Neuropediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Management of Critically Ill Children with Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis during an H1N1 Outbreak in a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital: A Series of Three Cases and Literature Review.","authors":"Annalisa D'Eleuterio, Paolo Rufini, Manuela L'Erario, Gabriele Simonini, Carlotta Montagnani, Stefano Ermini, Silvia Ricci, Luca Bartolini, Zaccaria Ricci","doi":"10.1055/a-2442-5810","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2442-5810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a severe neurological condition that is diagnosed clinically and upon specific radiological imaging. Medical treatment of this condition is uncertain, and timing is likely very important to minimize brain damage and systemic inflammation. The present case series describes three patients suffering from ANE secondary to influenza A/H1N1 infection during a recent outbreak, treated with increasingly aggressive anti-inflammatory approach, and with significantly different outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological Findings and a Brief Review of the Current Literature in a Severe Case of Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome Due to an IFIH1 Mutation.","authors":"Mojca Železnik, Tina Vipotnik Vesnaver, David Neubauer, Aneta Soltirovska-Šalamon","doi":"10.1055/a-2321-0597","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2321-0597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare genetic early-onset progressive encephalopathy with variable clinical manifestations. The <i>IFIH1</i> mutation has been confirmed to be responsible for type I interferon production and activation of the Janus kinase signaling pathway. We herein stress neurological observations and neuroimaging findings in a severe case report of an infant with AGS type 7 due to an <i>IFIH1</i> mutation who was diagnosed in the first month of life. We also review neurological characteristics of <i>IFIH1</i> mutations through recent literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"337-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulated Apoptosis and Autophagy in Childhood Epilepsy: Correlation to Clinical and Pharmacological Patterns.","authors":"Ahmed El-Abd Ahmed, Mohammed H Hassan, Asmaa A Abdelfatah, Ali Helmi Bakri","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788032","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to assess the serum levels of caspase-3 as a marker of apoptosis and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (MAP1-LC3) as an autophagy marker in epileptic children with various clinical and pharmacological types.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was carried out on 90 participants (50 pediatric patients with epilepsy and 40 healthy matched children), the patients were categorized into three groups: Group (A): 25 pharmacosensitive epilepsy, Group (B): 25 pharmacoresistant epilepsy, and Group (C): 40 (age, sex, and body mass index) matched healthy children selected as controls. Serum caspase-3 and MAP1-LC3 were measured in all study groups, using commercially available ELISA kits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum caspase-3 was significantly higher among epileptic children, especially in the pharmacoresistant group, cases managed with multiple antiepileptic drugs, and cases with abnormal EEG findings. Conversely, circulating MAP1-LC3 levels showed a significant reduction in epilepsy cases, particularly in pharmacoresistant cases, in cases treated with multiple antiepileptic drugs, and in cases with abnormal EEG data. A significant negative correlation between serum caspase-3 and MAP1-LC3 was found among epileptic children (<i>r</i> =  -0.369, <i>p</i> = 0.0083). Serum caspase-3 was a more valid biomarker in helping diagnose childhood epilepsy, while serum MAP1-LC3 was more valid in predicting pharmacoresistant type.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study reveals that serum caspase-3 levels were significantly elevated, particularly in pharmacoresistant cases and those managed with multiple drugs. Conversely, MAP1-LC3 levels were significantly reduced in epilepsy cases, suggesting potential involvement of altered apoptosis and autophagy in childhood epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"327-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic/Genotypic Profile of Children with Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis in Southern Brazil.","authors":"Berkmis Viana Santos, Josiane de Souza, Michelle Silva Zeny, Mara Lúcia Schmitz Ferreira Santos, Daniel Almeida do Valle","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787706","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1787706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (CLNs) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders of genetic origin, characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and intracellular accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigment. Thirteen genes related to CLNs are currently described, showing genetic and allelic heterogeneity, most of them with an autosomal recessive pattern. Due to the few descriptions of cases related to CLNs in Brazil, it is necessary to describe the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of these patients. This study aims to evaluate the genotypic profile and correlate it with the phenotypic characteristics of patients with CLN in a children's hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed as a descriptive cross-sectional study with analysis of medical records, imaging, and laboratory tests of patients who had a confirmed molecular diagnosis of CLN.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample consisted of 11 patients from nine families with different subtypes of CLNs (CLN2, 5, 6, 7, and 8), with CLN2 being the most prevalent in the study. A total of 16 mutation variants were identified in genes associated with the five CLNs described in this study, with typical and atypical clinical phenotypes depending on the subtype and its variants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Novel mutations identified in the patients in this study showed phenotypes of rapid and severe progression in the CLN2 patient and similar characteristics in CLN6 and CLN7 patients, as previously described in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"303-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Nationwide Study in Latvia.","authors":"D Pretkalnina, S Grinvalde, E Kalnina","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788259","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is the third most common encephalitis in children. Diagnosis can be challenging due to overlapping and diverse clinical presentations as well as various investigation results. This study aims to characterize the clinical, diagnostic features, as well as treatment and outcomes of AE in children and determine the incidence of pediatric AE in Latvia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted at the Children's Clinical University Hospital in Riga. The study participants were patients under the age of 18 years diagnosed with AE from 2014 to 2022. Data regarding clinical characteristics, investigation findings, treatment strategy, and outcomes were retrospectively collected from the medical history data system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 18 pediatric patients diagnosed with AE. The mean incidence of pediatric AE in Latvia was 0.56 per 100,000 children. Most patients (66.6%) had seronegative AE. In the seropositive group, the most common was anti-methyl-D-aspartate receptor AE, with two patients having other antibodies. The most prevalent clinical features were personality change, cognitive impairment, autonomic dysfunction, and movement disorders. The majority of patients (58.8%) received first-line treatment only. More than half (55.6%) of our AE patient group had long-term sequelae.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows that the pediatric AE incidence in Latvia is similar to what has been previously reported in other studies. A relatively high proportion of seronegative AE was present in our cohort, indicating that awareness of possible misdiagnosis should be raised. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms, characterize clinical features, and determine the treatment of choice in different situations to improve long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"321-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"49th Annual Conference of the Society for Neuropediatrics.","authors":"Markus Blankenburg","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1791805","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1791805","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":"55 S 01","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Diagnosis of AP5Z1/SPG48 Spastic Paraplegia: Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Francesca M A Papoff, Guja Astrea, Serena Mero, Laura Chicca, Sara Satolli, Rosa Pasquariello, Roberta Battini, Alessandra Tessa, Filippo M Santorelli","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788729","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders clinically characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity with pyramidal weakness. Around a dozen potential molecular mechanisms are recognized. Childhood HSP is a significant diagnostic challenge in clinical practice. Mutations in <i>AP5Z1</i>, which are associated with spastic paraplegia type 48 (SPG48), are extremely rare and seldom described in children.We report the clinical, radiologic, and molecular studies performed in a child harboring novel biallelic mutations in <i>AP5Z1</i>.The child presented a neurodevelopmental disorder with slight lower limb pyramidal signs. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed minimal white matter changes in the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles and a normally shaped corpus callosum. Western blotting in cultured skin fibroblasts indicated reduced protein expression, which confirmed the genetic diagnosis and framed this as a case of protein reduction in a context of impaired autophagy.Our findings expand the spectrum of phenotypes associated with mutations in <i>AP5Z1</i>, highlighting their clinical and pathophysiologic overlap with lysosomal storage disorders. SPG48 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders even when pyramidal signs are minimal and brain MRI not fully informative.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"341-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141766897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally Invasive Epilepsy Surgery.","authors":"Douglas R Nordli Iii, Mohamed Taha, Brin Freund, Douglas R Nordli, Fernando Galan","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1788061","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1788061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surgery remains a critical and often necessary intervention for a subset of patients with epilepsy. The overarching objective of surgical treatment has consistently been to enhance the quality of life for these individuals, either by achieving seizure freedom or by eliminating debilitating seizure types. This review specifically examines minimally invasive surgical approaches for epilepsy. Contemporary advancements have introduced a range of treatments that offer increased safety and efficacy compared to traditional open resective epilepsy surgeries. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of these techniques and technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"279-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentially Life-Threatening Interaction between Opioids and Intrathecal Baclofen in Individuals with a Childhood-Onset Neurological Disorder: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Liza M M van Dijk, Annelies van Zwol, Annemieke I Buizer, Laura A van de Pol, K Mariam Slot, Saskia N de Wildt, Laura A Bonouvrié","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787103","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1787103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spasticity and dystonia are movement impairments that can occur in childhood-onset neurological disorders. Severely affected individuals can be treated with intrathecal baclofen (ITB). Concomitant use of ITB and opioids has been associated with central nervous system (CNS) depression. This study aims to describe the clinical management of this interaction, based on a case series and review of literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four individuals with childhood-onset CNS disorders (age 8-24) and CNS-depressant overdose symptoms after the concomitant use of ITB and opioids are described. The Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS) was calculated to assess the cause-relationship (doubtful <2, possible 2-4, probable 5-8, and highly probable >8) of the potential drug-drug interaction. A literature review of similar previously reported cases and the possible pharmacological mechanisms of opioid-baclofen interaction is provided.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After ITB and opioid co-administration, three out of four patients had decreased consciousness, and three developed respiratory depression. DIPS scores indicated a possible cause-relationship in one patient (DIPS: 4) and a probable cause-relationship in the others (DIPS: 6, 6, and 8). Discontinuation or adjusting ITB or opioid dosages resulted in clinical recovery. All patients recovered completely. In the literature, two articles describing nine unique cases were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the opioid-ITB interaction is incompletely understood, concomitant use may enhance the risk of symptoms of CNS-depressant overdose, which are potentially life-threatening. If concomitant use is desirable, we strongly recommend to closely monitor these patients to detect interaction symptoms early. Awareness and monitoring of the potential opioid-ITB interaction is essential to reduce the risk of severe complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"294-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11383621/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Treatment with Modified Atkins Diet and Low Glycemic Index Treatment for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Children.","authors":"Aparna Mulyan, Jaya Shankar Kaushik, Surekha Dabla","doi":"10.1055/s-0044-1787744","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0044-1787744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study was designed to study the efficacy of sequential dietary therapy with a modified Atkins diet (mAD) followed by low glycemic index treatment (LGIT) in treating drug-resistant epilepsy in children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This interventional study was conducted from February 2021 to February 2022 among children aged 6 months to 5 years who had failed to respond to more than two conventional and correctly chosen antiseizure medications. The primary endpoint was the proportion of good responders, that is, children with more than 50% seizure reduction. Secondary outcome measures were the proportion of children with seizure freedom, > 90% seizure reduction, and the nature of parent-reported adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 45 children were recruited for the study, with 6 children being lost to follow-up at 12 weeks. At 12 weeks, 30 of 39 (76.9%) children were good responders with more than 50% seizure reduction. Of these 30 children, 11 (24.4%) had more than 90% seizure reduction, with 9 (20%) achieving complete spasm freedom. Constipation was the most common side effect of the diet among the enrolled subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinicians can consider sequential dietary therapy with a mAD in the first month followed by LGIT in the next 2 months for treating children who could not tolerate mAD beyond 1 month.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"289-293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}