Neuropediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Clinical, Radiological, and Prognostic Features of Pediatric Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Risk of Conversion to Multiple Sclerosis: A Single-center Cohort Study.","authors":"Çisil Çerçi Kubur, Beyhan Cengiz Özyurt, Sibğatullah Ali Orak, Aslı Kübra Atasever, Muzaffer Polat","doi":"10.1055/a-2883-3398","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2883-3398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is the first inflammatory demyelinating event of the central nervous system and may progress to multiple sclerosis (MS). Data on relapse patterns and predictors of MS conversion in children remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the clinical, radiological, and immunological characteristics of pediatric CIS and to identify factors associated with relapse and final diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, pediatric patients (3-18 years) presenting with a first demyelinating event between 2011 and 2021 were included if follow-up was ≥6 months. Clinical, MRI, laboratory, and immunological data were reviewed. Group comparisons were performed using non-parametric tests. Relapse predictors were explored using penalized logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 26 patients were included (mean age 13.2 ± 3.2 years; 14 male). Optic neuritis was the most common presentation (57.7%). During a mean follow-up of 1.28 ± 1.31 years, 30.8% were diagnosed with MS. Relapse occurred in 42% of patients and differed significantly across diagnostic groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). EDSS scores improved significantly at 3 months (mean reduction 1.79 ± 0.92; <i>p</i> < 0.001). NMO/MOG seropositivity was associated with final diagnosis (<i>p</i> = 0.015). Oligoclonal band positivity showed an increased odds ratio for relapse (OR 7.22) but was not statistically significant. No independent relapse predictors were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately one-third of pediatric CIS patients converted to MS. Relapse patterns differed across diagnostic groups. Although immunological markers may indicate increased relapse risk, larger prospective studies are required to define independent predictors of MS conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"267-272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Analysis of Perinatal Stroke: Hemostasis Abnormalities, Neonatal Seizures, Epilepsy Recurrence, and 2-Year Neurological Outcome.","authors":"Aude Van Daele, Veerle Labarque, Anneleen Dereymaeker, Katrien Lemmens, Katrien Jansen","doi":"10.1055/a-2868-4302","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2868-4302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neonatal stroke is a rare but potentially severe condition that may lead to long-term neurological impairment. Several factors may influence both its occurrence and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective, single-center cohort study, 46 neonates diagnosed with perinatal stroke were included. We assessed (1) the prevalence and clinical relevance of hemostatic screening, (2) the occurrence and treatment of acute symptomatic seizures, and (3) long-term outcomes such as epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and developmental impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 46 patients were included, of whom 24 were preterm, and 22 were term. Coagulation screening was performed in 38 patients, revealing abnormal values in 8 cases. Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring was conducted in 40 patients, with 26 exhibiting neonatal seizures. Epilepsy developed in five children before the age of 2 years. Neurodevelopmental assessment was performed in 31 children, of whom 13 showed signs of developmental delay.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Few patients had abnormal hemostatic tests. These findings were difficult to interpret due to confounding factors, and the literature shows no association with recurrence. Therefore, routine screening is not currently recommended. Seizures occurred mainly in term infants with neonatal arterial ischemic stroke, usually controlled with one antiseizure medication. Prolonged treatment did not prevent epilepsy. Some developed epilepsy before age 2, at lower rates than reported, possibly due to limited follow-up. Developmental impairment was seen in a minority, mostly term infants. Status epilepticus did not affect outcome. Prospective studies with longer follow-up are needed to identify prognostic markers and guide personalized care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"241-248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and Outcomes of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Children.","authors":"Tuan Minh Nguyen, Truc Thanh Tran, Khanh Hien Ly, Mai Thi Hoang Trang","doi":"10.1055/a-2886-4749","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2886-4749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is one of the leading causes of acute paralysis in children. Our aim was to describe the clinical characteristics, paraclinical features, and recovery outcomes of children with GBS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective study of 40 children diagnosed with GBS from January 2021 to December 2022. Data on demographics, clinical features, treatments, complications, and outcomes were collected at follow-up time points based on the Guillain-Barré disability score (GDS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study of 40 children, the number of male children with GBS was predominant (82.5%), and more than 50% of GBS patients were older than 10 years. Seventy-five percent of patients with GBS had a preceding infection, with respiratory tract infections being the most common. The most common initial symptom was leg pain. Bulbar palsy was observed in 47.5% of patients and was a relatively frequent clinical feature in our cohort. Albuminocytological dissociation (ACD) rate within the first 7 days was 73.3%. Based on nerve conduction study results, the phenotypes were distributed as follows: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) accounted for 55%; acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) for 17.5%; acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) for 10%; inexcitable nerves for 5%; and unclassifiable cases for 12.5%. At the 6-month follow-up, 100% of pediatric patients achieved independent ambulation. Furthermore, a correlation was found between mechanical ventilation and GDS at 1 and 2 months; however, no association was observed at 3 and 6 months' postonset.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In pediatric GBS, the most common initial manifestations are limb pain and paresthesia. Most patients achieve good recovery; the need for mechanical ventilation is associated with bulbar weakness, facial paralysis, pneumonia, and severe initial limb weakness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"273-279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148212058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Cerebral Microvascular Development in Preterm Neonates Using Ultrafast Power Doppler Imaging.","authors":"Lijie Huang, Jinfang Yuan, Xingyue Wei, Xinlin Hou, Rui Wang, Xiaomei Tong, Tongyan Han, Yunfeng Liu, Jianwen Luo","doi":"10.1055/a-2903-9381","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2903-9381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The incidence of preterm birth is reported as more than 10% in 2020 all over the world, and the disability and mortality rate are high due to incomplete development. The microvascular developments of neonates with different gestational ages (GAs) are unknown, which are related to cerebral development. This study assessed the cerebral microvascular development of preterm neonates with different GAs using the ultrafast power Doppler imaging technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy neonates were enrolled, including 7 full-term (GA = 37 weeks) and 63 preterm neonates (ranging from extremely preterm [GA ≤ 28 weeks] to late preterm [GA = 36 weeks]). Quantitative metrics including microvascular area (MArea) and microvascular diameter (MDiam) were evaluated in three regions of interest (ROIs): the cingulate gyrus (ROI 1), the frontal and parietal junction (ROI 2), and a branch of the anterior cerebral artery near the central sulci (ROI 3). Electroencephalogram signals were recorded and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) was used to measure the brain activity. Statistical correlations were assessed among microvascular quantitative metrics, GA, and aEEG.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the microvascular quantitative metrics have a statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) positive correlation with GA and aEEG. MArea in ROI 1 has the highest correlation coefficient of 0.67 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) with GA. Similarly, MArea in ROI 1 has the highest correlation coefficient of 0.53 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) with aEEG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that MArea- and MDiam-related parameters were associated with increasing GA in preterm neonates, suggesting a trend toward cerebral microvascular maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"258-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetitive Head Movements: An Unusual Subcortical Myoclonus Presentation.","authors":"Morgana Fregonese, Davide Caputo, Marco Moscatelli, Federica Rachele Danti, Giovanna Zorzi, Federica Graziola","doi":"10.1055/a-2846-8189","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2846-8189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"232-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A German Translation and Cross-Cultural Comparison of a Mobility Questionnaire (MobQues47) for Ambulant Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy.","authors":"Jacqueline Romkes, Annika Kruse, Martin Svehlik, Elke Viehweger, Alsalloum Fahd, Sean Nader, Annemieke I Buizer, Helga Haberfehlner, Matthias Hösl","doi":"10.1055/a-2828-1102","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2828-1102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebral palsy (CP) is a nonprogressive neurodevelopmental disorder caused by brain damage occurring before or around birth. Individuals demonstrate a heterogeneous range of mobility limitations that must be monitored and quantified in order to initiate and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments. The validated Mobility Questionnaire (MobQues47), initially available in Dutch, measures the mobility difficulties experienced when carrying out 47 indoor and outdoor activities by ambulant children and adolescents with CP, as rated by their parents/caregivers. This study aimed to translate the MobQues47 into German and compare the results between German- and Dutch-speaking individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Parents/caregivers of 193 ambulant children and adolescents with CP (aged 4-18 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I-III) completed the MobQues47 during a visit to gait laboratories in Germany, Austria, or Switzerland. These German-speaking results were compared with the original Dutch data (<i>N</i> = 351).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MobQues47 scores were significantly higher in the German-speaking group than in the Dutch group for GMFCS-levels I and II, but equal for GMFCS-level III. For both groups, scores for the indoor environment were significantly higher than those for the outdoor environment. The MobQues47 scores decreased (i.e., more mobility difficulties) significantly with increasing GMFCS-level for both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>More mobility limitations at higher GMFCS-levels support the discriminant validity of the German version of the MobQues47. However, the German scores were higher (i.e., fewer perceived mobility limitations) than Dutch scores for GMFCS-levels I and II. Due to this difference, region-specific reference values should be used for clinical use of the MobQuest47.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"208-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Functional Neurological Disorders in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Single-Center Study.","authors":"Júlia Matas-Balart, Fernando Paredes-Carmona, Núria Visa-Reñé","doi":"10.1055/a-2854-2311","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2854-2311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Functional neurological disorders (FND) present diagnostic challenges in pediatrics, with an actual incidence likely higher than reported. This study aims to analyze FND cases in our center to optimize patient management and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective, single-center observational study of pediatric patients diagnosed with FND from January 2020 to January 2024. Data were collected from electronic medical records, focusing on patient demographics, symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and outcomes. Statistical analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics to determine associations with recovery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reviewed 37 patients, with a median age of 11 years and a predominance of females. Motor symptoms were most common (40.5%), followed by sensory disturbances and altered consciousness (29.7%). About 50% of patients presented more than one conversion symptom initially, increasing to 70% over all episodes. Complete symptom recovery was observed in 62% of patients, with recovery associated with motor and visual disorders. No significant associations were found between recovery and sex, psychiatric history, number of tests, or number of concomitant symptoms. Multiple complementary tests were performed in 78.3% of patients. Stress factors were identified in 59.4% of cases, mainly related to school problems.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>FND in children is complex, often involving multiple symptoms. Recovery was positively associated with motor and visual disorders. The high frequency of complementary tests suggests an exclusion-based diagnostic approach. Stress factors, particularly school-related issues, are common. These findings highlight the need for increased follow-up and multidisciplinary interventions to improve outcomes. Further research is necessary to enhance diagnostic and treatment strategies for pediatric FND.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"217-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient and Family Perspectives on Clinical Outcomes in Therapy Trials in Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with Subcortical Cysts: An Open Inventory.","authors":"N R A Versaevel, A Chapleau, P Topaloğlu, F Nicita, J Sinha, G Bernard, A Fatemi, P Sgobbi, E M C Hamilton, C Marouda, R van Eekelen, M S van der Knaap","doi":"10.1055/a-2851-9956","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2851-9956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine which clinical outcomes are most meaningful to patients with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) and their caregivers to enhance clinical trial readiness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was developed by the MLC Clinical Expert Consortium and Alliance MLC. The survey, available in eight languages, was distributed via treating neurologists and Alliance MLC, and completed anonymously by patients and caregivers. It included open-ended questions on burdensome daily-life aspects, treatment priorities, and therapy expectations; responses were categorized into functional domains. The survey also included a ranking of key symptom domains. Responses were analyzed separately for caregiver- and patient-reported burden. Subgroup analyses were performed for age (<15 years vs. ≥15 years) and country of residence (Türkiye, India, and Italy).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-five surveys representing 83 patients were included. Motor dysfunction was most frequently reported as most burdensome for both caregivers (74%) and patients (58%), followed by communication and activities of daily living (ADL). Within the motor domain, ambulation was most frequently mentioned. Regarding the ranking, motor function scored highest in 69% of respondents. In patients ≥ 15 years, ambulation was less frequently mentioned, whereas ADL dependency was more frequently reported than in patients <15 years. Comparisons between countries revealed few differences. Hopes for therapy were mainly concerned with motor improvement and halting disease progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Motor function, particularly ambulation, is the most burdensome and prioritized domain for patients with MLC and their caregivers, regardless of age or country. Incorporating patient-centered priorities into future clinical trial design is essential to ensure that emerging therapies target meaningful improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"186-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13233118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraventricular Antibiotic Administration for the Treatment of Neonatal Ventriculitis: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Evgenia Lani, Panagiotis Nikolinakos, Catherine Larard, Marina Maria Antonaraki, Nikolaos Zavras, Ioannis Mavridis","doi":"10.1055/a-2856-1574","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2856-1574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Neonatal ventriculitis is a complication of meningitis and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Despite clinical importance, evidence regarding intraventricular antibiotic therapy has not been systematically collated. Our aim was to evaluate the existing literature on intraventricular antibiotic administration for neonatal ventriculitis, focusing on indications, antibiotic type, dosage, administration intervals, adverse effects, and patient outcomes. A systematic search of Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Scopus was conducted up to October 2025. Conference abstracts, letters, reviews, expert opinions, and studies including patients older than 28 days were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tools for case reports and case series. The review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD420251018399). The inclusion criteria were met by 19 studies involving 43 neonates. Ventriculitis followed persistent or inadequately treated meningitis in 21 cases (48.8%). Most neonates (97.7%) received concurrent systemic antibiotics, mostly intravenously. Dosing regimens and administration intervals varied considerably, except for vancomycin, which was consistently administered at 10 mg daily. Overall survival was 79.1%. Clinical and laboratory improvement was reported in 30.2% of cases, while hydrocephalus occurred in 37.2%. Estimated in-hospital mortality was 9.3%, with hydrocephalus the leading cause of death. Intraventricular antibiotic therapy for neonatal ventriculitis has been described in small case series and case reports and may be associated with clinical and laboratory improvement. However, the low level of evidence precludes conclusions of effectiveness. Prospective studies are required to define its role alongside systemic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"172-185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Use of the Term \"Epileptic Spasms\" in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis.","authors":"Lucia Fusco, Nicola Specchio","doi":"10.1055/a-2810-4376","DOIUrl":"10.1055/a-2810-4376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19421,"journal":{"name":"Neuropediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"238-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146180936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}