Notulae Scientia Biologicae最新文献

{"title":"UV-mediated enhancement of antibacterial secondary metabolites in endophytic Lasiodiplodia theobromae","authors":"D. Nwobodo, M. Ugwu, Peter M Eze, U. Okezie, F. Okoye, C. Esimone","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411284","url":null,"abstract":"In the science of drug discovery, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been applied to induce mutagenesis in fungi to provide possibilities for the stimulation or enhancement of fungal biosynthetic capabilities. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of UV radiation on the biosynthesis of antibacterial secondary metabolites in an endophytic Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Using standard methods, the fungus was isolated from healthy leaves of Cola acuminata and identified based on PCR amplification and genomic sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Cultures of L. theobromae were exposed to UV radiation at different time intervals of 1, 2 and 5 min. The fungus was subjected to solid-state fermentation in rice medium before and after UV treatments. The fungal secondary metabolites were extracted and tested for antibacterial activity using the agar diffusion method. Compounds present in the obtained extracts were identified by HPLC and GC-MS analysis. At a concentration of 1 mg/ml, the extract of the wild type L. theobromae (untreated) was observed to only inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, with an IZD of 12 mm. However, the extract of UV-treated L. theobromae (2 min) inhibited S. aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with an IZD of 10 and 4 mm respectively. A wide array of compounds in the phenolics, fatty acids, alkaloids and alkanes classes were identified in the UV-treated and untreated fungal extracts. Overall, UV treatments of L. theobromae stimulated the production of seventeen (17) new compounds that were not detected in the untreated strain. The study confirms UV irradiation as an effective method for stimulating microbial biosynthesis of new bioactive compounds, indicating a promising and potentially abundant source of new drug compounds from microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43304355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and cultural characterization of two Fusarium isolates causing wheat fusarium head blight in Algeria","authors":"S. Hadjout, Mohamed Zouidi","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411318","url":null,"abstract":"In Algeria, fusarium head blight is a serious fungal disease of wheat caused by Fusarium genus. The study of the epidemiological cycle of the disease in the field is always hampered by a major problem which is the identification of the parasitic complex of Fusarium species. These species can only be identified after Petri dish culture and observation of a set of morphological criteria such as color, cultural aspect of colonies, growth rate of mycelium and the form of isolate macroconidia. To this end, the objective of this present study is to identify two Fusarium isolates based on a set of morphological and cultural criteria mentioned above. The results obtained for all the morphological characters studied show phenotypic variability between the two isolates. Based on these results, we were able to characterize these two isolates as F. graminearum and F. culmorum. Indeed, morphological and cultural characterization, although important, remains insufficient. It should therefore be further investigated by molecular characterization, in order to highlight any differences between the two isolates studied.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44855441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of plants in the traditional treatment of diabetes patients: survey in southern Morocco","authors":"Rachida El Boullani, M. Barkaoui, K. Lagram, Aissam El Finti, N. Kamel, A. El Mousadik, M. Serghini, F. Msanda","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411322","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in public healthcare establishments in Guelmim city in south of Morocco to report medicinal plants used in folk medicine to treat diabetes. Three hundred sixty-two informants were interviewed through semi structured interviews. The inventory includes scientific, popular and common names of the plants, used parts and method of preparation. The survey shows that 24.6% of the patients use these plants. Twenty-seven medicinal plants belonging to seventeen families were inventoried and three species were cited for the first time in the treatment of diabetes in Morocco. Olea europea L., Artemisia herba-alba Asso and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. are the most plant species used to treat diabetes, and the two most cited families are Lamiaceae (5 species) and Apiaceae (4 species). Leaves represented the most utilized part of plants and decoction was the most cited mode of preparation of drugs. The present study highlights the wide variety of herbal remedies used to treat diabetes and the frequency of this use in diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45278018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth rate, haematology and serum biochemistry of broilers fed diets supplemented with choline chloride","authors":"P. C. Ugwu, C. N. Uju, C. Aronu, Anne Morgan, Glory Sunday, Chinenye Ahamefula, Obinna Idigoh, C. Ezema","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411324","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluated the effect of choline chloride (CC) supplementation on growth rate, haematology and serum biochemistry of broilers. 120-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into four groups of 30 birds each and these were further sub-divided into 3 replicates of 10 birds each. Group A served as the control while the diets of groups B, C and D were supplemented with 0.5 g/kg, 0.75 g/kg and 1 g/kg of CC respectively. 6weeks post-supplementation, haematology, serum biochemistry, total weight gain, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were determined. Group C (0.75 g/kg choline) had a significantly (p<0.05) higher feed efficiency (49.18%) than other choline-supplemented groups and control. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the mean values of AST, ALT, total protein and creatinine across all groups. However, the ALP and cholesterol values of group D (4.42 U/L and 1.68 mg/dl respectively) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than other groups. Lymphocyte counts of Group D was significantly (p<0.05) lower than all other groups. The spleen weight (0.27 g) of group D was significantly (p<0.05) higher than all other groups, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the relative weights of other organs of all four groups. The values of the breast weight/width, drumstick length/width, wing length and carcass length did not vary significantly across the supplemented-groups, but the breast-length, thigh weight/length/width, drumstick-weight, wing weight/width and carcass-weight of the control group were significantly higher than the supplemented-groups. Choline chloride supplementation at 0.75 g/kg may have contributed to improved feed efficiency but not with a corresponding excellent carcass yield.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42091062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric and kinetic modeling, chemical composition, and comparative analyses of Algerian Mentha pulegium L. essential oil extracted from flowers and leaves by hydrodistillation","authors":"Fatma Bouazza, Dehbiya Gherdaoui, Yamina Ben Miri, Baya Berka-Zougali, A. Hassani","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411292","url":null,"abstract":"Mentha pulegium L. is a plant with numerous health benefits that is utilized in traditional Algerian medicine. The objective of the current study was to analyze the chemical compositions of the essential oils produced by the M. pulegium flower and leaf parts after identifying the best hydrodistillation operating parameters and modeling the kinetic extraction. According to parametric tests, first order extraction kinetics result in yields of 1.7±0.06% (w/w) for leaves through 60 minutes and 4.00±0.10% (w/w) for flowers through 30 minutes. Five compounds were found in flowers, whereas 16 compounds were found in leaves. For leaves, a total of 15 constituents accounting for 100% of the oil were found; for flowers, a total of 5 constituents accounting for 100% of the oil were found. Predominance of oxygenated monoterpenes, such as pulegone (53.09%), menthol (12.53%), and neoisopulegol (5.7%) was determined in leaves, respectively pulegone (83.40%), isopulegylacetate (7.98%), and menthol (3.63%) in flowers. The results indicate that the experimental conditions used provided good yields in the extraction of essential oils, particularly from mint blossoms via hydrodistillation. As a result, there are options for lowering the time and energy required for mint oil extraction while still producing a high-quality product.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44465561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GA3 mediated enhanced transcriptional rate and mRNA stability of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase 1 (NtHMGR1) in Nicotiana tabacum L.","authors":"R. Manoharlal, Lucky Duhan, R. Pasrija, Saiprasad V. S. Gandra","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411317","url":null,"abstract":"Our present study evaluated the underlying molecular-mechanism(s) associated with the observed enhanced transcript levels and concomitant functional activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase 1 (NtHMGR1), a rate-limiting enzyme of cytosolic mevalonate (MVA) pathway of terpenoids biosynthesis, by gibberellin A3 (GA3) treatment in model cultivated tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L. Based on the transcription run-on and cordycepin chase assays, our results demonstrated that tobacco seeds-priming with GA3 causes a relative and significantly enhanced transcriptional rate and mRNA stability of NtHMGR1. Taken together, our study established that GA3 mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory control as one of the mechanisms for the observed enhanced transcript-levels and consequently enhanced functional activity of NtHMGR1.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45168774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon alleviates PEG-induced osmotic stress in finger millet by regulating membrane damage, osmolytes, and antioxidant defense","authors":"P. Mundada, Mitali M. Sonawane, Sumaiya S. Shaikh, V. Barvkar, S. Anil Kumar, Suraj D. Umdale, P. Suprasanna, R. Barmukh, T. Nikam, M. L. Ahire","doi":"10.55779/nsb14411097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14411097","url":null,"abstract":"Drought restricts plant growth and productivity. Silicon has beneficial effects on imparting drought tolerance in plants. Present work was intended to evaluate the effect of Si on polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG) induced osmotic stress in local landraces of finger millet. The seeds of stress-tolerant and stress-sensitive landraces of finger millet were treated with distilled water, 15% PEG, and PEG+Si (5-25 ppm). The ameliorative effect of Si was evaluated in terms of percentage seed germination, seedling growth, accumulation of osmolyte and activity of antioxidative enzymes. PEG-induced osmotic stress reduced seed germination, seedling growth, and augmented osmolyte accumulation. It also elevated the levels of antioxidant enzymes. The exogenous supplementation of silicon significantly improved seed germination as well as early seeding growth. Positive effects of Si were reflected in decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and improved glycine betaine content and antioxidant enzymes in PEG-induced stress tolerant as well as susceptible landraces. The Si-induced ameliorated effects on all the parameters studied were more pronounced in the stress-tolerant landrace (FM/ST/01) than the stress-sensitive landrace (FM/RT/01). These results clearly indicate advantageous effects of Si in relieving PEG-induced stress during seed germination and early seeding growth and suggest a possibility of better stand establishment by application of silicon containing fertilizer during seed sowing.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49497304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction pages, Notulae Scientia Biologicae 14(3), 2022","authors":"Radu E. Sestras","doi":"10.55779/nsb14311358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14311358","url":null,"abstract":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae (http://www.notulaebiologicae.ro), Issue 3, Volume 14, 2022: The papers published in this issue represent interesting novelties in different topics of life science. Among the exciting research or reviews, we invite readers to find news about: Micropropagation and potential of bioactive compounds of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for nutrition and health; Anatomical, physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of Eucalyptus spp. under water deficit conditions and characteristics of Tunisian arid species; Escherichia coli infection, a negative prognostic factor on the evolution of patients with surgical diseases; Biological characteristics and mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19; The influence of Staphylococcus infections on the evolution of hospitalized patients: The experience of the surgical department of IRGH Cluj-Napoca; Parquetina nigrescens leaf infusion: a food-based approach for the management of diet-induced iron deficiency in weanling rats; Evaluation of the effects of calabash chalk on the haematological profile of Wistar rats; Inhibitory potential of rutin on lipopolysaccharide-induced toxicity and inflammatory response of raw U937 cells and macrophages; Hypoglycemic and in vitro antioxidant activities of Stereospermum kunthianum stem bark hydromethanol extract; Polyploidization and speciation: patterns of natural hybridization and gene flow in basil (Ocimum spp.); Increasing liana biomass and carbon stocks in tropical dry evergreen forests of southern India.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43296397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Escherichia coli infection, a negative prognostic factor on the evolution of patients with surgical diseases","authors":"C. Crisan, S. Pandrea, M. Tompa, T. Mocan, Aida Puia, L. Mocan","doi":"10.55779/nsb14311344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14311344","url":null,"abstract":"The bacterium Escherichia coli, one of the most studied bacteria in the world, with the greatest epidemiological impact, includes both commensal and pathogenic strains, with a genome that can be extremely varied both in size and genetic content, and it also can produce numerous diseases with specific symptoms. The vast majority of these strains can cause severe gastrointestinal diseases, hemolytic uremic syndrome, hemorrhagic colitis, renal failure and even death. Hemolytic uremic syndrome can be a consequence of the presence of Escherichia coli infection in gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, uremia in patients with and without the declared renal comorbidity, was negatively correlated with the response to antibiotic treatment. The increase of uremia above 92 mg/dl increases the risk of death. The highest risk categories include people with kidney disease like comorbidities starting with admission in surgical and intensive care wards in IRGH Cluj-Napoca, having as main diagnosis of hospitalization surgical digestive diseases. The occurrence of Coli pathogen infection was associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in patients included in the study. In these patients, it was noticed the need to introduce therapy with increasingly complex antibiotic formulas, which lead to an increase in the duration and cost of hospitalization. In the studied group, due to E coli infection at admission, uremia had an average value of 23.99mg/dl +/-8.987(SD) in the case of patients without kidney disease, the number of patients with normal uremia values ​​was lower than that of those with increased values ​​of uremia. In the case of patients with confirmed kidney disease, uremia had mean values ​​of 65.76 mg/dl +/-52.41(SD). At discharge, both in the case of patients with renal disease and in the case of those without confirmed renal disease, the number of patients with normal values ​​of uremia was higher than those with pathological values, this proportion being reversed in the case of deceased patients where the number of patients with values pathological urea levels were significantly higher than those with normal values, proving kidney damage.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46508349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological characteristics and mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19","authors":"Nousseiba Abed, Amina Zibouche, Somia Medjoudj, Sorayad Goumeidane, Leila Rouabah","doi":"10.55779/nsb14311276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14311276","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to determine the biological characteristics of diabetic patients who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 and to estimate the risk of death in these patients. The study included 285 COVID-19 individuals whose diagnosis was confirmed by PCR and/or on the basis of typical signs and radiological findings (CT). Patients admitted to the Infectiology Service of Ali Boushaba Public Hospitalier Khenchela, during the year 2020. The data was collected from 1 January to 30 June 2021. The average age of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the enumerated population is 62.53 + 16.65 years. A male predominance was noted, with a sex ratio of men to women in the range of 1,29. Old diabetic patients account for 48.80 % of our sample patient. The PCR was positive in 87% of diabetic cases, the oxygen desaturation was 64.7%, and the pulmonary affliction was important or critical in 28.8% and 18.7%, respectively.  A wide range of biological abnormalities was found in diabetic patients, including high CRP in 95.7% of cases, hyperglycemia in 64%, hyperleucocytose in 26.6% of cases, D-dimer elevation in 56% of cases, and hypoprothrombinemia in 21.6% of cases. A high rate of urea and hypo-creatinemia were found in 36.70% and 12% of patients, respectively. As well as high rates of ASAL and ALAT in 28.80% and 26.60% of patients, respectively.  In diabetics a mortality rate of 22.3% was noted. With the exception of glycemia and ALAT, the differences in percentages of these parameters based on the presence of diabetes are statistically insignificant. Furthermore, the diabetic is unrelated to the clinical outcome of the patients. Due to the high number of infections, biological changes, and deaths among diabetics infected with COVID19, it is necessary to consider good care of care of these patients in order to reduce morbidity and mortality rates.","PeriodicalId":19353,"journal":{"name":"Notulae Scientia Biologicae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43807071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}