Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Physical functional performance capacity and its relationship with handedness among a sample of University Undergraduates in Benin-City, Nigeria","authors":"K. Oke, O. Ogundiran, O. Idowu","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_7_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_7_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objective: The relationship between handedness and physical functional performance (PFP) remains a subject of debate. While some researchers have claimed that right-handed persons are more skilful with their right hands when performing hand tasks, others have opined that left-handers perform better. This study assessed the relationship between handedness and PFP among the university undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study which employed purposive sampling technique to recruit 29 (age ranging between 14 and 24 years) university undergraduate students. Participants' sociodemographic, anthropometric characteristics and physiological parameters were measured using the standard procedures. The Edinburgh Handedness Inventory was used to categorise the handedness of participants. PFP of the participants was determined using the handgrip strength. Data obtained were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics with the SPSS software version 21, with a level of statistical significance determined at P < 0.05. Results: The mean right handgrip (34.15 ± 8.25 kg vs. 30.5 ± 9.83 kg, P = 0.431) and left handgrip (30.74 ± 11.32 kg vs. 35.17 ± 9.33 kg, P = 0.348) strengths for right-handed (n = 23) and left-handed (n = 6) participants, respectively, were not significant. The handgrip strength between the preferred (35.41 ± 9.53 kg) and nonpreferred hands (29.62 ± 9.25 kg) of participants differed significantly (P = 0.02). Right-handed participants were significantly stronger with their preferred hand (35.48 ± 9.79 kg vs. 29.39 ± 9.31 kg, P = 0.01) and left-handed participants were significantly stronger with their preferred hand (35.17 ± 9.33 kg vs. 30.5 ± 9.83 kg, P = 0.001). Finally, there was no significant correlation (P > 0.05) between participants' handedness and handgrip strength and other physiological parameters. Conclusion: It is, therefore, concluded that PFP differs according to handedness but did not correlate with physiologic parameters in adolescents.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"67 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91235727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emphasising the importance and evaluation of contributions of pre-morbid disorders to death in medicolegal autopsies","authors":"A. Komolafe, A. Adefidipe, H. Akinyemi, O. Ogunrinde, I. Olorunsola, O. Alade, A. Soremekun","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_3_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_3_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The role of the anatomical pathologist is very crucial in the investigation of deaths in suspicious circumstances. It entails thorough dissection, scrutiny of organ changes and sound intellectual processes to guide legal authorities to take proper decisions based on medicolegal reports of autopsies. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish the presence of pre-morbid conditions in deceased persons during medicolegal autopsies and to ascertain the contributions of pre-morbid diseases to the process of death. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of medicolegal autopsy records over eleven years (2007-2017) was done and the data was analyzed by simple descriptive statistical methods. The inclusion criteria were disorders that predated the medicolegal event resulting in death. Conditions known to be pathophysiological components of the medicolegal event were excluded from the study. Results: A total of 246 cases were considered but only 10 cases met the inclusion criteria. The manner of death in four of the cases within the inclusion criteria were accidental deaths, including three cases of road traffic accident and one case of aircraft crash. There were three cases of infective illness, one case of gunshot injury to the head, one case of death from occupational hazard and one case of death due to injuries from machete cuts. The pre-medical conditions in most of the cases on strict morphological assessment were incidental findings and were not deemed to be contributory in any way to the process of death. Conclusion: It is very important for the anatomical pathologist to probe meticulously for the cause of death and explain the role of every lesion seen at autopsy in the process of death. This is necessary so as to avoid doubts, the insinuations of incomplete autopsies and unnecessary controversies in medicolegal cases.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"9 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76930582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of resources available for integrated primary eye care in obokun local government Area, Nigeria","authors":"Bolajoko A. Adewara, B. Adegbehingbe, O. Onakpoya, A. Adeoye, O. Awe","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_8_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_8_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The integration of eye care services into the primary health-care (PHC) system and the accessibility and quality of eye health in the community is hugely dependent on available resources. Objective: The aim was to assess the resources available for eye care delivery in public PHC facilities in Obokun Local Government Area (LGA), Osun State, Nigeria. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of public PHC facilities and workers in Obokun LGA, Nigeria. A PHC facility checklist was used to obtain data on available infrastructure, material resources, primary eye care (PEC) services, and human resources during a tour and inspection of each facility. Further data on human resources were obtained with a semi-structured questionnaire administered to PHC workers. Data included information on the age, sex, cadre, duration of service, PEC practices, and training of PHC workers. Results: There were 4 (10.0%) primary health (PH) centres, 19 (47.5%) PH clinics and 17 (42.5%) health posts. The number and distribution of PHC facilities, material resources, and PEC services were below-recommended guidelines. There were 12 (11.2%) nurses, 4 (3.7%) community health officers, 19 (17.8%) community health extension workers (CHEWs), 7 (6.5%) health technicians, 8 (7.5%) junior CHEWs, and 57 (53.3%) health assistants. There was a sufficient number of PHC workers and community services to build capacity for PEC delivery. Conclusions: Resources were available for PEC in Obokun LGA; however, some were insufficient or unevenly distributed. Further training of PHC workers in PEC and the provision of the minimum required infrastructure and material resources are recommended.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"20 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79078082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Humanistic design and culture in healthcare environments of Nigeria","authors":"B. Adisa, O. Adisa","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_26_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_26_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Current discourses on healthcare environments' design suggest that qualitative healthcare is directly linked with the state and quality of the environment, making reference not only to the physical but also to the ambient and social environments. These conclude that in giving qualitative care to patients, who are the primary targets of these facilities, it is advocated that the healthcare environments are consciously humanised. Methods: The study is a literature review citing the Nigerian scenario as a case study among developing countries. Results: This review reveals that even though humanisation is crucial, as a driver for change in healthcare environments, its definition varies contextually. The paper further maintains that culture is central to whatever the definitions given to the concept of humanisation and attempts to initiate a discussion on the definition for 'Humanisation' in healthcare environments in Nigeria. It also emphasises the need for and the benefits of evidence-based designs in ensuring the design of well-humanised healthcare environments. In addition, the study finds that there is a dearth of the literature on healthcare environments' design in Nigeria. Conclusion: Currently, there are no commonly identifiable definitions for humanistic designs in healthcare environments in Nigeria. Recommendations are that more healthcare design research should be conducted to support these observations with empirical evidence and uncover how humanisation is defined in the country.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"2 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91314480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adequacy of haemodialysis in two centres in Southwestern Nigeria: Determinants and clinical correlates","authors":"P. Uduagbamen, AT Uka, MI Ogunmola, C. Attah, OJ Alao, TE Falana","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_5_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_5_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dialysis remains the most common modality of renal replacement therapy for managing end-stage kidney disease. Optimisation of various measures is needed for its efficient delivery. Inadequate dialysis is common in many low-income nations, and there could be inter-centre differences in the delivered dose. Aim: We assessed the dialysis adequacy and factors associated with inter-centre variation. Materials and Methods: This was a two-centre comparative study. Participants' sociodemographic and examination findings were documented and dialysis was prescribed. Pre- and post-dialysis blood for electrolytes, urea and creatinine were taken, and urea reduction ratio and fractional urea clearance as a function of its distribution volume (Kt/V) were calculated. Results: Two hundred and thirty-two participants had 1248 dialysis sessions. Participants' mean age was 49.9 ± 4.6 years. More males participated in the study, and males also received more sessions per participant. A greater proportion of the participants had tertiary education and had hypertensive nephropathy as the cause of kidney disease. The internal jugular access was used for dialysis in majority (60.6%) of the dialysis sessions. Dialysis dose (DD) was adequate in only 115 (9.2%) sessions. The mean DD was 1.02 ± 0.4; in the two centres, it was 0.86 ± 0.2 and 1.11 ± 0.5. Conclusion: DD is low in many low-income nations including Nigeria. The DD was directly related to the blood flow rate, dialysis duration and frequency of erythropoietin use. In addition to other factors, inability to afford prescribed dialysis regimen is a major contributor to the low DD in low-income settings.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"14 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86141052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol use disorders and its association with family factors among undergraduates of obafemi awolowo university, Ile-Ife, Nigeria","authors":"A. Akinsulore, AF Ologunleko, B. Oladimeji","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_12_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_12_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alcohol is a socially acceptable substance that plays a key traditional role in the African setting. Family factors such as dysfunctional family background may increase the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) among university students. Objective: This study assessed the prevalence of AUD and its association with family factors among undergraduates of a Nigerian university. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey involved 360 consenting undergraduates recruited from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. Demographic variables were obtained with a questionnaire, whereas AUD was measured with AUD Identification Test. Family factors assessed were family structure, family socioeconomic status, family functioning, parenting styles and perceived social support (PSS). Results: The mean age of respondents was 21.12 years (standard deviation = 2.37) and 223 (61.9%) were males. The prevalence of AUD was 16.7%. Factors significantly associated with AUD were demographic variables – being male (P < 0.001) and traditional religion (P = 0.024) and family factors – low socioeconomic class (P = 0.023), dysfunctional family (P < 0.001) and father use of alcohol (P = 0.001). Respondents with AUD reported significantly lower mean score on all the PSS subscales: family (P = 0.001), friend (P < 0.001) and significant other (P < 0.001) and authoritative parenting style of father (P < 0.001) and mother (P < 0.001). Predictors of AUD were male sex, father use of alcohol, father authoritative parenting style and high PSS from friends. Conclusion: AUD is prevalent among Nigerian undergraduates with male sex and some family factors associated with it. The results of this study have significant implications for both primary and secondary prevention efforts.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"27 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76895611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of low back pain among school-aged adolescents using parental sociodemographic variables in a Nigerian City","authors":"A. Ojoawo, H. Enokeran, E. Fatoyinbo, O. Akinola","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_30_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_30_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Low back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder among adults, but how parental sociodemographic factors associated with the prevalence of LBP among adolescents is still under investigation. Materials and Methods: Eight schools were selected randomly; from each school, 100 students were consecutively selected amounting to 800 participants for the study. LBP questionnaire from a study of Chiwaridzo and Naidoo was adopted for the research. The Likert scale questionnaire was administered to each participant and collected as soon as it was completed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Alpha level was set at 0.05. Results: The results showed that 710 questionnaires, which were 88.7% of the total, were analysable. More than 46% of the participants recorded LBP in the last 1 year. There was significant association between occurrence of LBP and each of family history of LBP (χ[2] = 13.357, P = 0.000), fathers' occupation (χ[2] = 13.357, P = 0.000) and education (χ[2] = 13.357, P = 0.000); mothers' occupation (χ[2] = 13.357, P = 0.000) and education (χ[2] = 13.357, P = 0.000). Prediction equation for the occurrence of LBP is: Y = K + B (Occupation) + C (Education) + D (LBP in the family). The r[2] value was 0.473 interpreting that the percentage contribution of these factors to the prediction of LBP among adolescents was 47.3%. Conclusion: The study showed that prevalence of pain at low back was 46% among 10–14 years' adolescents. Some parental sociodemographic variables may contribute to the occurrence of LBP among adolescents.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"103 1","pages":"45 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85274664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental implant placement procedure with simultaneous bone augmentation: A case report and literature review","authors":"A. Nayyar, S. Sahu, S. Gupta, S. Govindraj, M. Rajambigai, K. Ranganathan, S. Shelvan","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_19_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_19_19","url":null,"abstract":"Bone grafting techniques often constitute the mainstay of treatment used in the restoration of the atrophic maxillary bone before the placement of dental implants. Bone grafting can be achieved with various types of grafting materials; natural or synthetic, though, autogenous bone grafts are still considered the gold standard because of their osteogenic, osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties. The present case report describes the case of a 35-year-old female patient who presented with missing right maxillary central incisor secondary to trauma. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed a severe bone defect requiring a bone augmentation procedure. Hence, guided bone regeneration of the maxillary defect was planned with simultaneous placement of endosseous implant. The present case report, thus, demonstrates the successful use of vertical and horizontal bone augmentation procedures conducted with the help of guided tissue regeneration and simultaneous endosseous implant placement.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"104 1","pages":"72 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75552012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the opinion of the pathologist in coroners' autopsies","authors":"A. Komolafe, A. Adefidipe, H. Akinyemi, O. Ogunrinde, I. Olorunsola, O. Alade, A. Soremekun","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_2_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_2_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The practice of forensic medicine essentially integrates medical knowledge, autopsy pathology and the principles of medical law to address the concerns of the law courts with regard to the medicolegal investigation of deaths in coroner's cases. The coroner's autopsy is a derivative of legal practice, and the pathologist should defer to meet the needs of the requesting legal authorities. Materials and Methods: The study was a retrospective review of the medicolegal reports of cases seen in the jurisdiction of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Conplex, Ile-Ife over a period of 11 years. The reports were analysed for the vital components of the coroners' autopsy cases that ultimately determine the opinion which is the summary and conclusion of the cases. Such components include the proximate, intermediate and immediate causes of death, circumstances of death and pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in death. The appropriateness of the opinion of death with regard to the manner of death was also assessed based on the medicolegal certainty. Results: In all, 102 cases were analysed, within the age range of 5–85 years, including 75 males and 27 females giving a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. There were 10 cases (9.8%) classifiable as deaths from natural diseases, 49 cases (48%) from accidents, including 48 cases of road traffic accident and one from aircraft crash, 30 cases (29.4%) of homicides, 1 (0.98%) case of suicide 1 (0.98%) case of electrocution and 11 (10.8%) cases of misadventure and indeterminate categories. Conclusions: The role of the forensic pathology is crucial in guiding the law courts in determining the outcome of medicolegal cases. The pathologist is therefore obligated to exercise due diligence at all the stages of the autopsy to answer the relevant questions that will enable the court to give appropriate verdict, devoid of miscarriage of justice.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"58 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81917031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation and psychometric evaluation of the yoruba version of quadruple visual analogue scale","authors":"C. Mbada, F. Akindele, C. Fatoye, A. Ademoyegun, A. Odole, M. Ogunlana, A. Idowu, O. Adegbemigun, F. Fatoye","doi":"10.4103/njhs.njhs_4_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/njhs.njhs_4_20","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Wide application of the Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale (QVAS) is hamstrung by dearth or lack of its translations into other languages. Aims: This study was aimed to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the Yoruba version of the QVAS (QVAS-Y). Materials and Methods: The translation process involved forward-translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert review and pre-final testing. The English QVAS and QVAS-Y were administered to 100 consenting patients with chronic low back pain to determine the validity of the new translation, while 51 of the respondents completed the QVAS-Y again after 7 days for test–retest reliability. The Oswestry Disability Index was used to test its external validity. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The concurrent validity score for QVAS-Y was r = 0.896, P = 0.001, and ranges between 0.465 (lowest) and 0.856 (highest) for items 4 and 1, respectively. The QVAS-Y has moderate external validity (r = 0.341; P = 0.001) and its reliability value was 0.622 and ranges between 0.465 and 0.668 per item. The Cronbach's alpha for the QVAS-Y was 0.767 and ranges between 0.635 and 0.801 per item. Conclusion: The concurrent validity, reliability and internal consistency of the QVAS-Y are adequate to assess pain among Yoruba population.","PeriodicalId":19310,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"63 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74987717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}