Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey最新文献

{"title":"ESGO/INCIP Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Gynecological Cancers During Pregnancy.","authors":"Frédéric Amant, François Planchamp, Paul Berveiller, Elyce Cardonick, Anne De Middelaer, Robert Fruscio, Monica Fumagalli, Anna L V Johansson, Matteo Lambertini, Charlotte L LeJeune, Christianne Lok, W Glenn McCluggage, Philip Poortmans, Jacek Sienko, Cristel S Hjortshøj, Marta Swierczynska, Antonia Carla Testa, Indra A Van Assche, Kristel Van Calsteren, Vandecaveye Vincent, Carolien Versteeg, Flora Zagouri, Zapardiel, Michael J Halaska","doi":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001179572.33885.08","DOIUrl":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001179572.33885.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gynecological cancer requiring management during pregnancy is rare, with an estimated incidence of 2 to 5 per 100,000 pregnancies in the first trimester. Balancing maternal and fetal health in these cases can be difficult, and management strategies differ from nonpregnancy cases. Management strategies are typically determined by maximizing benefit to the mother while minimizing harm to the fetus, considering the extent of the cancer, available treatment options for each type of cancer, and the gestational age of the fetus. This article is a guideline presenting the highest standard of evidence for the management of these cases, although the authors recognize that following these recommendations is not always possible in all areas of the world. These guidelines address imaging, pathology, surgery, medical oncology, obstetrics, radiation therapy, psychology, patient perspective, and pediatric follow-up for ovarian, cervical, and vulvar cancers during pregnancy. The guidelines in this article were developed using the European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO) via the ESGO Guideline Committee. This consists of a multidisciplinary international development group that uses scientific evidence and expert consensus, as well as an external international review process. A systematic review was performed as part of the creation of these guidelines, including relevant studies published between January 2014 and June 2024. In cases where evidence was unclear, professional experience and expertise were used to fill the gap. General guidelines included discussing treatment with a multidisciplinary team, patient and partner counseling being a priority (including diagnostic and treatment plans, potential alternatives, risks and benefits, and side effects), workup and treatment being conducted at a specialized center, patients receiving care as close as possible to nonpregnant patients, taking into account individual modifications as necessary, prioritizing research with these cases, and registration of all cancer cases during pregnancy. The incidence of cancer during pregnancy is not decreasing, and thus, practitioners should be aware of these possible complications of pregnancy. Recommendations include investigating symptoms of cancer immediately and thoroughly, as well as preserving the pregnancy because pregnancy does not worsen the prognosis of gynecological cancers. Imaging guidelines include ultrasound examination for diagnosis, with the reassurance of its safety during pregnancy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for inconclusive ultrasound examination, referral to an experienced radiologist, repeated ultrasound examination for management planning, using ultrasound to evaluate patient response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and avoiding the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents, using diffusion-weighted MRI instead. In addition, the use of a lead apron for shielding is not recommended. The recommendations surrounding pathology include recording ","PeriodicalId":19409,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","volume":"81 1","pages":"22-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146011507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allele Frequency Selection and No Age-Related Increase in Human Oocyte Mitochondrial Mutations.","authors":"Barbara Arbeithuber, Kate Anthony, Bonnie Higgins, Peter Oppelt, Omar Shebl, Irene Tiemann-Boege, Francesca Chiaromonte, Thomas Ebner, Kateryna D Makova","doi":"10.1097/OGX.0000000000001486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/OGX.0000000000001486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial dysfunction can cause a multitude of systemic diseases, and thus, the origin of such dysfunction is of great interest to many clinicians and researchers. Part of mitochondrial dysfunction can be explained by mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which can be measured both in somatic and germline cells. As the average maternal age continues to increase, determining if mutations in mtDNA increase with age is an important aspect of reproductive health care. This study was designed to assess the frequency of de novo mutations in mtDNA in oocytes based on age, compared with the frequency of mutations in somatic cells. This study used high-quality, full-length mtDNA sequences for 22 individuals between the ages of 20 and 42, obtaining samples from blood, saliva, and oocytes. Duplex sequencing was used to identify variants in mtDNA; median mtDNA enrichment was 85.4%, 0.7%, and 4.0% and a median duplex consensus sequence (DCS) depth of 1440X, 78X, and 158X for oocytes, blood, and saliva, respectively. There were 3525 high-confidence variants identified across all samples. Across age groups and geographic regions, there were significantly fewer mutations in oocytes compared with blood and saliva. When predicting the probability of a mutation in mtDNA as a function of age, there were significant increases in mutation frequency in blood and saliva, but not in oocytes (P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.688, respectively). Comparing different age groups, mutation frequency was higher in blood and saliva in older women compared with younger women, but there was no significant difference in oocyte mutation frequency. Within oocyte mtDNA, mutations were more frequent in the D-loop than in the \"coding region\" for each age group, consistent with previous literature. This remained true in several different analyses of regions of mtDNA, though no significant differences were found related to age. A total of 109 de novo mutations were located at confirmed disease-associated sites, with 32 variants in 29 positions. Lower proportions of disease-related mutations were present in oocytes compared with blood or saliva, suggesting preferential selection for oocytes against mutations. Hotspots for variants were identified in each type of cell, showing 58 sites overlapping between cell types; 40 of these were in the D-loop, 4 in rRNA, 4 in tRNA, and 10 in protein-coding regions. This supports the previous finding of high mutation frequency in the D-loop for oocytes. These results indicate that there is no increase in mutation frequency in oocytes as women age, though there was an increase in mutation frequency in both blood and saliva. This contrasts with previous literature in animal models that showed either continuous increases in mutation frequency with age or increases up to a certain age after which there was a plateau. The age group of this study was limited to 20-42, meaning that there could be an increase in mutation frequency that occurs either before or ","PeriodicalId":19409,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","volume":"81 1","pages":"25-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146011337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intrapartum Sildenafil to Improve Perinatal Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Sailesh Kumar, William Tarnow-Mordi, Ben W Mol, Vicki Flenady, Helen G Liley, Nadia Badawi, Susan Walker, Jonathan Hyett, Anna Seidler, Emily Callander, John Simes, Rachel L O'Connell","doi":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001179544.68677.5c","DOIUrl":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001179544.68677.5c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uterine contractions during labor reduce placental perfusion, which limits fetal oxygenation. Intrapartum fetal hypoxia and acidemia occur when there is insufficient reperfusion time between contractions or when placental dysfunction restricts oxygen transfer. The risks of hypoxic-ischemic injury during labor include intrapartum stillbirth, neonatal death, and neonatal encephalopathy. Emergency cesarean or instrumental deliveries are often required when fetal acidemia is suspected, though these interventions carry increased maternal and neonatal risk. Despite widespread use of electronic fetal heart rate monitoring to detect fetal compromise, rates of cerebral palsy, perinatal mortality, and other neonatal well-being measures have not improved. This highlights the need for more effective strategies to prevent adverse perinatal outcomes related to hypoxic injury. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors may be used to improve uteroplacental perfusion and enhance vasoconstriction in uterine and spinal arteries. Sildenafil citrate, a PDE5 inhibitor, has been used for indications related to placental dysfunction, to treat maternal hypertension, or both. A previous phase II randomized clinical trial (RCT) found that oral sildenafil reduced operative birth for fetal distress by 51% compared with placebo, but was underpowered to assess perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether oral sildenafil citrate during labor improves perinatal outcomes related to intrapartum hypoxia.The iSEARCH trial was a placebo-controlled, double-blind RCT conducted at 14 Australian hospitals from September 2021 to June 2024. Included were adult women with singleton or dichorionic twin pregnancies attempting vaginal birth at term, either by spontaneous labor or induction of labor. Excluded were those with monochorionic twins, triplets, higher-order multifetal gestation, or severe hepatic or kidney impairment. Also excluded were those taking nitrate-containing medications or other PDE inhibitors. Study participants were randomized 1:1 to receive 50 mg sildenafil citrate or a placebo every 8 hours for a maximum of 3 doses. The primary outcome was a composite of 10 intrapartum or neonatal events, including intrapartum stillbirth, 28-day neonatal death, Apgar score <4 at 5 minutes, acidosis at birth, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, neonatal seizure, neonatal respiratory support, admission to the neonatal unit, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, or meconium aspiration syndrome. Secondary outcomes included the 10 individual primary outcomes and emergency cesarean delivery or instrumental vaginal birth for fetal distress.A total of 3257 women were included in the analysis, with 1626 in the sildenafil citrate group and 1631 receiving placebos. The primary composite outcome occurred in 5.1% of women in the intervention group and 5.2% in the placebo group [relative risk (RR), 1.02; 95% CI, 0.75-1.37]. No cases of infant death occurred. The sildenafil","PeriodicalId":19409,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","volume":"81 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146011468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Colposcopy in a Resource-Limited Population.","authors":"Yining Chang, Tingyuan Li, Qiang Zhou, Dianju Kang, Lingling Zhu, Jingjing Yang, Qiongxiu Kou, Huijuan He, Yulin Zhou, Qiong Liao, Jingchang Du, Xiaoping Yu, Yuqian Zhao","doi":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001179576.36055.f0","DOIUrl":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001179576.36055.f0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The average increase in the incidence of cervical cancer in China has been estimated at 7.3% annually over the last 20 years. The most common cause of cervical cancer is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and thus screening for HPV is a cornerstone of cervical cancer detection and prevention. Standard treatment for individuals with HPV includes colposcopy and biopsy, if indicated, but the accuracy of colposcopy for diagnosis is dependent on the physician; a goal of advances in this field is to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy to prevent misdiagnosis. A potential solution to this problem is the use of artificial intelligence (AI), which has been shown to enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility of cervical cancer screening in previous studies. Using AI in colposcopy could reduce challenges related to population differences, but previous AI algorithms have focused only on small training sets, which are limited in their application. This study was designed to assess the applicability of AI colposcopy in cervical cancer screening, comparing conventional, AI, and AI-assisted colposcopy in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter observational study of patients in China who were recruited for cervical cancer screening between March 2023 and May 2024. The inclusion criteria were an anatomically intact cervix, understanding of the screening procedure, and written informed consent. The final analysis included 825 patients, with 583 also undergoing a biopsy. Median age was 53, and a total of 451 patients were postmenopausal. Of 825 women screened, 675 were positive for some form of HPV. Of these, 299 tested positive for HPV 16 or 18, the types most highly correlated with cervical cancer. Conventional colposcopy identified 392 positive test results, and AI colposcopy identified 640 positive test results. The agreement between the 2 methods was 53%. The sensitivity of conventional colposcopy was 85.9% (95% CI: 77.1%-91.8%) and the specificity was 57.7% (95% CI: 54%-61.3%). Sensitivity and specificity of AI colposcopy were 96% (95% CI: 89.4%-98.7%) and 24.9% (95% CI: 21.9%-28.3%). AI-assisted colposcopy had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 95.3%-100%) and a specificity of 15.8% (95% CI: 13.3%-18.7%). Results were similar in postmenopausal women, with AI and AI-assisted colposcopy having significantly greater sensitivity compared with conventional colposcopy (P=0.026, P<0.001, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity varied slightly depending on menopausal status, type of HPV, and visibility of the squamocolumnar junction, but results were similar across groups, showing an improved result for AI and AI-assisted procedures. These results indicate that AI colposcopy has advantages compared with conventional colposcopy, including increased sensitivity. AI-assisted colposcopy showed significantly improved diagnostic utility compared with conventional methods, especially in cases where diagnosi","PeriodicalId":19409,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","volume":"81 1","pages":"24-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146011493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New-Onset Mental Illness Among Gestational Carriers.","authors":"Maria P Velez, Natalie Dayan, Simone N Vigod, William Buckett, Sydney Flatt, Jonas Shellenberger, Joel G Ray","doi":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001179552.76476.7c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0001179552.76476.7c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of births achieved through a gestational carrier has been increasing. Yet few studies have looked at the mental health outcomes for gestational carriers. Pregnancy increases vulnerability to mental illness, and population-based data suggest that gestational carriers have higher rates of severe maternal morbidity than women in traditional pregnancies. Current guidelines emphasize selecting gestational carriers with stable family supports and requiring psychological evaluation before pregnancy, as up to half of women with prior severe mental illness relapse during pregnancy or postpartum. Risk factors for gestational carriers include emotional separation from the newborn, relationships with intended parents, and societal scrutiny. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of new-onset mental illness among gestational carriers compared with women who conceived unassisted and those who conceived using in vitro fertilization (IVF). This was a population-based study of births >20 weeks of gestation in women between 18 and 50 years of age from 2012 through 2021 in a universal health care system in Ontario, Canada. Excluded were women with a history of an infertility diagnosis or prior mental illness, and a medical condition that would preclude them from selecting a gestational carrier. The primary outcome was new-onset mental illness, such as a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, psychosis, substance use disorder, self-harm event, or other mental illness, based on ≥2 outpatient visits or ≥1emergency department visit or hospital admission. A total of 767,406 pregnancies were included in the analysis. Of these, 97.6% were conceived unassisted, 2.3% conceived by IVF, and 0.1% used a gestational carrier. Gestational carriers were more likely to be parous [91.2% vs. 57.9% (unassisted conception) and 34.1% (IVF)] and live in lower-income areas [23.4% vs. 21.9% (unassisted) and 12.1% (IVF)]. They also have a higher rate of obesity [36.1% vs. 17% (unassisted) and 17.1% (IVF)] and chronic hypertension [3.2% vs. 1.6% (unassisted) and 2.9% (IVF)]. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 4.5 (2.3 to 7.2) years, new-onset mental illness occurred in 236 gestational carriers compared with 195,022 women who conceived unassisted [6.9 vs. 5.2 per 100 person-years; incidence rate ratios (IRRs), 1.43; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.63) and with 4704 women receiving IVF (6.9 vs. 5.0 per 100 person-years; adjusted IRR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.47). The median (IQR) time from the estimated date of conception to a diagnosis of mental illness was 2.39 (1.11 to 4.19) years for gestational carriers versus 2.29 (1.02 to 4.34) years for those who conceived unassisted and 2.72 (1.11 to 4.82) years for those who used IVF. In conclusion, gestational carriers are more likely to be diagnosed with mental illness than women who conceive unassisted or use IVF. This study highlights the importance of enhanced mental health screening and support for gestational carriers.(Abstracted from: JAMA N","PeriodicalId":19409,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","volume":"81 1","pages":"7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146011483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Uncomplicated Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: Topical or Oral Drugs? Single-Day or Multiple-Day Therapy? A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.","authors":"Barbara Gardella, Mattia Dominoni, Chiara Cassani, Marianna Francesca Pasquali, Arsenio Spinillo","doi":"10.1097/OGX.0000000000001470","DOIUrl":"10.1097/OGX.0000000000001470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2025;233(3):152-161) One of the most commonly diagnosed female genital infections is vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and data show that up to 75% of women have had VVC at least once. VVC is classified as uncomplicated or complicated; uncomplicated VVC occurs in approximately 90% of cases, and the first-line treatment for it is typically topical nystatin or topical or oral azole antifungal medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19409,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","volume":"80 12","pages":"755-756"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145857551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulvar Inspection at the Time of Cervical Cancer Screening: European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO), International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) Consensus Statements.","authors":"Mario Preti, Fiona Lewis, Xavier Carcopino, Federica Bevilacqua, Laura Burney Ellis, Pia Halonen, Reda Hemida, Robert Jach, Vesna Kesic, Maria Kyrgiou, Tiziano Maggino, Amélia Pedro, Denis Querleu, Colleen Stockdale, Nadja Taumberger, Bilal Esat Temiz, Pedro Vieira-Baptista, Murat Gultekin","doi":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001176356.57234.17","DOIUrl":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001176356.57234.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(Abstracted from Int J Gynecol Cancer 2025;35(1):100007, doi:10.1016/j.ijgc.2024.100007) At the time of screening for cervical cancer, an external inspection of genitalia is a standard part of the procedure. This is in part due to inspection for signs of vulvar cancer, but evidence suggests that enough attention is not paid to this inspection as early diagnosis of vulvar cancer is still an issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":19409,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","volume":"80 12","pages":"759-761"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145857611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Treatment and Survival Trends for Periviable Births by Race and Ethnicity.","authors":"Nansi S Boghossian, Lucy T Greenberg, Erika M Edwards, Jeffrey D Horbar","doi":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001176336.07664.a1","DOIUrl":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001176336.07664.a1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(Abstracted from JAMA 2025;333(21):1925-1928) Restrictive abortion policies in many states may raise ethical and clinical considerations among neonatologists, who feel obligated to attempt life support to infants, regardless of the prognosis. Studies that have evaluated trends in initiating active treatment and the survival rate of infants born between 22 and 25 weeks of gestation are scarce.</p>","PeriodicalId":19409,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","volume":"80 12","pages":"737-738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145857637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Applications of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical Education.","authors":"Christopher M Morosky, Laura Baecher-Lind, Katherine T Chen, Angela Fleming, Shireen Madani Sims, Helen Kang Morgan, Celeste S Royce, Tammy Sonn, Alyssa Stephenson-Famy, Jill Sutton, Jonathan Schaffir, Rashmi Bhargava","doi":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001176360.66303.ab","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0001176360.66303.ab","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2025;233(1):4-11) Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are rising in popularity as new developments increase their abilities and accuracy; their function includes using large language models to generate responses based on history. The use of AI in clinical practice and medical education includes radiology imaging assessment, clinical decision support tools for diagnosis and treatment recommendations, and the potential for the enhancement of teaching, learning, and assessment in medical education.</p>","PeriodicalId":19409,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","volume":"80 12","pages":"761-762"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145724913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulvar Inspection at the Time of Cervical Cancer Screening: European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO), International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) Consensus Statements.","authors":"Mario Preti, Fiona Lewis, Xavier Carcopino, Federica Bevilacqua, Laura Burney Ellis, Pia Halonen, Reda Hemida, Robert Jach, Vesna Kesic, Maria Kyrgiou, Tiziano Maggino, Amélia Pedro, Denis Querleu, Colleen Stockdale, Nadja Taumberger, Bilal Esat Temiz, Pedro Vieira-Baptista, Murat Gultekin","doi":"10.1097/01.ogx.0001176356.57234.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ogx.0001176356.57234.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(Abstracted from Int J Gynecol Cancer 2025;35(1):100007, doi:10.1016/j.ijgc.2024.100007) At the time of screening for cervical cancer, an external inspection of genitalia is a standard part of the procedure. This is in part due to inspection for signs of vulvar cancer, but evidence suggests that enough attention is not paid to this inspection as early diagnosis of vulvar cancer is still an issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":19409,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey","volume":"80 12","pages":"759-761"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145724925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}