{"title":"Detection of snow melt using different algorithms in global scale","authors":"M. Takala, J. Pulliainen","doi":"10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579496","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing the snow melt date is important for hydrology, weather forecasting and climatological modes. Carbon dioxide balance in the atmosphere is related to the growing season and thus snow melt. The snow melt date is also important for other ecological processes as well. Spaceborne radiometers are well suited for global monitoring of environmental parameters because they can cover a large area in a day and the measurements do not depend on sunlight or weather. Four different algorithms to estimate the snow melt date have been tested and a nearly 30 year dataset of snow melt date in Eurasia has been derived using brightness temperatures from SMMR and SSM/I instruments. The results are validated using INTAS SSCONE snow depth data. The results show that the algorithm estimates the snow melt date accurately. Maps of the snow melt area derived.","PeriodicalId":193521,"journal":{"name":"2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128264405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluations of retrieved cloud liquid water from AMSR-E, and impacts on numerical weather prediction","authors":"T. Egawa, M. Kazumori","doi":"10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579457","url":null,"abstract":"Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) uses the observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) in the data assimilation systems for the numerical weather prediction (NWP). In the JMA mesoscale model (MSM), retrievals of total column precipitable water (TCPW) and precipitation (PR) are assimilated. A MSC (Meteorological Satellite Center) algorithm is used to retrieve them. In the global spectral model (GSM), radiances of vertically polarized channels in less-cloudy area are assimilated. But cloud-affected radiances are also used. In our NWP experiments, retrievals of cloud liquid water (CLW) from AMSR-E with the MSC algorithm were used to remove the strongly cloud-affected data and to correct the bias which is derived from the thin cloud. The most significant impact on the forecast experiment was the improvement of the temperature at 850 hPa in the tropics.","PeriodicalId":193521,"journal":{"name":"2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134523117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparing the ESA-SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission - Overview of the user data products and data distribution strategy","authors":"S. Pinori, R. Crapolicchio, S. Mecklenburg","doi":"10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579480","url":null,"abstract":"The ESA Earth Explorer SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission will carry the first polar-orbiting 2-D interferometric radiometer (MIRAS- Microwave Imaging Radiometer using Aperture Synthesis) acquiring data of emitted microwave radiation at the frequency of 1.4 GHz (L-band). The SMOS mission products will provide different data types, each with its own characteristics. SMOS products are classified according to the different levels of processing and each product will contain specific data. The aim of this paper is to highlight the innovative satellite instrument and to present to the scientific user community the content of each product type.","PeriodicalId":193521,"journal":{"name":"2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121701568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Marzano, D. Cimini, M. Montopoli, A. Memmo, R. Ferretti, T. Rossi, M. De Sanctis, M. Lucente, D. Mortari, D. Oricchio, S. Varchetta, P. Pavia, A. Nassisi, M. Balduccini, A. Scorzolini, L. Reboa, P. Tozzi, A. Bruno, F. Greco, G. Perrotta, G. Giuliani, R. Giusto, S. Di Michele
{"title":"FLORAD: Micro-satellite flower constellation of millimeter-wave radiometers for atmospheric remote sensing","authors":"F. Marzano, D. Cimini, M. Montopoli, A. Memmo, R. Ferretti, T. Rossi, M. De Sanctis, M. Lucente, D. Mortari, D. Oricchio, S. Varchetta, P. Pavia, A. Nassisi, M. Balduccini, A. Scorzolini, L. Reboa, P. Tozzi, A. Bruno, F. Greco, G. Perrotta, G. Giuliani, R. Giusto, S. Di Michele","doi":"10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579470","url":null,"abstract":"Requirements and preliminary specifications to design a micro-satellite flower constellation, named FLORAD, of millimeter-wave (MMW) radiometers for atmospheric observations are here introduced. The FLORAD small-mission scientific objectives are aimed at the retrieval of thermo-dynamical and hydrological properties of the atmosphere. Radiometer specifications and inversion algorithms are briefly discussed, pointing out the trade-off between performances and complexity for low-cost low-weight micro-satellite platforms. In order to fulfill the goal of a short revisit time for meteorological monitoring and now casting purposes, a flower constellation (FC) of micro-satellites is proposed due to its design flexibility.","PeriodicalId":193521,"journal":{"name":"2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131543551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combined passive and active microwave retrieval of falling snow during the 2003 Wakasa Bay field experiment","authors":"B. T. Johnson, G. Skofronick-Jackson, G. Petty","doi":"10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579498","url":null,"abstract":"The present research describes a novel snowfall retrieval algorithm using combined radar and radiometer observations of cold-cloud precipitation. The algorithm retrieves a 1-D vertical distribution of precipitation rate, particle size, particle density, and cloud liquid water content using aircraft-or satellite-based co-located dual-wavelength radar and passive microwave radiometer observations. The 2003 Wakasa Bay field experiment over the Sea of Japan provided high-resolution observations of snowfall using aircraft-based instruments compatible with the present technique. The dual-frequency APR-2 radar operated at 13.4 and 35.6 GHz, while the co-located the MIR radiometer made cross-track observed brightness temperatures at 89, 150, 220, 183.3plusmn1, 183.3plusmn3, 183.3plusmn7, 220 and 340 GHz. The techniques described here are being developed with an eye toward the upcoming Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM). Parameterizations based on these retrievals are already being used to identify and communicate the key characteristics of cold-cloud precipitation to the larger remote sensing and climate modeling community.","PeriodicalId":193521,"journal":{"name":"2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123821203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate L-band dielectric constant measurements of seawater","authors":"Roger H. Lang, Y. Tarkocin, C. Utku, D. L. Vine","doi":"10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579507","url":null,"abstract":"A temperature controlled resonant cavity is used to measure the complex dielectric constant of seawater at 30 psu over the temperature range from 10degC to 35degC at 1.413 GHz. The measurements are conducted multiple times to obtain the mean and the standard deviation at each point. This paper describes the experimental procedure and presents recent dielectric constant results. These results are compared with the values obtained using the Klein-Swift model function.","PeriodicalId":193521,"journal":{"name":"2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124698453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observations of attenuation due to liquid-bearing stratocumulus clouds over Ottawa using a ground-based profiling radiometer","authors":"P. Bouchard","doi":"10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579488","url":null,"abstract":"Statistics on the attenuation due to non-precipitating, liquid-bearing overcast stratocumulus (Sc) clouds over Ottawa during the daytime are presented in this paper. Time series of Sc cloud attenuation are extracted from the brightness temperature data and retrievals from a ground-based multifrequency profiling radiometer. Frequencies of interest are 30 and 51.25 GHz; four elevation angles between 15 and 90 degrees (zenith) are considered. Both the MPM psila93 and Rosenkranz models are used to assess gaseous absorption using retrieved profiles ldquotopped uprdquo with the closest in time radiosonde data from a local station. Since most of the clouds in the data set contain some supercooled liquid, these extracted cloud attenuation data are compared to predictions from various dielectric constant models for pure liquid water using both the contemporaneously-retrieved liquid water path data and temperature at the cloud base as inputs.","PeriodicalId":193521,"journal":{"name":"2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117114662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Tikhonov, D. Bojarskiy, L. Kitaev, M. Raev, E. Cherenkova
{"title":"Regional features of microwave radiation and snow cover interaction on the example of the North of the European part of Russia","authors":"V. Tikhonov, D. Bojarskiy, L. Kitaev, M. Raev, E. Cherenkova","doi":"10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579512","url":null,"abstract":"The present report discusses a structure dependent model of emissivity of snow cover. Microwave radiation of the snow cover laying on the surface of earth is primarily determined by two factors: the radiation of the snow layer and the radiation of the underlying surface. Both contributions are influenced by the air-snow and snow-soil boundaries and are subject to absorption and scattering by the snow thickness. The emergence of water in snow cover during melting results in dramatic changes in its physical and radiophysical characteristics. An adequate description of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and wet snow medium requires an understanding of the spatial distribution of the water component. However, so far the problem is not investigated well enough. It has been known that water accumulates in snow pores and forms joints between ice grains. We have suggested two models of wet snow: model I - a medium containing spherical ice grains and water drops; model II - a medium containing spherical ice grains covered with water film and spherical water drops. DMSP SSM/I satellite data of brightness temperature for plain territories of the Northern Eurasia has been used for analysis (Global Hydrology Resource Center NASA). The main peculiarity of the created and developed data base is its animation ideology and construction of interface available for everybody. The comparative estimation of spatial and temporal variability of the modeling, satellite and ground data was carried out for key areas of the north of the European part of Russia. Similarity of statistical fields of satellite brightness temperatures of different belts, ground air temperature and snow depth was appreciated. In particular, the amplification of similarity of examined statistical fields of parameters from the south to the north has been revealed and codified.","PeriodicalId":193521,"journal":{"name":"2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127102209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simultaneous multi-sensor data for global information management system","authors":"R. Haarbrink, A. Shutko","doi":"10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MICRAD.2008.4579460","url":null,"abstract":"An international consortium of specialists from the Netherlands, Russia, Bulgaria, United States and Australia has developed and demonstrated a new airborne multi-sensor system that is ready for implementation in environmental remote sensing. The airborne multi-sensor system consists of several cameras and produces (underground) soil moisture data, ground temperature data, digital elevation models, and high resolution orthophotos. All sensors are mounted on board one single light aircraft and are operated simultaneously to produce a wide range of critical information at a time that is then processed into an information monitoring system (IMS). The international team has demonstrated the benefits of the system in a show case project in Bulgaria in the summer of 2007, and the results are presented in this paper.","PeriodicalId":193521,"journal":{"name":"2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126588560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Blackwell, L. Bickmeier, F.W. Chen, L. G. Jairam, R. Leslie
{"title":"On-orbit radiometric validation and field-of-view calibration of spaceborne microwave sounding instruments","authors":"W. Blackwell, L. Bickmeier, F.W. Chen, L. G. Jairam, R. Leslie","doi":"10.1117/12.804948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.804948","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines two calibration/validation efforts planned for current and future spaceborne microwave sounding instruments. First, the NPOESS Aircraft Sounder Testbed-Microwave (NAST-M) airborne sensor is used to directly validate the microwave radiometers (AMSU and MHS) on several operational satellites. Comparison results for underflights of the Aqua, NOAA, and MetOp-A satellites are shown. Second, a potential approach is presented for on-orbit field-of-view (FOV) calibration of the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS, to be launched in 2010). A constrained deconvolution technique is used to estimate spurious sidelobes in the ATMS antenna patterns from radiometric data collected while the sensor fields of view are scanned across the Earthpsilas limb.","PeriodicalId":193521,"journal":{"name":"2008 Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133907310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}