ERPN: Institutions/Organizations (Sub-Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Credit Impairment and Housing Tenure Choice","authors":"P. Calem, S. Firestone, Susan M. Wachter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1310203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1310203","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze the relationship between underwriting standards and low-income homeownership rates using the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The survey respondents are a nationally representative sample of Americans mostly 40-48 years of age as of the most recent wave of the survey in 2004. Past research has identified credit impairment, wealth constraints, and income constraints as finance-related barriers to homeownership. Using a model of tenure choice, we find that absent all three constraints, the homeownership rate of low-income households in our sample would increase from 52.5 to 59.3 percent. Approximately half of this differential is attributable to households with impaired credit and those with 'thin-file status,' the lack of a substantial credit history.","PeriodicalId":193949,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Institutions/Organizations (Sub-Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121609635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poverty and Microfinance in Eritrea - A Discourse","authors":"R. Rena, Dr. Ghirmai T. Kefela","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1291508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1291508","url":null,"abstract":"The poverty levels in Eritrea are alarming. In the light of the escalating nature of poverty, there is an urgent need for a poverty alleviation initiative to reduce miseries of the majority of the poor. An attempt is made in this paper to analyse the incidence of poverty in the country with a particular focus on Agriculture. It also shed a light on the agriculture sector and its crucial role in providing 75 per cent jobs to its people. The paper also delves with the microfinance institutions particularly the Saving and Micro Credit Porgramme and its impact in reducing the poverty. It concludes that microfinance has strong capacity to drive economic growth and poverty reduction in Eritrea.","PeriodicalId":193949,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Institutions/Organizations (Sub-Topic)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130922737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building an Honest Microfinance Organization: Embezzlement and the Optimality of Rigid Repayment Schedules and Joint Liability","authors":"Doh-Shin Jeon, D. Menicucci","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1001622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1001622","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the agency problem of a staff member managing microfinancing programs, who can abuse his discretion to embezzle borrowers' repayments. The fact that most borrowers of microfinancing programs are illiterate and live in rural areas where transportation costs are very high make staff's embezzlement particularly relevant as is documented by Mknelly and Kevane (2002). We study the trade-off between the optimal rigid lending contract and the optimal discretionary one and find that a rigid contract is optimal when the audit cost is larger than gains from insurance. Our analysis explains rigid repayment schedules used by the Grameen bank as an optimal response to the bank staff's agency problem. Joint liability reduces borrowers' burden of respecting the rigid repayment schedules by providing them with partial insurance. However, the same insurance can be provided by borrowers themselves under individual liability through a side-contract.","PeriodicalId":193949,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Institutions/Organizations (Sub-Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132043731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Análisis de las carteras de créditos orientados a la Microempresa de los Bancos Privados del Ecuador 2009-2010 (Analysis of the Credit Portfolios Oriented to Microenterprises of the Private Banks of Ecuador 2009-2010)","authors":"Arnaldo Vergara-Romero","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3849102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3849102","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> El presente trabajo muestra el comportamiento de los Bancos Privados Nacionales en los créditos otorgados y orientados hacia el sector microempresarial, este comportamiento se ve por la cuantificación de las carteras brutas, pero se tiene que analizar cuáles son los riesgos y los beneficios que pueden obtener los Bancos Privados, esto se lo puede analizar por medio de la cartera improductiva, tasa de morosidad, intereses ganados y rendimiento de la cartera.<br>En el primer sumario se analiza la importancia de la Banca en la macroeconomía de un país y cuál es su rol, luego se mencionan cuales son estas instituciones financieras y en qué mercados se incorporan. También se mencionan como las microfinanzas están impulsando a las microempresa y que está sucediendo en Latinoamérica, por último, una historia de los hechos relevantes en Banca ecuatoriana.<br>En el segundo sumario se conocen todas las características del sistema financiero nacional, cuáles son sus principales líneas de créditos y se pasa a un revisión de las carteras brutas e improductivas, tasa de morosidad, intereses ganados y el rendimiento de la cartera de créditos que otorgaron los Bancos Privados Nacionales para el sector microempresarial del bienio 2007-2008.<br>En el último sumario se analizan los comportamientos de los principales indicadores de créditos de la Banca Privada Nacional hacia el sector microempresarial en el bienio 2009-2010, sean estas carteras brutas e improductivas, morosidad, intereses ganados y rendimientos.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> This work shows the behavior of the National Private Banks in the loans granted and oriented towards the microenterprise sector, this behavior is seen by the quantification of the gross portfolios, but it is necessary to analyze what are the risks and benefits that can be obtained by the Private Banks, this can be analyzed through the non-performing portfolio, delinquency rate, interest earned, and portfolio performance.<br><br>The first summary analyzes the importance of banking in the macroeconomy of a country and what its role is, then it is mentioned which are these financial institutions and in which markets they are incorporated. They also mention how microfinance is promoting microenterprises and what is happening in Latin America, finally, a history of relevant events in Ecuadorian banking.<br><br>In the second summary, all the characteristics of the national financial system are known, which are its main credit lines and a review of the gross and non-performing portfolios, delinquency rate, interest earned and the performance of the loan portfolio granted National Private Banks for the microenterprise sector for the 2007-2008 biennium.<br><br>The last summary analyzes the behavior of the main credit indicators of the National Private Bank towards the microenterprise sector in the 2009-2010 biennium, whether these portfolios are gross and unproductive, delinquency, interest earned and returns.","PeriodicalId":193949,"journal":{"name":"ERPN: Institutions/Organizations (Sub-Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132492843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}