{"title":"Strategies for supporting neurodivergent nursing students in practice placements.","authors":"Kenneth Robert Ripley","doi":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2025.e12460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodivergent conditions include autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia. An increasing number of people with these conditions are entering higher education. Neurodivergent nursing students may experience increased challenges during their practice placements and require reasonable adjustments to be made. Despite the best intentions of staff, these students' placement experiences and outcomes can be adversely affected, and without appropriate support they may become less likely to engage with some learning opportunities. Additionally, staff may not always have a clear understanding of these students' needs or confidence in meeting them. This article provides an overview of some of the challenges that neurodivergent nursing students may experience during their placements, and outlines some potential strategies that staff supporting them can use.</p>","PeriodicalId":19327,"journal":{"name":"Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to write an effective business case.","authors":"Debbie Quinn","doi":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2025.e12458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale and key points: </strong>Finances in the NHS are severely stretched, so it is essential that requests for funding are for clinically valuable, evidence-based and cost-effective initiatives that aim to improve patient care. Developing a robust business case can support nurses to present a proposed initiative to fundholders in a structured way. This article describes how to write an effective business case that can help ensure fundholders will consider a proposed initiative to be viable. • Using a structured format can enable the nurse to demonstrate their proposal in a concise, business-like manner that all stakeholders can understand. • Historically, nurses have not been supported to obtain the skills needed to develop business acumen and produce robust business cases, but they can access support provided by charities that fund NHS posts. • Writing a business case may involve several reviews to ensure the content is robust and relevant to the needs of the service and/or organisation. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: 'How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence-based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: • How this article might help you to write a business case relevant to your practice area. • How you could use this information to support your colleagues to write an effective business case.</p>","PeriodicalId":19327,"journal":{"name":"Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of tirzepatide (Mounjaro) in type 2 diabetes management: an overview.","authors":"Claire Davies","doi":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2025.e12464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly common long-term metabolic disease. There are many treatment options available to manage type 2 diabetes and reduce the risk of associated long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications. The management of type 2 diabetes initially focuses on lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and increased physical activity levels, with pharmacological intervention used as an adjunct where necessary. Tirzepatide, sold under the brand name Mounjaro, is the latest pharmacological therapy to be developed for this condition. This article discusses the place of tirzepatide therapy as part of the management of type 2 diabetes. It explains the mechanism of action of this medicine, its administration and dosing, the potential side effects, and its cautions and contraindications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19327,"journal":{"name":"Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to administer an enema in adults.","authors":"Fiona Knights","doi":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2025.e12479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale and key points: </strong>Administration of an enema is a common procedure undertaken in healthcare settings and, if undertaken appropriately, is deemed a relatively low-risk and safe intervention. An enema may be prescribed for therapeutic purposes, to administer medicines or for diagnostic purposes. The most common reason for administration of an enema is to relieve severe acute or chronic constipation. This article details the preparation and procedure required for safe administration of an enema in adults and considers the associated indications, contraindications and potential complications. • An enema involves the introduction of a substance in liquid form into the rectum and is a prescription-only medicine. • There are three main types of enemas commonly used in nursing practice: retention, evacuant and softener enemas. • Administration of an enema is invasive and highly personal, and nurses undertaking this procedure must have the knowledge and skills required to do so safely and work within their level of competence. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: 'How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence-based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: • How this article might improve your practice when administering an enema. • How you could use this information to educate nursing students or colleagues about indications for, and the appropriate method for, administering an enema.</p>","PeriodicalId":19327,"journal":{"name":"Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to plan a quality improvement project.","authors":"Davina Calbraith","doi":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12496","DOIUrl":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale and key points: </strong>Measuring and enhancing the quality of patient care has become a central aspect of healthcare. Quality improvement (QI) can have many purposes, but its overall aim is to enhance patient care in a structured and systematic manner. It is essential that nurses, as part of the healthcare team, understand the importance of QI and their role in QI projects. Nurses who lead QI projects need the knowledge and skills required to do so effectively within their level of competence. • The Model for Improvement based on the Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycle has become a framework of reference for QI. • It is important to allocate sufficient time to the planning stage of a QI project and clearly identify the issues and their root causes, what interventions to test and how to measure success. • Involving stakeholders from the outset, eliciting their views and gaining their support, is a major determinant of success. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: 'How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence-based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: • How this article might improve your skills in planning a QI project. • How you could use this information to educate nursing students or colleagues about the appropriate steps in planning a QI project.</p>","PeriodicalId":19327,"journal":{"name":"Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)","volume":" ","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prescribing metformin for patients with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia or type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Ilhem Berrou","doi":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12437","DOIUrl":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metformin hydrochloride is a prescription-only oral medicine that is frequently encountered in clinical practice. It is recommended in most diabetes mellitus guidelines as a first-line treatment option for some people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and most people with type 2 diabetes. Metformin is usually well-tolerated and safe if prescribed appropriately. However, despite its common use, there are several important factors that healthcare practitioners need to consider when intending to prescribe metformin and once it has been initiated. This article discusses the use of metformin in non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes, and explores how healthcare practitioners can ensure safe prescribing of this medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19327,"journal":{"name":"Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)","volume":" ","pages":"43-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lower urinary tract infection in women: diagnosis, management and prevention.","authors":"Lucy Dwyer, Frances Garraghan","doi":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12466","DOIUrl":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition in women, causing symptoms that can have a detrimental effect on their everyday life and, for some, can result in hospitalisation, sepsis and death. The treatment of UTIs accounts for a significant proportion of antibiotic prescribing, which contributes to the growing issue of antimicrobial resistance. To try to address both of these issues, strategies for UTI prevention, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment have become national priorities in the UK. This article discusses current evidence-based guidelines on the diagnosis, management and prevention of lower UTI in women with the aim of enhancing nurses' awareness of these guidelines and to inform their practice. Nurses should be mindful that this issue may also affect trans men and non-binary people.</p>","PeriodicalId":19327,"journal":{"name":"Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)","volume":" ","pages":"56-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to take a wound swab.","authors":"Deborah Chester Bessell","doi":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12451","DOIUrl":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale and key points: </strong>Wound swabbing is a widespread practice undertaken by nurses and other healthcare professionals in various healthcare environments and involves collecting a sample from the wound surface using a sterile swab. The sample acquired from the wound swab is sent for laboratory analysis to assess the level of bioburden present in a wound and to guide treatment decisions. Before undertaking this procedure, the nurse should perform a structured wound assessment and use their clinical judgement to identify the presence of infection and determine if a wound swab is necessary. This How to article details the procedure for obtaining a wound swab safely. Nurses undertaking this activity must have the knowledge and skills required to do so safely, follow local policy, and must work within their level of competence. • Wound infection is challenging for patients, their families and healthcare professionals, as it can result in delayed wound healing leading to increased hospital admissions and can adversely affect patients' quality of life. • Obtaining and preparing the equipment required to obtain a wound swab, and to cleanse the wound if necessary, prevents excessive exposure of the wound to the environment. • There is ongoing debate regarding the optimal method for obtaining a wound swab sample, therefore nurses should follow local guidelines and policies. • Understanding the clinical objectives of wound swabbing and adhering to the best available evidence on the identification of wound infection can support nurses to confidently make decisions about the need for a wound swab. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: 'How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: • How this article might improve your practice when obtaining a wound swab. • How you could use this information to educate nursing students or colleagues about the indications for, and the appropriate methods for obtaining, a wound swab.</p>","PeriodicalId":19327,"journal":{"name":"Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)","volume":" ","pages":"70-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Type 2 diabetes and the role of nurses in its management.","authors":"Sarah Butler","doi":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2025.e12429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes has become a significant global public health issue. Its increasing prevalence is closely linked to sedentary lifestyles, suboptimal diets and high obesity levels. This article provides an overview of type 2 diabetes epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic tests, risk factors, complications and management. It also describes the role of nurses, which involves: advising patients on weight management, diet, physical activity, smoking cessation and alcohol reduction; encouraging adherence to care plans and drug treatment regimens; and providing ongoing support, education and monitoring to prevent or delay the onset of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19327,"journal":{"name":"Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How to administer oral medicines safely in health and social care settings.","authors":"Megan O'Connor","doi":"10.7748/ns.2025.e12384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2025.e12384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale and key points: </strong>The safe administration of oral medicines is a fundamental aspect of healthcare practice and is essential for optimising patient outcomes and preventing adverse events. This article outlines a step-by-step procedure that nurses can follow to ensure patients receive oral medicines correctly and safely, without causing harm. • Oral medicines include tablets, capsules or liquid preparations. • When administering oral medicines, it is important to consult the patient's prescription chart or medication administration record and to use the '6 Rs' of medicines administration as a guide. • Oral medicines should not be blindly crushed or spilt because this can affect the absorption rate and dose, and may lead to adverse effects such as gastrointestinal irritation. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: 'How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence-based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: • How this article might improve your practice when administering oral medicines. • How you could use this information to educate nursing students or enable colleagues to reflect on their own practice in safely administering oral medicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19327,"journal":{"name":"Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}