Journal of Asian Development Research最新文献

Access to Institutional Credit by Farmers in Eastern India 印度东部农民获得机构信贷的途径

Journal of Asian Development Research Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/2633190x211040622

T. Haque, Ankita Goyal

{"title":"Access to Institutional Credit by Farmers in Eastern India","authors":"T. Haque, Ankita Goyal","doi":"10.1177/2633190x211040622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633190x211040622","url":null,"abstract":"The supply of institutional credit plays an important role in promoting agricultural growth and also saving the farmers from the clutches of private moneylenders who charge exorbitantly high rates of interest and force them to live in perpetual debt trap. There has been a phenomenal increase in the flow of institutional credit to agriculture in the recent years but this has been quite uneven between regions. As of 2018–2019, the Southern Region had the highest share (43.0 %) in the institutional credit followed by Northern Region (21.0 %), Central Region (13.6 %), Western Region (12.0 %), Eastern Region (9.0 %) and North Eastern Region (0.9 %) respectively. Despite so much talk about the need for green revolution in Eastern India, the institutional credit to agriculture in almost all the Eastern and North Eastern states has been very poor. Based on various standard criteria such as credit–deposit ratio, credit absorption capacity, level of agricultural diversification and untapped potentials for higher agricultural growth and poverty reduction, farmers in the eastern states deserve a better deal in terms of access to institutional credit. Besides, the article explodes the myth of low credit absorption of farmers in Eastern India.","PeriodicalId":193085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Development Research","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116314447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of Economic and Environmental Policies on the Mangrove Economy: A General Equilibrium Framework 经济和环境政策对红树林经济的影响:一个一般均衡框架

Journal of Asian Development Research Pub Date : 2021-08-27 DOI: 10.1177/2633190x211036300

Debabrata Ray, Anindita Sen

引用次数: 1

Public Policy Dilemma of Choosing the Medium of Instruction for School Education: A Case for Questioning Fallacies and Connecting Objectives 学校教育教学媒介选择的公共政策困境:质疑谬误与衔接目标的案例

Journal of Asian Development Research Pub Date : 2021-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/2633190x211034697

Jyotsna Jha

{"title":"Public Policy Dilemma of Choosing the Medium of Instruction for School Education: A Case for Questioning Fallacies and Connecting Objectives","authors":"Jyotsna Jha","doi":"10.1177/2633190x211034697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633190x211034697","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the issue of the public policy choice of the medium of instruction in public schools in India, taking the high demand for English-medium school education into consideration. Building on the available literature and evidence, the article argues against the introduction of English as a singular medium of instruction in school education. The introduction of English in public and private low-cost schools is not helping children in attaining any proficiency in English. The use of English also adversely impacts their capacity to learn other subjects well. The article argues for the adoption of the translanguaging philosophy and multilingual approach to address all objectives that drive the choice of a particular medium of instruction: gaining proficiency in the said languages, ability to communicate well using those languages, using those languages to learn other subjects, making schools inclusive by including diverse home languages present in school education and enabling diverse languages to flourish by promoting their learning and usage in formal schools. This requires a reform in institutional approaches and capacity building but does not necessarily imply additional burden. Certain parts of the world have adopted these approaches successfully and learning from them. Indian states can device their own approaches taking local contexts and realities into account.","PeriodicalId":193085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Development Research","volume":"4 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113962338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Institutional Innovations in India: An Assessment of Producer Companies as New-Generation Co-operative Companies 印度的制度创新:对作为新一代合作型公司的生产型公司的评估

Journal of Asian Development Research Pub Date : 2021-08-07 DOI: 10.1177/2633190x211033510

Sukhpal Singh

{"title":"Institutional Innovations in India: An Assessment of Producer Companies as New-Generation Co-operative Companies","authors":"Sukhpal Singh","doi":"10.1177/2633190x211033510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633190x211033510","url":null,"abstract":"There are many types of innovations such as technological, social, product, process, marketing and organizational, and institutional innovation is one type. The producer companies (PCs), which are a case of legal institutional innovation in the Indian domain of primary producer organization are more market-oriented co-operative companies and can help farmers buy and sell more effectively. They have gained currency across India during the past 15 years since the amendment to the Companies Act made this possible in 2003, and India now has thousands of such PCs, with many of them being supported by state agencies. This article examines the uniqueness of these entities as an institutional form wherein principles of co-operation and corporate entity have been combined so that they could be more relevant entities in a globalized and liberalized market environment. It discusses their competitive edge over other forms of producer organizations like co-operative societies in India and farmer companies in Sri Lanka, and new-generation co-operatives in other parts of the world. After discussing some innovations in their governance and management, it concludes by making suggestions for augmenting this institutional innovation for inclusive and sustainable agricultural and rural development.","PeriodicalId":193085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Development Research","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128036417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A Real Bonds Doctrine 真实债券理论

Journal of Asian Development Research Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633190X20984417

Romar Correa

引用次数: 0

Inclusive Growth in Maharashtra: A Dual Narrative 马哈拉施特拉邦的包容性增长:双重叙事

Journal of Asian Development Research Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633190X21992598

M. Suryanarayana

引用次数: 0

Book review: Jan Breman. Capitalism, Inequality and Labour in India 书评:Jan Breman。印度的资本主义、不平等和劳动力

Journal of Asian Development Research Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633190X211003337

Rohit Ranjan

引用次数: 0

Intergenerational Occupational Persistence: Recent Evidence from Indian States 代际职业持久性:来自印度各州的最新证据

Journal of Asian Development Research Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633190X20973535

Sweta Lahiri, Tushar K. Nandi

{"title":"Intergenerational Occupational Persistence: Recent Evidence from Indian States","authors":"Sweta Lahiri, Tushar K. Nandi","doi":"10.1177/2633190X20973535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633190X20973535","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies intergenerational occupational persistence using three recent rounds of a nationally representative sample survey from India. More than 60% of Indians are employed in the industry where their fathers are also employed. We find that individuals from Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Hindus have higher occupational persistence than those from the General Class (GEN) and Muslims, respectively. Persistence in general is higher in rural areas. We find considerable interstate and intrastate variations in the incidence across General Category States (GCSs) and Special Category States (SCSs). It has remained almost unchanged among GCSs on average, whereas it has decreased gradually for SCSs. Large inter-regional disparity exists within states between rural and urban areas and between capital and non-capital districts. Such disparity is found to be higher among GCSs. Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand are the GCSs with large and increasing occupational persistence. Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya and Mizoram are the SCSs with persistence of above 70%. Using a probit estimation analysis, we find family background (father’s education in rural area and ownership of productive assets) to have a significant and consistent influence on intergenerational persistence compared to own education. Results in general indicate that background factors play a stronger role than education does in the choice of occupation among Indians.","PeriodicalId":193085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Development Research","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131200627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Delegation and Decentralization: Reform Ideas for Bihar’s Economic Transformation 下放与分权:比哈尔邦经济转型的改革思路

Journal of Asian Development Research Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633190X21991937

Stuti Khemani

{"title":"Delegation and Decentralization: Reform Ideas for Bihar’s Economic Transformation","authors":"Stuti Khemani","doi":"10.1177/2633190X21991937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633190X21991937","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes reform ideas for Bihar using advances in economics research on the role of institutions in economic development. Institutions—the formal and informal rules of the ‘game’ of how people interact in society—are fundamental determinants of economic activity and entrepreneurship. Historical institutions of caste-based feudalism in Bihar have been regarded as depressing entrepreneurship and encouraging lawlessness and corruption. New survey data–based evidence shows the potential of two reforms to bring about Bihar’s institutional and economic transformation: greater delegation of public policy implementation in bureaucracies and greater decentralization of public policy selection to local governments. Greater delegation means giving autonomy and discretion to agents in bureaucracies, and promoting professional norms for service delivery rather than hierarchical monitoring and disciplining to achieve performance. Greater decentralization means that more policy choices—such as on the composition of public expenditures, tariffs and fees for public infrastructure—are made by local leaders who gain the power to make these choices by winning more local elections. Communication within bureaucracies and through local media about the performance of public policies is part of these institutional reforms. Taken together, these can reduce the influence of patronage politics and enable the selection of leaders who pursue policies in the broad public interest. In turn, these institutional changes can spur greater economic activity and entrepreneurship, including all social groups in growth and prosperity.","PeriodicalId":193085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Development Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131564373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Public Finance in Pandemic Times 大流行时期的公共财政

Journal of Asian Development Research Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/2633190X211003336

M. Rao

{"title":"Public Finance in Pandemic Times","authors":"M. Rao","doi":"10.1177/2633190X211003336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2633190X211003336","url":null,"abstract":"Never before in living memory has economic destruction been so severe as it has been caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has struck at a time when the economy has already been slowing due to structural problems. Therefore, hastening the recovery process and accelerating the pace of economic growth requires the government not only to provide substantial stimulus but also to implement structural reforms. The stimulus provided so far has been mainly by the RBI on the supply side in terms of reducing interest rate, augmenting augment liquidity, restructuring loans to stressed sectors, moratorium on repayment of loans to severely impacted businesses and regulatory forbearance. The fiscal stimulus on the demand side has not been significant and amounted to just about 1.5 percent to 2 percent of GDP. The sharp contraction of the economy by 15.7 percent in the first half has substantially eroded revenue collections requiring both central and state governments to sharply reduce both government consumption and investment expenditures. Faster recovery in the second half of the year will crucially depend upon heavy lifting by the governments which requires them to increase consumption expenditures, transfers as well as capital expenditure by scaling up borrowing as well as monetizing the assets. The aggregate fiscal deficit as well as outstanding debt are likely to show a sharp increase which will raise questions of sustainability. The government has initiated a number of reforms, particularly to infuse flexibility to land and labour markets, reform regulatory systems in education and healthcare, and has made additional borrowing to the states conditional on undertaking power sector reforms, property tax reforms and improving the ease of doing business. However, implementation of these reforms holds the key. There is a need to urgently address problems of the financial sector. Reforms in sectors such as police and judiciary too are overdue to protect the life and property of people and enforce contracts.","PeriodicalId":193085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asian Development Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132656252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1