World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Morphological Properties and Nutrient Status of Different Waste Derived Slow Pyrolyzed Biochars","authors":"M. Hossain","doi":"10.33552/wjass.2020.06.000628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/wjass.2020.06.000628","url":null,"abstract":"Slow pyrolyzed (500±50 °C) ten different waste derived biochar viz. animal bone, corn stover, wood chips, sewage sludge, sugarcane bagasse, green coconut palms, nutshells, potato peels, water hyacinth and organic waste were analyzed to know their physicochemical properties and nutrient contents. Results provided the fact that water hyacinth biochar had the best nutrient status along with excellent physical properties like water holding capacity (509%) and CEC (300 cmolc kg-1) whilst potato peel biochar was the second best among all categories. The average particle size of wood chips biochar 0.82 μm2 was the largest along with the maximum pore depth. However, the region of this biochar occupied by remarkably small particles, which was 47.42%. The corn stover biochar, on the other hand, had the smallest average particle size (0.18 μm2) and the lowest particle area (9.19%). Biochar wood chips (51.3%) and biochar potato peels (49.4%) had the highest organic C value, while biochar nutshell had the lowest (15.31%), respectively. Nutrient content varies depending on the variation in the feedstock mostly N, P, K, and S in total content. Animal bone biochar (3.89%) and biochar nutshells (3.32%) exhibited the highest total N content. Total N biochar content derived from potato peel, water hyacinth, and organic matter had around 3 ppm, which was much higher than the remaining biochar content. In the analysis, high phosphorus concentrations resulted in biochar derived from animal bone feedstock (8.44%), whereas other biochars such as potato peel, water hyacinth, and organic waste were less than 1%. The biochar potato peel and the biochar water hyacinth had higher total K content than other biochars. All the biochars exhibited equal total S concentration. Biochar derived from animal bone (2.34%) and potato peel (2.72%) had a higher percentage of total K compared with other biochar. Biochar related wastes showed a very low concentration of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Cd, and Ni. The highest chromium content resulted in biochar sewage sludge (0.746 ppm). The concentration of total chromium was similar to that of both sugarcane bagasse biochar and nutshell biochar. The overall amount of lead and cadmium in all of the biochar was below the detection mark. In comparison, the biochar sewage sludge contained a high amount of nickel (1.06 ppm) relative to other biochars. This is perhaps due to the high amount of pollutants present in the sewage sludge feedstock.","PeriodicalId":194042,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126465441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"W.F.P.’S Nobel Prize, The Pandemic, & Our Emerging Existential Food Crisis","authors":"Scott M. Lacy","doi":"10.33552/wjass.2020.06.000627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/wjass.2020.06.000627","url":null,"abstract":"The way we make food shapes the world we live in. And if that’s the case, by reverse logic, our 21st century lives are a collective indictment of an unjust global food system. Historic levels of inequality, poverty, and hunger pervade our lived experience despite centuries of experiments in search of political, economic, and even scientific solutions to alleviate all this suffering on a macro-level.","PeriodicalId":194042,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131046672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-Chemical Properties, Functional Properties, and Chemical Compositions Of Ziziphus Mauritiana (Jujube) Seed Oil","authors":"Alawode Rahmatallah Adenike","doi":"10.33552/wjass.2020.06.000626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/wjass.2020.06.000626","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the physico-chemical properties, functional properties, and chemical compositions of Ziziphus mauritiana (Jujube) seed oil using standard analytical methods. The results indicated that Jujube seed oil exhibited swelling capacity of 6.10±0.23 %, water absorption capacity of 20.22±0.45, oil absorption capacity of 18.53±0.43%, bulk density of 0.583±0.01%, gelatinization temperature of 72.34±1.67%, foaming stability of 56.36±0.12%, foaming capacity of 8.29±0.02%, emulsion ability of 30.21±0.13 and emulsion stability of 27.62±0.89. the oil also shows specific gravity of 0.913±0.08 Kg/L, acid value of 2.27±0.17 mgKOH/g, saponification value of 192.40±9.98 mgKOH/g, peroxide value of 2.22±0.12 mmol/Kg, free fatty acid of 1.14±0.09 % and iodine value of 66.74±4.29 g/100g. a total of 19 chemical compound were identified from Z. mauritiana seed oil using GC-MS. The most abundant compound N-[3-[N-Aziridyl] propylidene] hexyl amine with retention time (RT) and peak area (PA) of 5.523 s and 38.32 respectively, followed by Benzeneethanamine, 4-methoxy-2-Butyne-1,4-diol with RT and PA of 9.833% and 7.29 respectively while terebic acid, n-Capric acid and oxalic acid were among the least abundant compounds identified. In conclusion, the seed oil of Ziziphus mauritiana (Jujube) exhibited a desirable characteristic for nutritional and industrial application.","PeriodicalId":194042,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115720244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Agro-Industrial Properties of the Soil Cover of the Agjabadi Region in the Example of the Garadolag Administrative Village","authors":"Z. Aliyev","doi":"10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000625","url":null,"abstract":"It is known from the brief nature of the territory of the research district that the date of establishment of Agjabadi district - 08.08.1930 The territory - 1.76 thousand sq.m. km Population - 136.8 thousand people (January 1, 2020) Population density - 1 sq. km. km 78 people (January 1, 2020). Agjabedi district is located in Mil and Garabagh plains of Kur-Araz lowland. Agjabedi city and Sarvanlar, Kurds, Minakhorlu, Garavelli, Galabadin, Avshar, Muganli, Shahsevan, Koyuk, Tazakend, Khojavend, Salmanbeyli, Ashagi Avshar, Hindarkh, Imamgulu-beyli, Mirzahagverdili, Sarijali, Balakhrizli, Taynaq, Poinag , Sharafkhanli, Shotlanli, Shenlik, Husulu, Ranjbarlar, Boyat, Hajilar, Garakhanli, Hajibadalli, Pariogullar, Agabeyli, Garadolag, Mehrabli, Kabirli, Aran, Yeni Garadolag, Najaf-gulubeyli, Qiyameddinli, Shahsevan-Tazakand, Shahsevan-Tazakand, Includes Jafarbeyli and Yukhari Qiyameddinli villages. The relief of the region is flat, gradually rising from the north-east to the south-west. The surface of the area is composed of continental-alluvial and marine sediments of the Anthropogenic system. There is a clay deposit. The climate is temperate hot, dry subtropical. The average temperature is 1.2-1.7 ° C in January and 25-26 ° C in July. Annual precipitation is 300-500 mm. The river network is sparse. The Kura River flows along the north-eastern border, and the Gargar River flows through the central part. The Upper Karabakh canal passes through the region. There is a salt lake in the area. Gray-meadow, gray, meadow-gray soils are widespread. In the central part, saline and saline soils are found. The plants are of steppe and semi-desert type. There are bushes and sparse Tugay forests on the banks of the Kura River. Animals: gazelle, wolf, wild boar, jackal, fox, swamp beaver, badger, gray rabbit, Asia Minor sand mouse, etc. Birds: turkey, pigeon, black grouse, pheasant, etc. Aggol National Park is located in Agjabadi district. 15 species of animals, 20 species of fish and 40 species of plants have been recorded here. Agjabadi is mainly an agricultural region. Fruit growing, cotton growing, grain growing, silkworm breeding, animal husbandry, etc. developed.","PeriodicalId":194042,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science","volume":"324 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133372526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of Solanum Lycopersicum to Organic Fertilizers Application","authors":"Afolayan Ezekiel Taiwo","doi":"10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000623","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the effects of organic manure (Plants and animals) on the performance of Solanum lycopersicum L. The work was conducted at the Botanical nursery, behind the Botanical Garden, Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) in 3 replicates. The treatments were animal manure of cow dung, poultry dung, rabbit dung and Plant manure of Gliricidia sepium. The plants characters measured include the leaf length, stem height, number of branches, number of leaves, number of flowers and fruits. Data obtained were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while means were separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results obtained showed that growth characters (number of leaves, number of branches, stem height and leaf length) and yield characters (number of flowers and fruits in Tomato) were influenced by the plant manure of Gliricidia sepium and animal manures of rabbit droppings. From the results, it was observed that Gliricidia sepium and rabbit dropping were the best manures for the cultivation of tomato.","PeriodicalId":194042,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117036213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Call for Holistic Soil Ecology","authors":"Barbara J Dilly","doi":"10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000621","url":null,"abstract":"The connections between agriculture, soil science, and human health have been well understood for centuries, but the development of state societies and market economies gradually segmented and subverted that knowledge into narrow specializations. Agriculture came under management of nation builders seeking to broaden productive capacities to further influence and power. Soil science was relegated to the laboratories and test plots of biology and chemistry in the adoption of hybrids and chemical fertilizers. Human health sciences compiled volumes of research on disease, which generated still more laboratory research on isolated cures through chemical intrusion.","PeriodicalId":194042,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128512787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing the impact of Food, Mating and Ageing on Callosobruchus maculatus’ Fecundity, Oviposition and Longevity","authors":"B. A. Akhiwu","doi":"10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000618","url":null,"abstract":"Callosobruchus maculatus, commonly known as Bean weevil, is an agricultural insect pest of both field and storage crop in Africa, Asia and most parts of the world. They cause serious economic damage to cowpea seed and other leguminous crops throughout the tropical and subtropical world. Understanding the biology of C. maculatus is very important in the control of this insect pest. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of feeding, mating, and aging on the fecundity and lifespan of the insect. was subjected to different feeding modes and mating. Daily weight was taken and recorded. The ability of ageing males to fertilize virgin females was investigated. This research is the first to investigate the effects of nutrients and ageing on the longevity and fecundity of C. maculatus. Data was collected and analyzed with tukey test at 5% significant difference. The results show that nutrient plays a vital role in longevity and fecundity of C. maculatus , and male C. maculatus would live longer in the absence of female. Furthermore, this study shows that weight loss and decline in reproductive ability (ageing males’ ability to fertilize virgin females declines as they grow older) are some of the attributes of ageing in C. maculatus.","PeriodicalId":194042,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124223873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Untapped Mystery and Potentials in Termites","authors":"B. A. Akhiwu","doi":"10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000617","url":null,"abstract":"the the conflicts. Termites pit, where dead termites Abstract This review is aimed at reawakening entomologists and researchers in exploring numerous beneficial potentials in termites rather than just focusing on the destructive nature of termites. Termites are one of the most hated insects in the world because of their destructive nature. Several heavy inorganic chemicals, such as organochlorine (cyclodiene) insecticides, have been developed for termites control. This review indicates some of the benefits, such as medicinal, food, intellectual, spiritual and beautiful scenery architectural works of termites. This review shows that termites could be rear for positive economic values. The economic importance of termites is not yet well explored.","PeriodicalId":194042,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126554611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Behavior of an Ultisol Under Different Sugarcane Management Systems in Brazil","authors":"José Ramon Barros Cantalice","doi":"10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000613","url":null,"abstract":"Compressibility and shear strength in agricultural soils are associated with pressures exerted on the soil surface by the intensive use of machines. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical behavior of an Ultisol cultivated with sugarcane under the application of sugarcane residues (vinasse and filter cake) and compare it with an Atlantic Forest soil. Uniaxial compression tests were performed through the application of increasing with pressures from 12.50 to 1,600 kPa, at three water contents in undisturbed samples from the layers of 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m, and for shear direct test were collected in the layers of 0-0.20 m and, subjected to three water content levels and four levels of normal tensions of direct shear. The higher content of total organic carbon in the soil under native forest (2.42 g kg-1) allowed higher pre-compression stresses (101.21-143.55 kPa) due to an increase in soil cohesion from 22.58 to 61.23 kPa, with the reduction in the volumetric water content. Thus, this natural condition was significantly different from the management systems, with respect to the mean values of cohesion, by Tukey test (p<0.05). The application of filter cake and vinasse for 25 years significantly favored the dissipation of pre-compression stress in the soil, compared with the soil under native forest. The system with filter cake application showed higher shear strength from the tension of 100 kPa on, with values from 120 to 190 kPa, in comparison to the system with vinasse application.","PeriodicalId":194042,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125989089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Salinity Research and Mapping using Remote Sensing GIS","authors":"Sahib Shukurov","doi":"10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/wjass.2020.05.000614","url":null,"abstract":"The research study evaluated the soil salinity by using special scientific tools like Remote Sensing and GIS technology, so that proper measurements could be taken for the sustainable agriculture and water management. A study to evaluate an irrigation system in the dry and semi-dry zone of straight Salyan, The study is made on the basis of salinity to evaluate the system. The primary data use for the study was the satellite images. This study employed an index-based approach of using Geographic Information System with field data. The satellite images of four different years was used to examine the effective area. Several combinations of the ratio of signals received in different spectral bands were used for development of this index. Near Infrared and Thermal IR spectral bands proved to be most effective as this combination helped easy detection of salt affected area. The results were confirmed by field research and laboratory analysis. The research will not only RS base for this field measurement also required for verification and correction. Several combinations of the ratio of signals received in different spectral bands were used for development of this index.","PeriodicalId":194042,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130508626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}