Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Mini-Review: Allicin as a Potential Neuroprotective Compound in Neurological Disorders.","authors":"Wen-Rui Tang, Ke Qian Chen","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S621474","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S621474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, allicin has received extensive attention in the field of neuroprotection. This mini-review summarizes the extraction, detection, synthesis, toxicity, novel drug delivery systems of allicin and its research progress in neurological diseases. We found that allicin can exert neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, cerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage by inhibiting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, regulating mitochondrial function, and improving blood-brain barrier integrity. However, current studies are mostly limited to animal experiments and lack high-quality clinical research evidence. Additionally, the unstable chemical properties and low bioavailability of allicin have limited its clinical translation. In the future, more randomized controlled clinical trials should be conducted and new delivery systems should be developed to improve its stability and targeting. This mini-review aims to provide a theoretical basis for further research and application of allicin in neurological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"621474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine Learning and Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution-Based Prediction Model for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.","authors":"Qixin Xu, Zhijie Huang, Weiyang Su, Aiwu Cai, Zhuzhang Chen, Wanfei Zhou, Junyong Li, Xiaomei Chen","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S608660","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S608660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a nomogram screening model for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community-dwelling older adults by integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution classification with machine learning-based feature selection, aiming to provide a practical tool for early identification in primary care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,503 older adults (aged ≥60 years) at a community health service center in Guangzhou, China. Data were prospectively collected during standardized community health examinations between January and December 2025. Participants were randomly divided into training (n = 1,052) and validation (n = 451) sets. Four machine learning algorithms-LASSO regression, random forest, decision tree, and XGBoost-were applied to identify stable predictors. Variables selected by all four methods were entered into multivariable logistic regression, and a nomogram was constructed. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of MCI, defined by education-adjusted Chinese Mini-Mental Status (CMMS) cutoffs based on Petersen criteria, was 24.1%. Seven independent correlates were identified: increasing age, female sex, Qi-deficiency constitution, Yin-deficiency constitution, elevated serum creatinine, regular physical exercise, and Balanced constitution. The nomogram achieved AUCs of 0.813 (training) and 0.747 (validation), with satisfactory calibration. Adding TCM constitution to a clinical reference model significantly improved predictive performance (NRI > 0, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The nomogram incorporating TCM constitution types demonstrated good discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility for community-based MCI screening, providing a practical tool for early identification and risk stratification in primary care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"608660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13283400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148302588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modifying Neuropsychiatric and Motor Trajectories in Huntington's Disease Through an Integrated Neurobehavioral Clinic Model.","authors":"Shakaib Khan, Luis Velez Figueroa, Chindhuri Selvadurai, Ajit Rajendra Deshpande, Fatemeh Najmivarzaneh, Cutter A Lindbergh","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S605644","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S605644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by worsening motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms. Psychiatric symptoms in HD arise from progressive frontostriatal circuit dysfunction and often precede motor manifestations, contributing significantly to disability and functional decline. In the absence of disease-modifying therapies, clinical care focuses on symptom management and functional preservation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective pre-post chart review comparing longitudinal clinical outcomes before and after implementation of a multidisciplinary clinic model in HD patients (N = 56) using an observational study design. Differences were analyzed using paired-samples <i>t</i>-tests, with effect sizes reported as Cohen's d. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. Motor symptoms were assessed using the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor subscale. Cognitive symptoms were measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anxiety and depression symptom trajectories showed increased stability after initiation of the multidisciplinary clinic (ds = -0.008 and 0.133, respectively) compared to worsening trajectories prior to initiation (ds = 0.309 and 0.366, respectively). About 64-67% of patients were responders post-clinic relative to only 33-43% pre-clinic. Motor symptom severity significantly decreased following integrated clinic model implementation (d = -0.341), representing deviation from the expected progressive trajectory of manifest HD. Cognitive performance remained stable across follow-up intervals.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings suggest that multidisciplinary integrated care may favorably influence motor and psychiatric symptom trajectories in HD, supporting the value of a coordinated, team-based approach to managing this complex disorder. While observed effects were not particularly large, in the context of a progressive neurodegenerative condition, modest improvement or even stabilization in symptoms represents a clinically meaningful deviation from the expected course of decline. However, conclusions and generalizability are limited by the modest sample size and retrospective observational design.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"605644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13283860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and Functional Exploration of Exosome-Derived ITGA9-AS1 and WNT5A-AS1 as Candidate Diagnostic Biomarkers for Schizophrenia.","authors":"Yangyang Xu, Yan Wang, Fuyi Qin, Ling Yu, Weihao Li, Xu You, Li Guo, Yilin Liu, Yong Zeng","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S600571","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S600571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Schizophrenia lacks objective biomarkers, and its complex aetiology demands epigenetic insight. Given the regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the nervous system and brain-relevant signals in peripheral exosomes, we evaluated lncRNA expression in patient blood cells and plasma exosomes, assessed their diagnostic value, and explored potential functions and mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Differentially expressed lncRNAs in schizophrenia-related exosomes were identified from GEO (GSE228881), and 15 candidates were selected for validation. In a clinical cohort, RT-qPCR assessed their expression in peripheral blood cells and plasma exosomes. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by ROC analysis. Top dysregulated lncRNAs underwent bioinformatic analyses: subcellular localization, evolutionary conservation, ceRNA network construction, and GO/KEGG enrichment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ITGA9-AS1 and WNT5A-AS1 were significantly upregulated in both peripheral blood cells and plasma exosomes from patients. Both showed favorable diagnostic potential, with AUC values of 0.8422 and 0.8073, respectively, in peripheral blood; their combination yielded an AUC of 0.9180. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that ITGA9-AS1 primarily localizes to the cytoplasm, whereas WNT5A-AS1 is enriched in exosomes, with both exhibiting high evolutionary conservation. Functional predictions suggest ITGA9-AS1 may regulate neuroplasticity-related pathways such as \"long-term potentiation\" and \"cAMP signaling pathway\" via a ceRNA mechanism. WNT5A-AS1 may mediate intercellular communication through exosomes, influencing developmental and metabolic pathways, including the \"Notch signaling pathway\" and \"cysteine and methionine metabolism\".</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that ITGA9-AS1 and WNT5A-AS1 are highly promising biomarker candidates for schizophrenia. They may be involved in the disease process through distinct mechanisms (intracellular regulation and intercellular communication), thus providing a new theoretical framework and suggesting potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"600571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13281893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Effective Connectivity Within the Frontoparietal Network in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Modulation by Acupuncture: A Resting-State <i>f</i>MRI Study.","authors":"Yu-Ting Wei, Li Li, Wen-Ting Xie, Yan Wang, Ya-Ru Zhao, Ren-Zhen Zhang, Ling Ma, Xing-Ke Yan","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S601136","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S601136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly prevalent, yet how acupuncture modulates cognitive brain networks remains unclear. We used resting-state <i>f</i>MRI (rs-<i>f</i>MRI) to examine whether acupuncture prescription regulates effective connectivity within the frontoparietal network (FPN) in AD.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Sixty AD patients were randomized to donepezil alone (drug group) or acupuncture plus donepezil (acupuncture group) for 6 weeks (n=30/group). Seven healthy controls were scanned once. Global cognition was assessed with MoCA-B. Independent component analysis identified the FPN, and Granger causality analysis quantified directed effective connectivity before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both interventions improved MoCA-B (<i>P</i><0.05), with larger gains in the acupuncture group (<i>P</i><0.05). Relative to controls, AD showed FPN disruption with compensatory reorganization. Decreased connectivity was observed from the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) to the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and from the left median cingulate/paracingulate gyri (<i>P</i><0.05). Increased connectivity emerged from the right IPL and left cingulate/paracingulate to the left MTG, and from the right IPL to the left medial frontal gyrus (orbital part) (<i>P</i><0.05). The right IPL and left MTG were core FPN nodes. Post-treatment, the drug group showed reduced right IPL→left orbital medial frontal connectivity, whereas the acupuncture group showed reduced right IPL→left MTG connectivity (<i>P</i><0.05). Between-group comparisons indicated acupuncture-specific modulation of right insula→left MTG and left precuneus→left MTG connectivity (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Acupuncture combined with donepezil provides superior cognitive benefits and selectively reshapes directed FPN interactions, supporting a network-level mechanism involving frontal-parietal-temporal integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"601136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13274761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148278149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupuncture for Early Parkinson's Motor Symptoms: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol.","authors":"Jiewen Zhang, Yici Xie, Weixin Huang, Junshang Wu, Lubao Feng, Hongtao Li, Xinyan Jia, Xie Zhang, Xiaorong Tang, Fangfei Yu, Zhengni Dong, Shaoyang Cui, Wenhao Liu, Xiaodong Zhu, Zining Guo, Nenggui Xu, Lin Wang","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S608205","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S608205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmacological treatment of motor disorders in early Parkinson (PD) has reached a bottleneck, and acupuncture as an important component of non-pharmacological therapy has demonstrated therapeutic potential. However, current evidence is limited in both quantity and quality, highlighting the need for further clarification of its efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multi-center, investigator and participant blinded, randomized parallel group design was employed. 136 eligible participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the acupuncture or sham acupuncture group via a central randomization system, received 12 sessions over 4 weeks. The primary outcome was motor function, assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III (UPDRS-III). Secondary outcomes were objective gait metrics captured with the Ready system, disease stage assessed by the Hoehn and Yahr scale (HY), and quality of life measured by the Activities of Daily Living scale (ADL) and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ 39). Levodopa dosage was recorded before and after treatment. Assessments were conducted at four time points (weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4), with 8 weeks follow up. Blood samples were collected before and after treatment for LC-MS/MS untargeted metabolomics and deep proteomics analysis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study will aim to clarify the efficacy of acupuncture for early PD motor symptoms through an evidence-based randomized controlled trial (RCT), and explore the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture using multi-omics approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"608205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Naive Hair Follicle Stem Cells in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Neuroprotection and Neurogenesis.","authors":"Lina Liu, Dan Yang, Jin Fu","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S601127","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S601127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As a highly prevalent neurological condition, Alzheimer's disease (AD) imposes considerable economic pressure on global societies. Its core pathological feature is progressive degeneration within the central nervous system (CNS), a feature which establishes it as the leading trigger for dementia worldwide. Currently available therapies for AD are largely palliative and lack restorative efficacy. While stem cell transplantation holds promise for brain regeneration, the shortage of transplantable neural stem cells and ethical constraints remains a significant limitation. Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are easily accessible, proliferative, low immunogenicity, and free of ethical concerns, making them an ideal candidate for neurodegenerative disease therapy. However, the application of naive, unmodified HFSCs in AD therapy has not been thoroughly explored. In contrast to our previous study using NGF-modified HFSCs, the present study used unmodified naive HFSCs to systematically evaluate their therapeutic effects in AD rats, focusing on neurogenesis, synaptic protection, and microglial polarization. Therefore, the present assessment sought a more complete understanding of HFSCs' intrinsic therapeutic potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We induced AD in rats via intrahippocampal injection of Aβ₁ _-4 ₂. Fourteen days post-modeling, HFSCs were stereotaxically transplanted into the hippocampal region of AD rats. Learning and memory were assessed using the Morris water maze test, and neuronal damage was evaluated by Nissl staining. Synaptic protein levels were measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The same staining approach was used to assess hippocampal neurogenesis and quantify Iba-1‑positive microglia. Moreover, qPCR was performed to measure mRNA levels of key pro‑inflammatory and anti‑inflammatory factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HFSCs transplantation not only markedly upregulated the synaptic proteins SYP and PSD-95, but also promoted neurogenesis and alleviated microglial overactivation in the AD rat hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HFSCs represent a highly promising therapeutic strategy for AD. When delivered via transplantation, these cells protect against synaptic and neuronal injury, boost hippocampal neurogenesis, and prevent abnormal overactivation of microglia in the cerebral tissues of AD model rats. Together, these results offer comprehensive preclinical proof of the intrinsic therapeutic potential of unmodified HFSCs, distinguishing it from previous studies using genetically modified cells and laying a solid foundation for future clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"601127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Prediction Model for Postoperative Delirium.","authors":"Laixi Li, Ningning Qiao, Xiaojuan Yang, Xiaohui Yang","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S592611","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S592611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common and serious postoperative complication. Early identification of high-risk patients could facilitate targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a machine learning-based prediction model for POD using a multicenter retrospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data from 3000 surgical patients, divided into training (n=1400), internal testing (n=600), and external validation (n=1000) cohorts. Eight machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), LightGBM (LGBM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), and Naive Bayes (NB), were systematically compared. The optimal model was selected based on Area Under the Curve (AUC), and interpretation was facilitated through SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. Model calibration was assessed using Brier scores, and discrimination was evaluated through both internal and independent external validation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Random Forest model demonstrated superior performance (training AUC: 0.913; internal testing AUC: 0.846; external validation AUC: 0.823; Brier score: 0.079), consistently identifying six key predictors: Chinese Mini Mental Status (CMMS) score, Prognostic Nutritional Index, ASA classification, age, dementia, and ICU admission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This comprehensively validated machine learning framework, supported by rigorous multi-institutional validation and systematic algorithm benchmarking, provides an interpretable tool for risk stratification of POD. The identification of nutritional status as a leading predictor highlights previously underutilized targets for perioperative intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"592611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13264316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol Cues Elicit Differences in Brain Activation Patterns of Abstinent Men and Women with Alcohol Use Disorders.","authors":"Kayle S Sawyer, Marlene Oscar-Berman, Susan Mosher Ruiz, Ksenija Marinkovic, Mary M Valmas, Gordon J Harris","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S551536","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S551536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral abnormalities have been associated with alcohol use disorders (AUD). Because of their reward salience, photographs of alcoholic beverages can influence brain activation in individuals with AUD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We employed fMRI to measure gender differences in brain activation elicited by alcohol cues in 84 men and women with and without a history of alcohol use disorders (ALC and NC, respectively). Brain activity was measured during performance on a delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) working memory task; emotional faces served as the sample and match cues. During the delay period, intervening distractors were either reward-salient cues (alcoholic beverages) or neutral cues (nonalcoholic beverages or scrambled pictures).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Region of interest analyses showed that the ALC group had significantly higher levels of activation throughout reward-related circuitry during alcohol distractor interference than during scrambled picture interference. Significant Group-by-Gender interactions were also observed: Compared to NC men (NCm), ALC men (ALCm) evidenced lower activation contrast between reward-salient cues and neutral cues in <i>default mode network</i> regions (including superior prefrontal and precuneus areas), while ALC women (ALCw) had more activation than NC women (NCw). Similar significant interactions were observed for <i>task-regions</i> (including superior parietal, lateral occipital, and prefrontal areas). Additionally, ALCw had higher DMTS accuracy scores than ALCm.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings suggest that abstinent ALCm and ALCw differ in processing reward-salient cues, which can impact treatment and recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"551536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13263174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echinocystic Acid Antagonizes Post-Stroke Depression in Mice by Suppressing the JNK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Dandan Wang, Wei Li, Xuan Zhang, Kaiqi Zhu, Yuzhen Wang, Yaozhuo Cai, Hao Chen, Xueli Cai, Jingping Sun","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S596008","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S596008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-stroke depression (PSD), a common neuropsychiatric complication after stroke, affects approximately one-third of stroke survivors and severely impairs recovery and quality of life. Echinocystic acid (EA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid from various medicinal herbs, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant properties. However, whether EA exerts neuroprotective and antidepressant effects in PSD remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to determine whether EA alleviates PSD and to explore its potential mechanisms involving the JNK/NF-κB pathway and inflammatory cytokines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PSD was modeled using middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Following MCAO/R surgery, animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of EA or EA combined with the JNK agonist anisomycin (AN) for 28 consecutive days. The expression of phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) and phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB) was analyzed by Western blotting. The levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Depressive-like behaviors and the therapeutic efficacy of EA were assessed through a series of behavioral tests. Furthermore, neuronal necrosis and Nissl body integrity were observed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Nissl staining, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EA treatment significantly downregulated the expression of p-JNK, p-NF-κB, and inflammatory cytokines. H&E staining revealed that EA reduced neuronal necrosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Consistently, Nissl staining demonstrated that EA increased the number of Nissl bodies in the same region. Furthermore, EA administration alleviated depressive-like behaviors in PSD mice. However, the administration of AN counteracted the suppressive effects of EA on the JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway and reversed the beneficial behavioral outcomes associated with EA treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that EA mitigates neuronal necrosis, alleviates depression-like behaviors, and alleviates PSD by suppressing JNK/NF-κB pathway activation and inflammatory cytokine production.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"596008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}