{"title":"Approaching the diversity of unbalanced residential load in low-voltage grids by probabilistic load-flow simulation of cross-sectional data","authors":"P. Huppertz, L. Kopczynski, R. Zeise, M. Kizilcay","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2015.7232624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2015.7232624","url":null,"abstract":"For the approximation of low-voltage grid dynamics we present an energy based bottom-up model to create highly diverse household load profiles. In an object-oriented approach, nodal loads are represented by classifications of appliances and distributed to the phases in order to consider the characteristically unbalanced load of residential customers over time. Probability parameters, regarding time of use, corresponding duration of use and the magnitude of power consumption, are derived from a combination of statistical data and global load profiles. These parameters build probability models from cross-sectional data for specific points in time which are processed by a probabilistic load-flow along the time axis. A simulation of a rural low-voltage grid using detailed information about the topology, renewable energy sources and residential energy consumption is performed. Results are validated and compared to high-resolution measurements of the real grid. The proposed model - embedded in an appropriate simulation scheme - will support the further development of planning, operational and control strategies for today's and future low-voltage grids.","PeriodicalId":193448,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124431085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sanchez de la Nieta, Tiago A. M. Tavares, Renata F. M. Martins, J. Matias, J. Catalão, J. Contreras
{"title":"Optimal generic energy storage system offering in day-ahead electricity markets","authors":"A. Sanchez de la Nieta, Tiago A. M. Tavares, Renata F. M. Martins, J. Matias, J. Catalão, J. Contreras","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2015.7232441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2015.7232441","url":null,"abstract":"This paper models the offers and bids of a generic storage system in an electricity market through stochastic mixed integer linear programming. The objective function aims at maximizing the profit from buying or selling energy for a general storage system. Some parameters such as storage system efficiency, losses of the energy stored and marginal costs are parameterized to evaluate the offers and bids. Market prices are forecasted for 24 hours using AR, MA and ARIMA time series models. The problem is tested for a case study, analyzing the behaviour of the offers and bids. Also, the results obtained are studied and relevant conclusions are presented.","PeriodicalId":193448,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129050629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of DG modeling and controllers on the transient stability of micro-grids in EMT simulation","authors":"M. Amiri, T. Y. Vega, A. Gole","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2015.7232264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2015.7232264","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling of distributed generation and associated controllers have a considerable influence on the results of transient stability analysis. Synchronous generators and induction generators are two common types of generators which are used for distributed generation, for example in micro-turbines and wind turbines. In this paper, the effect of detail of modeling of synchronous generators on the transient stability is studied by consideration of five different models of synchronous generators. Also, the effect of controller on the transient stability is examined for an induction generator.","PeriodicalId":193448,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133716606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ting Wu, Weijie Mai, Mingwen Qin, Chunxue Zhang, Jiayong Li, Yongquan Nie, Junwei Liu, C. Chung
{"title":"Optimal operation of combined cooling heat and power microgrid with PEVs","authors":"Ting Wu, Weijie Mai, Mingwen Qin, Chunxue Zhang, Jiayong Li, Yongquan Nie, Junwei Liu, C. Chung","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2015.7232270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2015.7232270","url":null,"abstract":"Combined cooling heat and power microgrid with renewable energy sources and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) offers an effective solution to energy-related problems, such as growing energy demand, increasing energy costs, environmental concerns and grid security. Taking the advantage of bidirectional power flow characteristic of PEVs and time-of-use pricing structure, this paper proposes an energy dispatch model to optimally coordinate the electrical, cooling and heat output of various energy sources and minimize both operational costs and environmental pollution, considering various operational constraints of micro-generation, PEV charge/discharge constraints and distribution of PEV state-of-charge. On the basis of the prediction of the wind speed, power, cooling and heat demand for the next 24 hours, dynamic inertia weight particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to optimize the operation schedule. Promising simulation results are presented to demonstrate the well-coordinated performance between the flexible PEV loads, micro-generations and external power grid by peak clipping and valley filling with minimal operational costs and pollution.","PeriodicalId":193448,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130407454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental sensitivity analysis of low voltage control strategies on communication properties","authors":"Mario Faschang, R. Schwalbe, F. Kupzog","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2015.7232817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2015.7232817","url":null,"abstract":"After the successful implementation of first smart grid solutions in the low voltage grids (like dynamic tap-changer switching or solar inverters' reactive and active power adaptation), the evaluation of their performance is of high interest. Due to the nature of the communication systems (e.g. narrow-band power-line communication), i.e. its highly varying message delay and potential packet loss, significant effects on distributed control systems can be expected. In this paper, we present an evaluation of the influence of varying communication channel parameters and the sensitivity of voltage control in distribution grids. Five test cases, together with a reference scenario are evaluated in co-simulation of a rural low voltage grid with high penetration of renewable energy resources. The sensitivity of the control system is assessed with a focus on EN50160 limitations. As results, insights on the sensitivity of novel low voltage grid control strategies are presented and recommendations for controller limit settings are given.","PeriodicalId":193448,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116769951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low Frequency AC transmission as an alternative to VSC-HVDC for grid interconnection of offshore wind","authors":"J. Ruddy, R. Meere, T. O’Donnell","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2015.7232420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2015.7232420","url":null,"abstract":"Low Frequency AC transmission (16.7Hz) has recently gained notable interest in literature as an alternative to the existing VSC-HVDC transmission solution for integrating offshore wind parks. Its key advantages being the substantial gain in the range of transmissible power over traditional 50 Hz methods and the removal of the offshore converter compared to VSC-HVDC. This paper presents a system level techno-economic comparison of conventional VSC-HVDC to LFAC and focuses on the design and operation issues of the onshore step-up conversion to the grid frequency using a thyristor based cycloconverter. This analysis also includes aspects such as power quality and the ability to provide system services. The study finds that LFAC transmission with a BtB VSC converter onshore has greater power losses when compared to the cycloconverter. However, the BtB VSC solution is seen as a more realistic selection option for offshore developers considering LFAC, given lower filtering requirements and greater reliability with respect to grid integration.","PeriodicalId":193448,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116888363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christian Klabunde, N. Moskalenko, Z. Styczynski, P. Lombardi, P. Komarnicki
{"title":"Use of energy storage systems in low voltage networks with high photovoltaic system penetration","authors":"Christian Klabunde, N. Moskalenko, Z. Styczynski, P. Lombardi, P. Komarnicki","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2015.7232489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2015.7232489","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of electrochemical energy storage systems on low voltage grids with high penetration of renewables (RES), mostly photovoltaic power stations (PV). Furthermore, it compares the integration of energy storage systems (ESS) with other alternative solutions economically. It also presents the simulation results for a German power network in a suburban area of Bavaria. In the case study, the ESS are used to reduce overloading of electrical equipment (e.g. power cables and transformers) caused by fluctuating generation of integrated RES. The simulation results reveal that economic use of energy storage to support the grid is feasible when it is accompanied by a specific incentive. The storage tariff necessary for this is comparable with the initial Renewable Energy Act tariff for renewables, thus making this a realistic method for facilitating the use of EES that benefits the grid.","PeriodicalId":193448,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116933994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reactive power limitation due to wind-farm collector networks","authors":"Jonathon Martin, I. Hiskens","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2015.7232809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2015.7232809","url":null,"abstract":"Type-3 and Type-4 wind turbines are capable of contributing to the reactive power required by wind-farms for supporting grid voltages. However, characterizing the maximum reactive power capability of a wind-farm by summing the individual generator ratings does not account for the effects of voltage variations over the radial collector network and can significantly overestimate the total reactive power production capacity. This paper considers the reactive power produced by a wind-farm in response to a common reactive power set-point Qset that is broadcast to all wind turbines. Analysis shows that a sustained increase in Qset will result in the wind-farm delivering maximal reactive power. Several examples demonstrate that generator voltage limits can significantly curtail the reactive power output requested by the control strategy. This improved characterization of wind-farm reactive power production capabilities, which takes into account collector network voltages, will enable better design and operation of wind-farm reactive power resources, reducing the need for additional shunt capacitors and static synchronous compensators.","PeriodicalId":193448,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech","volume":"277 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131531744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparative case study of online voltage instability monitoring","authors":"D. T. Duong, K. Uhlen, G. Taranto, S. Lovlund","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2015.7232478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2015.7232478","url":null,"abstract":"Online voltage instability monitoring based on estimation of the Thevenin impedance has been thoroughly studied in many works. This equivalent impedance can be approximated either by phasor measurements of the load voltage and current or by these measurements in combination with system topology. Both approaches have their own characteristics, which are closely examined in this paper. The study is conducted by simulation of the Nordic power system, where high power export on the transmission corridor between southern Norway and Sweden might cause voltage stability problems. Moreover, the proposed algorithms for estimation of the Thevenin impedance is also implemented and tested at the same location with real data from phasor measurement units. This has enabled interesting comparison of the Thevenin impedances obtained from simulations and the real power system.","PeriodicalId":193448,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132371616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remote diagnosis of insulator strings using radiated emission","authors":"T. Leonida, I. Băran, M. Costea","doi":"10.1109/PTC.2015.7232542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PTC.2015.7232542","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable numbers of glass, ceramic and non-ceramic insulators strings are used on transmission and distribution overhead lines. Defects that commonly occur on this type of high voltage equipment are often associated with the presence of the corona discharges or gap discharges and therefore could be diagnosed using the electromagnetic signature of such phenomena. The paper investigates the correlation of the Radio Interference Voltage (RIV) measured in a standard CISPR circuit to the emitted radio frequency disturbance received by a high frequency electric field isotropic probe, placed in different locations around the insulator string under test. The results show that the radio frequency emission is strongly correlated to the RIV level, i.e. to the disturbing current injected by the discharge in the line conductor, confirming the possibility to develop a remote sensing diagnosis technique based on RF emission.","PeriodicalId":193448,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128104204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}