma. Stress is also an important physiologic cause of hyperprolactinemia, and its clinical significance is still being explored. This review will provide an overview of prolactin physiology, the role of stress in prolactin secretion, as well as the general clinical approach to hyperprolactinemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19439,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology International","volume":"2018 ","pages":"9253083"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/9253083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36849806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}