Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment最新文献

{"title":"Psychomotor Rehabilitation for Pediatric Delirium: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Efficacy and Brain Electrophysiological Mechanisms.","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Yu-Qian Ren, Yi-Jun Shan, Yi-Ping Zhou, Jia-Ying Dou, Ye Lu, Yun Cui, Li-Juan Ao","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S595008","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S595008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pediatric delirium is a serious complication in critically ill children with limited effective treatments. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Psychomotor Therapy (PMT)-a comprehensive rehabilitation system integrating motor, cognitive, emotional, and psychological domains-in treating pediatric delirium, and to characterize its underlying mechanisms through electroencephalographic (EEG) and brain network analyses.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This is a single-center, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial. A total of 34 participants (22 children with delirium aged 2 months to 14 years, meeting Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale [RASS] and Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium [CAPD] criteria, plus 6 children without any neurological disorders, managed within the same clinical environment) will be enrolled. Participants will be randomized to receive either PMT plus routine care or routine care alone. The PMT intervention will be administered once daily for 3 days. Primary outcome is the change in CAPD score. Secondary outcomes include delirium duration, EEG parameters, length of PICU stay, and safety. Assessments will be conducted at multiple time points before and after intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This is a study protocol; as data collection is currently ongoing (January 2023-July 2026), final results are not yet available for analysis or reporting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study has been approved by the ethics boards of Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital and Shanghai Children's Hospital and will adhere to the Declaration of Helsinki. Findings will be disseminated via scientific conferences and publications. Key strengths include the first investigation of brain functional networks in pediatric delirium, incorporation of an environmental control group to mitigate confounding, and pioneering application of PMT. Limitations include single-center design and geographical restriction to Shanghai, necessitating future multi-center studies with larger samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"595008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13178487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147963821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Electroencephalographic Biomarkers as Predictors of Post-Stroke Cognitive Outcomes in Patients with Cerebral Infarction: Literature Review.","authors":"Di Pu, Yan Xiong","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S566481","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S566481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke) is a leading cause of long-term disability. It is often associated with cognitive impairment that has a significant impact on quality of life. Predicting biomarkers is necessary, and electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers have emerged as promising tools to predict cognitive outcomes in these patients. To conduct this literature review, a comprehensive search was performed in different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar from inception to 2025, focusing on biomarkers and the role of ECG in predicting cognitive outcomes. In addition, recent clinical trials were also reviewed and assessed for the role of biomarkers in predicting cognitive outcomes. This literature review suggests that specific EEG abnormalities, including generalized slowing or altered power in alpha, delta, beta, gamma, and theta bands, as well as disrupted functional connectivity, consistently correlate with deficits in memory, attention, and executive functioning. In addition, the ability to assess the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation interventions has also been demonstrated. It provides non-invasive, cost-effective, and accessible insights into brain function and event-related ability to assess cognitive prognosis after stroke. EEG biomarkers can be used as a predictor for cognitive impairments in patients with cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke).</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"566481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147963771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Benefit and Risk Profile of TV-46000 for Patients with Schizophrenia as Assessed by Number Needed to Treat and Number Needed to Harm.","authors":"Leslie Citrome, Kelli R Franzenburg, Mark Suett, Orna Tohami, Nir Sharon, Ayellet Jehassi, Eran Harary, Daisy Yu, Christoph U Correll","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S534730","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S534730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are underused, despite advantages in terms of patient outcomes. The Phase 3 RIsperidone Subcutaneous Extended-release (RISE) study evaluated the efficacy and safety of TV-46000, a subcutaneously administered long-acting formulation of risperidone, administered monthly (q1m) and once every 2 months (q2m), in patients with schizophrenia. During the relapse-prevention phase, TV-46000 significantly prolonged time to impending relapse versus placebo, with a safety profile comparable to other risperidone formulations. This post hoc study examined the number needed to treat (NNT) and the number needed to harm (NNH) using RISE data.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>NNT estimates versus placebo were calculated for patients who were free of impending relapse (ie, worsening symptom scores, psychiatric hospitalization, aggressive/violent behavior, suicidality), maintained stability, and achieved remission as well as all-cause discontinuation (an acceptability proxy). NNH estimates were calculated for safety and tolerability outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TV-46000 NNT estimates (95% CI) versus placebo were 5 (4-7) for q1m and 7 (5-13) for q2m for avoidance of impending relapse, and 4 (3-6) and 6 (4-11) for maintenance of stability. Remission rates ranged from 16.6-23.5% and did not differ between TV-46000 and placebo (TV-46000 NNT estimates: q1m, 22; q2m, 15). For all groups, adverse event (AE)-related discontinuation rates were low (1.7-3.9%), and NNH estimates for TV-46000 q1m and q2m versus placebo were 190 and 45, respectively, and not statistically significant. For AEs common to many second-generation antipsychotics (eg, akathisia, restlessness, somnolence, sedation) and ≥7% weight increase from baseline, NNH estimates for TV-46000 versus placebo were ≥10 and not statistically significant, indicating favorable safety and tolerability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Robust, single-digit NNT estimates for avoiding impending relapse and maintaining symptomatic stability support TV-46000 q1m and q2m efficacy, and high NNH estimates for safety and tolerability endpoints suggest TV-46000 is well tolerated regardless of dosing frequency. These findings provide clinically intuitive data supporting a favorable benefit-risk profile of TV-46000 for relapse prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"534730"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13165495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Neurobiological Mechanisms of Acupuncture in Post-Stroke Depression: Multi-Target and Network-Based Regulation.","authors":"Jing Cao, Yangyang Xu, Huifang Mao, Jianbei Chen, Deguang Ding, Xinyin Xu","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S596862","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S596862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common post-stroke complication with limited treatment options and significant adverse effects from conventional drugs. Acupuncture, a multi-target holistic non-pharmacological intervention, shows unique clinical advantages. This review provides the first systematic synthesis of the central neurobiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture's therapeutic effects on PSD. The identified mechanisms include promoting neuroplasticity via the BDNF/TrkB pathway and rebalancing neurotransmitter systems (monoamines and glutamate/GABA). Additionally, acupuncture inhibits microglial activation and TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3-driven neuroinflammation, restores mitochondrial homeostasis through AMPK-dependent autophagy, and modulates the gut microbiota-brain axis. Together, these findings elucidate the \"multi-target, network-based\" characteristics of acupuncture from a modern scientific perspective, providing a scientific basis for traditional Chinese acupuncture principles. By integrating recent mechanistic advances, this review addresses literature gaps and offers a theoretical foundation for optimizing clinical strategies, promoting mechanism-driven personalized interventions, and bridging traditional Chinese medicine with contemporary neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"596862"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Escitalopram for Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Age-Specific Findings.","authors":"Benchalak Maneeton, Narong Maneeton, Pichaya Pojanapotha, Suwannee Putthisri, Awirut Oon-Arom, Nuntaporn Karawekpanyawong, Suttipong Kawilapat, Prapinpatch Maneeton, Kamolrawee Srichan","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S595606","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S595606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy, acceptability, and safety of escitalopram for pediatric major depressive disorder (MDD) through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Scopus (January 2001- October 2025) for randomized controlled trials comparing escitalopram with placebo in children and adolescents (ages 6-17) with MDD. The primary outcome was the change in the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). Secondary outcomes included Clinical Global Impressions scores, response rates, and discontinuation rates. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane tools. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed; certainty was evaluated using GRADE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three RCTs (664 participants) were identified: two acute trials (Wagner 2006, n=268; Emslie 2009, n=316) and one continuation trial (Saito 2023, n=80). Meta-analysis of acute trials included 572 participants (completion rates 81-82%). Escitalopram demonstrated small and borderline statistically significant improvements versus placebo: CDRS-R (weighted mean difference [WMD]=-2.46, 95% CI: -4.83 to -0.09, I²=0%; low certainty); CGI-Severity (WMD=-0.35, 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.12); CGAS (WMD=2.56, 95% CI: 0.37 to 4.75); non-response rates (relative risk=0.84, 95% CI: 0.72 to 0.98; number needed to treat=11). Overall discontinuation (RR=1.37, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.93) and discontinuation due to adverse events (RR=1.88, 95% CI: 0.44 to 8.03) did not differ significantly (low to very low certainty). Continuation treatment did not significantly prevent relapse (p=0.051).</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Universal industry sponsorship, high placebo response (52-53% by CGI-I ≤2 in original publications), mixed trial results, limited evidence for children ages 6-11, and lack of independent replication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Escitalopram demonstrates small and borderline statistically significant efficacy for adolescent MDD (aged 12-17 years). Short-term tolerability is acceptable; however, no definitive conclusion on long-term safety can be drawn, and evidence is insufficient to support use in children aged 6-11 years. It may be considered when fluoxetine is unsuitable, combined with psychosocial interventions and close monitoring. Further independent studies are needed.</p><p><strong>Registration: </strong>PROSPERO CRD42019141268.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"595606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13157702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147875222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Blood Regulatory T Cells and IL-6 are Associated with Cognitive Impairment After Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Yueyue Chang, Xuke Zhang, Chuanqing Yu, Lei Zhu, Shiyu Sun, Zhongwu Sun","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S590109","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S590109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Objective: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and interleukin (IL)-6 are known to be involved in the progression of cognitive impairment but the association with post-stroke cognitive impairment remains little studied. Levels of Tregs and IL-6 in peripheral blood serum of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were investigated to assess the association with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 256 AIS patients were enrolled with 19 lost to follow-up after six months. Participants were divided into those without post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSNCI, n=129) and those with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI, n=108). PSCI patients were subdivided into those with post-stroke cognitive impairment, no dementia (PSCIND, n=87) and those with post-stroke dementia (PSD, n=21). The percentage of peripheral blood CD4+ CD25+ CD127 (low) regulatory T cells (Tregs%) out of total CD4+ lymphocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry. IL-6 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) Increased percentages of peripheral blood Tregs and IL-6 levels were found in PSCI, PSCIND and PSD patients relative to PSNCI and differences were particularly significant for PSCI and PSD groups. (2) Logistic regression analysis was performed after controlling for these risk factors and Tregs% (OR=1.122, 95% CI: 1.006-1.251, p=0.038) identified as an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment after AIS. ROC analysis gave an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.763 (95% CI: 0.653-0.873) for the combination of Tregs% and IL-6 levels in predicting cognitive impairment after AIS.(3) IL-6 level (OR=1.307, 95% CI: 1.058-1.614, p=0.013) was found to be an independent risk factor for dementia after AIS with an AUC of 0.805 (95% CI: 0.681-0.929).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated peripheral Tregs% and IL-6 levels are risk factors for cognitive impairment after AIS. Their combined predictive power is greater than individual predictive power, exposing new therapeutic targets for post-stroke cognitive impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"590109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13142730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Identification and Management of Depression in Neurological Diseases: A Narrative Review and Expert Perspective.","authors":"Lucie Bartova, Mara Lisa Beuster, Bruno Bonetti, Giuseppe Maina, Pedro Morgado, Johan Nyberg","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S575685","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S575685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comprehensive brain health is increasingly being recognized as critically important worldwide and incorporates elements of neurological and psychiatric health. This evolution in the view of cerebral wellbeing considers the many factors that can affect brain health and the interconnectedness of conditions affecting this organ. Such interplay between neurological and depressive diseases is highlighted by observations that these conditions share underlying pathophysiology and frequently co-occur in the same patient. A review of the literature on depression in post-stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and migraine, confirmed the high prevalence of depression in patients with neurological diseases, with approximately one third of patients with neurological diseases having depression. The search results also highlighted the importance of early detection of depression, and that appropriate treatment may substantially improve outcomes of both the depression and the neurological disease. However, there was a disparity in the amount of literature on depression in the different neurological diseases, with only three of the 80 retrieved articles discussing migraine and depression. Information on multidisciplinary care was also limited. Unmet needs with respect to management of depression in patients with neurological diseases include effective screening processes that can differentiate between overlapping symptoms. There is also a lack of clear, evidence-based treatment guidelines. Based on our clinical experience, we provide recommendations for best practice management of depression in patients with neurological diseases, including structured patient interviews to aid with diagnosis of depression, involvement of patient families and friends where relevant, multidisciplinary care that incorporates personalized treatment based on the specific symptoms, co-medications and needs of the patient, and continued follow up and monitoring. Antidepressant options are available with different mechanisms of action and adverse event profiles. Overall, evidence indicates that depression in neurological disorders is underdiagnosed and undertreated. We suggest that structured screening and tailored, multidisciplinary care can improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"575685"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13142263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin Resistance Across Cerebrovascular and Related Disorders: Mechanisms, Measurement, Genetics, and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Kai Chen, Yiqing Nong, Ying Liu, Ziming Ye","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S575306","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S575306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin resistance (IR) Insulin resistance (IR) is a central metabolic disturbance implicated in a broad range of cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Increasing evidence suggests that IR plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD) and contributes to neurodegeneration through shared molecular and vascular mechanisms. In the brain and its vasculature, impaired insulin signaling-particularly involving the IRS-PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β axis-interacts with inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and neurovascular unit impairment, thereby linking CeVD with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral small-vessel disease. Advances in the assessment of IR, ranging from traditional indices such as HOMA-IR to surrogate markers including the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and METS-IR, have enabled large-scale population studies and improved risk stratification for cardiometabolic disorders, with emerging relevance to cerebrovascular and cognitive outcomes. In parallel, genetic and Mendelian randomization studies support a causal contribution of IR-related traits to hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stroke risk, highlighting shared susceptibility pathways across metabolic and neurological phenotypes. This review synthesizes current evidence on the mechanisms, measurement, genetic architecture, and clinical implications of IR across cerebrovascular and related disorders. By integrating mechanistic insights with epidemiological and translational data, we propose IR as a tractable, cross-cutting therapeutic target. Future priorities include standardizing IR assessment, validating brain-relevant biomarkers, and linking mechanistic pathways to longitudinal cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative outcomes to advance precision prevention and individualized care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"575306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Frontotemporal Atrophy and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Schizophrenia Based on Computed Tomography Imaging.","authors":"Yueling Wang, Juntao Yang, Ying Ye, Lihua Lu, Haolei Wang, Peipei Guo, Na Hou, Xiaohan Huang, Cairui Li","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S602462","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S602462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) exhibit frontotemporal atrophy accompanied by cognitive impairment. However, the relationship between CT-derived structural changes and cognitive deficits remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the association between frontotemporal atrophy and cognitive performance using routine cranial CT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional case-control study included 120 patients with SZ and 100 healthy controls. Bifrontal ratio (BFR), frontal horn width (FHW), mean temporal horn width (THW_mean), sylvian fissure width (SFW), and frontotemporal atrophy index (FTAI) were measured. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Trail Making Test (TMT). Group comparisons, Spearman correlation, and multivariable regression analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with SZ showed significantly increased atrophy indices and reduced cognitive performance. FTAI was negatively associated with global cognition, executive function, and attention. In multivariable models, FTAI remained significantly associated with cognitive outcomes and contributed to improved model fit (ΔR² = 0.319).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CT-derived frontotemporal atrophy was significantly associated with cognitive impairment in SZ. These findings suggest that CT-based structural measures may provide a clinically accessible approach for characterizing brain changes related to cognitive dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"602462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep-Related Problems and Problematic Smartphone Use in Young Adult Males: Findings from a Short-Term Behavioral Restriction Study.","authors":"Özge Özen Gökmuharremoğlu, Aysel Çoban Taşkın","doi":"10.2147/NDT.S597802","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NDT.S597802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Problematic smartphone use is a prevalent behavioral issue in the digital age and is frequently associated with sleep disturbances. However, evidence on how different sleep domains respond to short-term behavioral restriction under natural conditions remains limited. This study aimed to examine smartphone use patterns in young adult males, evaluate their relationship with problematic smartphone use risk, and assess changes in sleep-related outcomes following short-term, institutionally mandated smartphone restriction.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This prospective pre-post observational study was conducted at a male police college during a 10-day institution-mandated smartphone restriction. Participants (n = 254) were classified into low-risk and high-risk problematic smartphone use groups based on the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). Sleep quality, sleep hygiene, insomnia severity, and daytime sleepiness were measured before and after the restriction period. Associations between smartphone use characteristics (daily duration, timing of use, and usage purposes) and sleep outcomes were examined using group comparisons and multivariate analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, individuals classified as high-risk reported longer overall smartphone use, particularly during evening hours, together with poorer sleep hygiene, lower perceived sleep quality, and greater daytime sleepiness. After the restriction period, improvements were mainly observed in behaviorally related sleep measures, including sleep hygiene and subjective sleep quality. In contrast, insomnia severity and daytime sleepiness showed limited change and did not demonstrate a significant group-by-time interaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that intensive evening smartphone use may be associated with sleep difficulties that are largely behaviorally mediated. Improvements in sleep-related behaviors accompanied short-term reductions in device exposure, whereas sleep parameters linked to more stable physiological regulation appeared less responsive over this brief interval. Addressing the timing and intensity of smartphone use is a relevant behavioral target in strategies to improve sleep health in young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19378,"journal":{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment","volume":"22 ","pages":"597802"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147840972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}