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Real-time capable modeling of ICRF heating on NSTX and WEST via machine learning approaches 通过机器学习方法对 NSTX 和 WEST 上的 ICRF 加热进行实时建模
IF 3.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Fusion Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ad645d
Á. Sánchez-Villar, Zhe Bai, N. Bertelli, E. W. Bethel, Julien Hillairet, T. Perciano, Syunichi Shiraiwa, Greg M Wallace, John Wright
{"title":"Real-time capable modeling of ICRF heating on NSTX and WEST via machine learning approaches","authors":"Á. Sánchez-Villar, Zhe Bai, N. Bertelli, E. W. Bethel, Julien Hillairet, T. Perciano, Syunichi Shiraiwa, Greg M Wallace, John Wright","doi":"10.1088/1741-4326/ad645d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad645d","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A real-time capable core ICRF heating model on NSTX and WEST is developed. The model is based on two nonlinear regression algorithms, the random forest ensemble of decision trees and the multilayer perceptron neural network. The algorithms are trained on TORIC ICRF spectrum solver simulations of the expected flat-top operation scenarios in NSTX and WEST assuming Maxwellian plasmas. The surrogate models are shown to successfully capture the multi-species core ICRF power absorption predicted by the original model for the high harmonic fast wave and the ion cyclotron minority heating schemes while reducing the computational time by six orders of magnitude. Although these models can be expanded, the achieved regression scoring, computational efficiency and increased model robustness suggest these strategies can be implemented into integrated modeling frameworks for real-time control applications.","PeriodicalId":19379,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Fusion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nonlinear modeling of ELM mitigation with RMP on HL-2A 在 HL-2A 上利用 RMP 进行 ELM 缓解的非线性建模
IF 3.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Fusion Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ad645c
Lian Wang, G. Hao, Marina Becoulet, Yueqiang Liu, Yuhong Xu, Jiquan Li, Pengfei Zheng, D. Hu, Shilin Hu, Guanqi Dong, Shuo Wang, Xiaoxue He, Tengfei Sun, Guido Huijsmans, Wulyu Zhong
{"title":"Nonlinear modeling of ELM mitigation with RMP on HL-2A","authors":"Lian Wang, G. Hao, Marina Becoulet, Yueqiang Liu, Yuhong Xu, Jiquan Li, Pengfei Zheng, D. Hu, Shilin Hu, Guanqi Dong, Shuo Wang, Xiaoxue He, Tengfei Sun, Guido Huijsmans, Wulyu Zhong","doi":"10.1088/1741-4326/ad645c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad645c","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nonlinear modeling of mitigation of the edge localized mode (ELM) with resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) is performed for the HL-2A tokamak, utilizing the three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code JOREK. Based on the 3D equilibrium established after application of the n=1 (n is the toroidal mode number) RMP at 4.9 kAt coil current with odd parity, ELM mitigation is successfully simulated consistent with the experimental result. Nonlinear simulations show strong mode coupling among toroidal Fourier harmonics, allowing redistribution of the magnetic energy such that the most unstable toroidal mode saturates at a lower level. This magnetic energy cascade offers an explanation of the RMP-induced ELM mitigation achieved in HL-2A. Detailed examination of the simulation results shows persistent resonant field screening even during the ELM mitigation phase. Finite plasma resistivity however does enable partial penetration of the resonant field thus modifying the edge magnetic topology and characteristics of the edge transport. Plasma radial profiles undergo pronounced changes around the pedestal region, when the magnetic energy of the most unstable toroidal mode reaches the maximum value. Systematic scans of the applied RMP coil current with the JOREK simulations find a threshold value of around 4.5 kAt required for achieving the ELM mitigation on HL-2A.","PeriodicalId":19379,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Fusion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of non-axisymmetric magnetic field for control of Alfvén eigenmodes in KSTAR 应用非轴对称磁场控制 KSTAR 中的阿尔芬特征模式
IF 3.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Fusion Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ad645e
Kimin Kim, Jisung Kang, Tongnyeol Rhee, Minho Kim, Junghee Kim
{"title":"Application of non-axisymmetric magnetic field for control of Alfvén eigenmodes in KSTAR","authors":"Kimin Kim, Jisung Kang, Tongnyeol Rhee, Minho Kim, Junghee Kim","doi":"10.1088/1741-4326/ad645e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad645e","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We report the experimental examination of non-axisymmetric (3D) magnetic field for control of Alfvén eigenmodes (AEs) in KSTAR. Application of the phase-sweeping n=1 3D magnetic field identifies the effective 3D field phase and threshold amplitude for suppression of the toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE). Such observations indicate at least two conditions of 3D field phase and amplitude should be satisfied for the AE suppression. The phase window of AE suppression is largely resonant and thereby overlapped with that of mode locking, while the threshold of mode locking is slightly higher than that of AE suppression, which implies narrow 3D configuration window for AE suppression. Numerical analyses on the AE stability and fast ion phase-space transport suggest that key mechanism of the AE suppression is the reduction of the AE drive through redistribution of fast ion phase-space distribution by strong resonant interactions of the fast ions with the 3D magnetic field.","PeriodicalId":19379,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Fusion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CIGALE: An innovative gas neutralizer based high efficiency neutral beam injector concept for future fusion reactors CIGALE: 基于气体中和器的创新型高效中性束注入器概念,适用于未来的聚变反应堆
IF 3.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Fusion Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ad645f
Alain Simonin, Hugo Bouvard, Basile Pouradier Duteil
{"title":"CIGALE: An innovative gas neutralizer based high efficiency neutral beam injector concept for future fusion reactors","authors":"Alain Simonin, Hugo Bouvard, Basile Pouradier Duteil","doi":"10.1088/1741-4326/ad645f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad645f","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper outlines the main features of a new high efficiency > 62%) high power (~20 MW D0) Neutral Beam concept based on pragmatic solutions suitable with the reactor requirements. The injector is modular (several beamlines in parallel) with independent ion sources referenced to the ground potential and gas neutralizers held at +1 MV. This topology leads to numerous simplifications; it overcomes the main issues of conventional NB systems, such as the complex 1MV electrical setup, the difficult ion source remote maintenance, the high caesium consumption. The other key parameter is the gas neutralization concept which minimizes the amount of gas by operating at a low gas target and low neutralizer duct conductance. The implementation of an energy recovery system for the residual 1 MeV D- is essential to attain a high wall-plug efficiency. These specific features require thin laminar D- beams provided by a pre-acceleration up to 100 keV in slotted grid apertures to form thin blade-like beamlets, followed by the post-acceleration to 1 MeV by merging the beamlets in a single beam in five gaps (+200 kV per gap). All these specific aspects minimize the beams losses and thermal loads along the beamline and enhance the injector reliability and availability.","PeriodicalId":19379,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Fusion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141830485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High performance power handling in the absence of an H-mode edge in negative triangularity DIII-D plasmas 负三角形 DIII-D 等离子体中无 H 模式边缘时的高性能功率处理
IF 3.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Fusion Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ad5f41
F. Scotti, A. Marinoni, A.G. McLean, C. Paz-Soldan, K.E. Thome, M. Zhao, S. Allen, M. Austin, M.G. Burke, D. Eldon, M. Fenstermacher, A. Hyatt, C.J. Lasnier, A. Leonard, J. Lore, A.O. Nelson, T. Osborne, O. Sauter, D. Truong, M.A. Van Zeeland, H.Q. Wang and R. Wilcox
{"title":"High performance power handling in the absence of an H-mode edge in negative triangularity DIII-D plasmas","authors":"F. Scotti, A. Marinoni, A.G. McLean, C. Paz-Soldan, K.E. Thome, M. Zhao, S. Allen, M. Austin, M.G. Burke, D. Eldon, M. Fenstermacher, A. Hyatt, C.J. Lasnier, A. Leonard, J. Lore, A.O. Nelson, T. Osborne, O. Sauter, D. Truong, M.A. Van Zeeland, H.Q. Wang and R. Wilcox","doi":"10.1088/1741-4326/ad5f41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad5f41","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments performed during strongly-shaped high-power diverted negative triangularity (NT) experiments in DIII-D achieved detached divertor conditions and a transient-free edge, showcasing the potential for application of NT to a core-edge integrated reactor-like scenario and providing the first characterization of the parametric dependencies for detachment onset. Detached divertor conditions will be required in future devices to mitigate divertor heat fluxes. Access to dissipative divertor conditions was investigated via an increase in upstream density. Detachment onset at the outer strike point was achieved with H-mode level confinement and reactor-relevant normalized pressures . Confinement degradation was observed with deeper detachment, associated with the loss of an electron temperature pedestal. Differences in geometry, radial transport, impact of cross field drifts are discussed to explain differences in access to detachment in NT discharges. Higher normalized densities, with respect to equivalent discharges in positive triangularity, were necessary to achieve detachment, partially explained by the shorter parallel connection length to the targets. The effect of cross-field particle drifts (E×B, B B) on access to detachment was demonstrated by the lower upstream density needed to access detachment with ion B B drift directed outside of the active divertor (Greenwald fraction 0.9–1.0 vs 1.3). The upstream density at detachment onset was observed to increase linearly with plasma current with ion B B drift into the divertor, consistent with the observed narrowing of the scrape-off layer heat flux width λq. Edge fluid simulations capture separatrix densities needed to achieve detachment in NT plasma and their dependence on drift direction. The ability to reproduce detachment dynamics in NT plasma increases the confidence in future design studies for NT divertors.","PeriodicalId":19379,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Fusion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141718884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impurity transport study based on measurement of visible wavelength high-n charge exchange transitions at W7-X 基于 W7-X 可见光波长高 n 电荷交换跃迁测量的杂质传输研究
IF 3.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Fusion Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ad5aad
Colin Swee, Benedikt Geiger, Oliver Ford, Mark Nornberg, Martin O’Mullane, Peter Poloskei, Felix Reimold, Thilo Romba, Thomas Wegner and the W7-X Team
{"title":"Impurity transport study based on measurement of visible wavelength high-n charge exchange transitions at W7-X","authors":"Colin Swee, Benedikt Geiger, Oliver Ford, Mark Nornberg, Martin O’Mullane, Peter Poloskei, Felix Reimold, Thilo Romba, Thomas Wegner and the W7-X Team","doi":"10.1088/1741-4326/ad5aad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad5aad","url":null,"abstract":"A recently installed high-speed charge exchange diagnostic at the W7-X stellarator has been used to identify several high-n Rydberg emission lines near 500 nm following impurity injections. The wavelengths of observed high-n Rydberg transitions are independent of the impurity species and originate from ions with ionization states ranging from 14+ to 45+ suggesting that this approach can be applied to a variety of heavy impurities. Moreover, little to no passive signal is observed since the high-n energy levels are unlikely to be populated by electron impact excitation. The combination of the newly developed diagnostic and the observation of high-n Rydberg states provides spatially resolved, high-speed measurements of multiple charge states which are analyzed in a Bayesian inference framework to determine both impurity diffusion and convection profiles. Measurements from the 2023 experimental campaign conclusively show high diffusion and an inward pinch in the core, well above predictions by neoclassical theory.","PeriodicalId":19379,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Fusion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141588520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Observation of alpha-particles in recent D–T experiments on JET 最近在 JET 上进行的 D-T 实验中观测到的α粒子
IF 3.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Fusion Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ad5c81
V.G. Kiptily, C.D. Challis, R. Dumont, M. Fitzgerald, J. Garcia, L. Garzotti, Z. Ghani, J. Hobirk, P. Jacquet, A. Kappatou, D. Keeling, Ye. Kazakov, P. Mantica, M.J. Mantsinen, S.E. Sharapov, E.R. Solano, D. Van Eester, P.J. Bonofiglo, T. Craciunescu, A. Dal Molin, J. Eriksson, V. Goloborodko, M.V. Iliasova, E.M. Khilkevitch, D. King, I. Lengar, M. Nocente, S. Menmuir, M. Podestà, M. Poradzinski, D. Rigamonti, J. Rivero-Rodriguez, Z. Stancar, A.E. Shevelev, P. Siren, H. Sun, D.M. Taylor, M. Tardocchi, P. Beaumont, F. Belli, F.E. Cecil, R. Coelho, M. Curuia, M. Garcia-Munoz, E. Joffrin, C. Lowry, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, C.F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, D. Marocco, M. Maslov, C. Perez Von Thun, F. Rimini, V. Zoita and JET Contributors
{"title":"Observation of alpha-particles in recent D–T experiments on JET","authors":"V.G. Kiptily, C.D. Challis, R. Dumont, M. Fitzgerald, J. Garcia, L. Garzotti, Z. Ghani, J. Hobirk, P. Jacquet, A. Kappatou, D. Keeling, Ye. Kazakov, P. Mantica, M.J. Mantsinen, S.E. Sharapov, E.R. Solano, D. Van Eester, P.J. Bonofiglo, T. Craciunescu, A. Dal Molin, J. Eriksson, V. Goloborodko, M.V. Iliasova, E.M. Khilkevitch, D. King, I. Lengar, M. Nocente, S. Menmuir, M. Podestà, M. Poradzinski, D. Rigamonti, J. Rivero-Rodriguez, Z. Stancar, A.E. Shevelev, P. Siren, H. Sun, D.M. Taylor, M. Tardocchi, P. Beaumont, F. Belli, F.E. Cecil, R. Coelho, M. Curuia, M. Garcia-Munoz, E. Joffrin, C. Lowry, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, C.F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, D. Marocco, M. Maslov, C. Perez Von Thun, F. Rimini, V. Zoita and JET Contributors","doi":"10.1088/1741-4326/ad5c81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad5c81","url":null,"abstract":"The fusion reaction between deuterium and tritium, D(T,n)4He is the main source of energy in future thermonuclear reactors. Alpha-particles (4He-ions) born with an average energy of 3.5 MeV transferring energy to the thermal plasma during their slowing down, should provide the self-sustained D–T plasma burn. The adequate confinement of α-particles is essential to provide efficient heating of the bulk plasma and steady burning of a reactor plasma. That is why the fusion-born α-particle studies have been a priority task in the second D–T experiments (DTE2) on the Joint European Torus (JET) to understand the main mechanisms of their slowing down, redistribution and losses and to develop optimal plasma scenarios. JET with Be-wall and W-divertor, enhanced auxiliary heating systems and improved energetic-particle diagnostic capabilities, producing significant population of α-particles, provided the possibility for comprehensive studying of the α-particle behaviour. Selected results of the confined and lost α-particle measurements, evidence of α-particle self-heating and assessments of the fusion performance are presented in this paper giving an opportunity for further modelling and extrapolation to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and burning plasma reactors.","PeriodicalId":19379,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Fusion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141586723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interfaces enhanced plasma irradiation resistance in CrMoTaWV/W multilayer films through blocking He diffusion 通过阻断 He 扩散增强 CrMoTaWV/W 多层薄膜的抗等离子辐照能力
IF 3.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Fusion Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ad5aaf
Chenyi Qu, Mengqing Hong, Guo Wei, Wentao Ge, Enkai Guo, Fen Zhong, Guangxu Cai, Yongqiang Wang and Feng Ren
{"title":"Interfaces enhanced plasma irradiation resistance in CrMoTaWV/W multilayer films through blocking He diffusion","authors":"Chenyi Qu, Mengqing Hong, Guo Wei, Wentao Ge, Enkai Guo, Fen Zhong, Guangxu Cai, Yongqiang Wang and Feng Ren","doi":"10.1088/1741-4326/ad5aaf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad5aaf","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of plasma-facing materials (PFMs) is one of the key factors that significantly impact the stability of operation in fusion reactors. Herein, a new CrMoTaWV/W (high entropy alloy (HEA)/W) multilayer structure is designed as PFM to investigate its resistance to He plasma irradiation. It was observed that the introduction of the interfaces effectively absorbed plenty of He atoms, preventing them from diffusing into the material and delaying the formation of fuzz incubation zone, therefore, enhancing the resistance to plasma irradiation. The thickness transformed to fuzz in the HEA/W multilayer films was observed to be about two-thirds of those in the CrMoTaWV (HEA) film. Additionally, the fuzz growth rates in HEA/W multilayer films are lower than the average growth rate of bulk W and HEA films combined. These findings highlight a promising new avenue for the exploration of high-performance PFMs.","PeriodicalId":19379,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Fusion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Turbulence link to L-mode, I-mode, and H-mode confinement in the DIII-D tokamak 湍流与 DIII-D 托卡马克中的 L 模、I 模和 H 模约束的联系
IF 3.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Fusion Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ad5aae
J. Chen, D.L. Brower, J. McClenaghan, Z. Yan, A.E. Hubbard, R. Groebner
{"title":"Turbulence link to L-mode, I-mode, and H-mode confinement in the DIII-D tokamak","authors":"J. Chen, D.L. Brower, J. McClenaghan, Z. Yan, A.E. Hubbard, R. Groebner","doi":"10.1088/1741-4326/ad5aae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad5aae","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the physics of low-confinement (L-), improved-confinement (I-), and high-confinement (H-) modes is critical for fusion reactors. The finding herein reports observations of two types of turbulence coexisting near the L-mode edge, one magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)-like and another micro-tearing mode (MTM)-like, linked to the H-mode and I-mode confinement in the DIII-D tokamak. Ion-scale magnetic and density turbulence is measured using a Faraday-effect radial-interferometer-polarimeter and beam-emission-spectroscopy (BES). Broadband turbulence spectra of up to ∼600 kHz are observed in two discharges where transitions between L-mode, I-mode, and H-mode occurs. Turbulence is found to be inversely correlated with confinement, meaning lower turbulence power at higher confinement. Distinctively, the high-frequency (HF, &gt;∼100 kHz) magnetic turbulence power changes by the most (55%) during transitions primarily involving energy confinement change, whereas the low-frequency (LF, &lt;∼100 kHz) magnetic and density turbulence power changes by the most (80%) during transitions primarily involving particle confinement change. The LF turbulence amplitude oscillates with and leads to deuterium-alpha emission oscillations before an H-mode. These results imply that HF turbulence mainly affects energy confinement whereas LF turbulence can affect particle confinement. The magnetic and density turbulence exhibits coherence up to 0.6 and cross-phase magnitude close to <inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $pi /2$?></tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"nfad5aaeieqn1.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula> in most cases, suggesting they have a common origin in both the LF and HF ranges. BES suggests that LF turbulence resides at the edge (<inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $rho = 0.95$?></tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.95</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"nfad5aaeieqn2.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>) and HF turbulence can be at the outer core (<inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $rho = 0.8$?></tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"nfad5aaeieqn3.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>) or edge (<inline-formula>\u0000<tex-math><?CDATA $rho = 0.95$?></tex-math>\u0000<mml:math overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.95</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>\u0000<inline-graphic xlink:href=\"nfad5aaeieqn4.gif\" xlink:type=\"simple\"></inline-graphic>\u0000</inline-formula>). Comparisons of measurements, theory, and gyrokinetic simulations suggest that HF turbulence is MTM-like in all cases, whereas LF turbulence is more consistent with MHD-like modes and th","PeriodicalId":19379,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Fusion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid model predictive control techniques for safety factor profile and stored energy regulation while incorporating NBI constraints 用于安全系数曲线和储能调节的混合模型预测控制技术,同时纳入 NBI 约束条件
IF 3.3 1区 物理与天体物理
Nuclear Fusion Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1088/1741-4326/ad5c7f
Brian Leard, Zibo Wang, Sai Tej Paruchuri, Eugenio Schuster, Tariq Rafiq
{"title":"Hybrid model predictive control techniques for safety factor profile and stored energy regulation while incorporating NBI constraints","authors":"Brian Leard, Zibo Wang, Sai Tej Paruchuri, Eugenio Schuster, Tariq Rafiq","doi":"10.1088/1741-4326/ad5c7f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad5c7f","url":null,"abstract":"A novel hybrid Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm has been designed for simultaneous safety factor (<italic toggle=\"yes\">q</italic>) profile and stored energy (<italic toggle=\"yes\">w</italic>) control while incorporating the pulse-width-modulation constraints associated with the neutral beam injection (NBI) system. Regulation of the <italic toggle=\"yes\">q</italic>-profile has been extensively shown to be a key factor for improved confinement as well as non-inductive sustainment of the plasma current. Simultaneous control of <italic toggle=\"yes\">w</italic> is necessary to prevent the triggering of pressure-driven magnetohydrodynamic instabilities as the controller shapes the <italic toggle=\"yes\">q</italic> profile. Conventional MPC schemes proposed for <italic toggle=\"yes\">q</italic>-profile control have considered the NBI powers as continuous-time signals, ignoring the discrete-time nature of these actuators and leading in some cases to performance loss. The hybrid MPC scheme in this work has the capability of incorporating the discrete-time actuator dynamics as additional constraints. In nonlinear simulations, the proposed hybrid MPC scheme demonstrates improved <italic toggle=\"yes\">q</italic>-profile+<italic toggle=\"yes\">w</italic> control performance for NSTX-U operating scenarios.","PeriodicalId":19379,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Fusion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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