Northern Journal of Applied Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Extending the time interval for applying herbicide in cut-stump treatments on American beech","authors":"Jeffrey D. Kochenderfer, J. Kochenderfer, G. Miller","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-033","url":null,"abstract":"American Beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) root sprouts often form dense understories that interfere with tree reproduction throughout much of the eastern hardwood region. The cut-stump treatment, whereby herbicide is applied to the stump within a few hours after a larger beech is felled, has been shown to mitigate the interference problem by eliminating beech stems attached to the parent tree's root system. Forest managers are often reluctant to prescribe this treatment because the short time interval between felling the tree and applying herbicide requires the applicator to work in proximity to an active logging operation, raising concerns about safety and efficiency. This study measured the efficacy of the cut-stump treatment on American beech root and stump sprouts for eight time intervals, ranging from 1 to 120 hours, on a 60-acre study site in central West Virginia. Glyphosate as Razor Pro herbicide was diluted to a 65.6% solution with water (26.9% active ingredient) and applied to the outer 2 in. of beech stumps from trees 11-15 in. dbh. The treatments were applied during a cool humid period in September and evaluated 12 months later. Control of root sprouts ranged from 71 to 86%, with no significant differences among the 1- to 96-hour treatments. Efficacy dropped to 50% and 1% for the 120-hour treatment and control treatment, respectively. Stump sprouts were prevented on all stumps treated within 96 hours of tree severing. The results indicated that herbicide can be applied to beech stumps up to four days after severing without reducing control of root and stump sprouts under the conditions in this study. The longer time interval will improve feasibility, safety, and efficiency of the cut-stump treatment. In practice, the effective time interval may vary depending on season of the year and weather conditions.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"118-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Components and nutrient concentrations of small-diameter woody biomass for energy","authors":"J. Kabrick, J. Dwyer, S. Shifley, Brandon S. O'Neil","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-030","url":null,"abstract":"The growing interest in using woody biomass for energy offers a potential opportunity to commercially remove cohorts of small-diameter trees (\u0001<25 cm dbh) during thinning operations that otherwise have little or no economic value. However, there is little information about the quantity of biomass and the nutrients that would be removed during small-diameter harvests in oak stands of the Central Hardwood Region. The objectives of the study were to quantify biomass removals by component (foliage, twigs, bark, and stemwood) and the nutrient concentrations within components for estimating quantities of both wood and nutrients that would be removed under alternative harvest prescriptions. White oak was the most common species harvested; others included post oak, black oak, mockernut hickory, American elm, persimmon, white ash, and dogwood. Sampling indicated that heartwood and sapwood comprised most of the biomass (78 -79%) followed by bark (15%), twigs (4 - 5%), and leaves (about 2%). Estimated nutrient removals during a small-diameter harvest in this region were 1.3-3 times greater than during conventional sawlog harvests. The relatively high nutrient removals that can occur for biomass harvesting compared to traditional sawlog harvests underscore an ongoing need to ensure that nutrient removals during biomass harvesting do not exceed inputs from soil mineral weathering and the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring riparian forests in the Missouri Ozarks","authors":"Kyle L. Steele, J. Kabrick, D. Dey, Randy G. Jensen","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-045","url":null,"abstract":"Restoring the function of riparian forest ecosystems has become a primary objective of many land management agencies throughout the central hardwood region, and consequently, much emphasis has been placed on planting native hardwood tree species in former bottomland agricultural fields. However, there is little information providing successful restoration techniques in old-field riparian ecosystems, especially in the Ozark highlands ecoregion of Missouri. Objectives of this study were to examine the efficacy of two herbicide and three cover-crop vegetation management treatments on the (1) composition and density of competing vegetation, (2) survival and height growth of planted seedlings of 13 native bottomland tree species, and (3) the density and composition of natural reproduction colonizing three old-field riparian sites in the Missouri Ozarks. Overall, we found selection of tree species was a more important determinant of afforestation success (i.e., high survival and height growth) than the type of vegetation management used during establishment. Planting bareroot stock is an important strategy for establishing hardmast species because there is little evidence that they will colonize naturally very quickly following abandonment of tall fescue pastures in Ozark bottomlands.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"109-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insect Damage to Wind-Thrown and Standing Live Black Cherry Resulting From Delayed Salvage After a Major Abiotic Disturbance","authors":"Marc F. DiGirolomo, D. Allen, S. Stehman, S. Stout, J. Wiedenbeck","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-032","url":null,"abstract":"Severe windstorms that swept through three counties in northwestern Pennsylvania on July 21 and 22, 2003, caused extensive blowdown in many northern hardwood stands containing an extensive component of black cherry, Prunus serotina Ehrh. Although many species were affected by the storm, black cherry is the most valuable timber species in the region. A number of factors prevented salvage until 3 years after the storm. The purposes of this study were to identify the wood-boring insects that attacked damaged cherry and to estimate the value lost due to delayed salvage. The long-horned beetle Saperda imitans Felt and Joutel (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and the ambrosia beetle Xyleborinus saxeseni (Ratz.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) were the most abundant wood borers reared from wind-thrown cherry. We also monitored both changes in the population of the bark beetle Phoeotribus liminaris (Ratz.) and the damage it caused to live residual cherry. Based on the average depth of S. imitans galleries and associated stain, the estimated grade loss of a 25-cm (10 in.) cherry log (large end) after slab removal was approximately 27% and for a 102-cm (40 in.) log it was 3.6%. Wood borer galleries occurred throughout the first 5.2 m (17 ft) of the butt log as well as in the upper bole and larger branches. The density of ambrosia beetle galleries on wind-thrown trees was highest on trees with dying and dead epicormics than on trees with live epicormics and higher on trees suspended off the ground. Catches of X. saxeseni in ethanol-baited, Lindgren funnel traps increased significantly from 2005 to 2006 as did numbers of P. liminaris and the gum spot damage these insects did to residual live cherry in 2005 compared with that in 2004. Results of this study indicate that the extent of insect damage after this abiotic disturbance was influenced by the time of year the damage occurred relative to the temporal activity of the insects involved and emphasizes the importance of swift salvage.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"101-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking and Calibration of Forest Vegetation Simulator Individual Tree Attribute Predictions Across the Northeastern United States","authors":"M. Russell, A. Weiskittel, J. Kershaw","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-034","url":null,"abstract":"This study used permanent sample plot data from the USDA Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis database to benchmark and calibrate three key submodels of the Forest Vegetation Simulator-Northeast variant (FVS-NE). Model predictions for total tree height (ht) and 5-year diameter (dbh5) and height increment (ht5) for the 20 most abundant species did not indicate any serious spatial trends. FVS-NE predictions for total ht performed moderately well, as mean bias averaged 0.9 5.2 ft (mean SD) across all species. FVS-NE dbh5 predictions fell within 15% of observed values between 8.4 and 17.3% of the time and performed best for shade-tolerant species and worst for intermediate shade intolerants. For ht 5 , the number of predictions that fell within 15% of observed values averaged 7.7%. Submodel performance generally improved after calibrating FVS-NE predictions using tree size, site, and climate variables. After employing a calibrated dbh5, 5-year basal area growth continued to be underpredicted across all ecoregions and forest types. Results indicate that (1) an assessment of overall model performance should be conducted if calibrated submodels are used and (2) alternative modeling strategies be explored to better represent the allometry and growth of the important trees species across the northeastern United States.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations of the Impact of Soil Scarification and Fire on Oak Accumulation on Shelterwood Sites","authors":"M. Demchik, Tess Noel Radke, Melis Arık","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"130 1","pages":"92-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It's the Network: How Personal Connections Shape Decisions about Private Forest Use","authors":"D. Kittredge, M. Rickenbach, T. Knoot, Emma Snellings, Angélica Erazo","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.11-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.11-004","url":null,"abstract":"Most private landowners do not have management plans or avail themselves of professional advice before the sale of timber. We designed a pilot study to determine the extent to which they rely on social networks of professionals, peer landowners, neighbors, relatives, friends, and others for information before making decisions to either sell timber or place an easement on their land. We estimated that informal networks of 7–10 people may in some way be related to an owner’s land and a subset of 1 or 2 are influential in a timber sale or easement decision. The size of the network may not be related to decision satisfaction. Peer landowners, local people from the community, and professionals play important roles in decisionmaking.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"13 1","pages":"67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.11-004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of reserve prices and contract length on stumpage bid prices: An empirical assessment","authors":"Ross N. Brown, M. Kilgore, C. Blinn, J. Coggins","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observing Forest Property Tax Enrollment Preferences in Light of a Multiyear Restriction on Development","authors":"Benjamin A. Bagdon, M. Kilgore","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"58-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-Use Efficiency and Photosynthetic Capacity of Northern White-Cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) Cuttings Originated from Layering and Seed","authors":"R. Man, P. Lu, W. Parker, G. Kayahara, Q. Dang","doi":"10.5849/NJAF.12-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/NJAF.12-010","url":null,"abstract":"Northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) regeneration originating from layering is generally considered to be more shade tolerant than that of seed origin. In this study, we examined photosynthetic light-use efficiency, an important component of shade tolerance, of these two forms of regeneration using light-response curves of 1-year-old rooted cuttings of layers and seedlings grown under low (20% of full sun) and high (90% of full sun) light conditions. Northern white-cedar showed a strong potential for photosynthetic acclimation to light availability, as indicated by significant differences in the light compensation point (LCP), dark respiration (R d ), apparent quantum efficiency (PE), and light saturation point (Q sat ) but not light-saturated rate of net photosynthesis (A max ) between cuttings grown under high and low light. Values of Rd, LCP, and PE did not differ between layers and seedlings grown under high and low light, but layers had higher Amax and Qsat than seedlings when grown under high light. This result may reflect a comparatively lower capacity for photosynthetic acclimation of seedlings to high light conditions, perhaps because of their younger physiological age. A lower capacity for photosynthetic acclimation to light in seedlings could limit the repair and recovery of their photosynthetic systems from damage associated with the more extreme microenvironments of open, recently disturbed sites.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"53-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/NJAF.12-010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70977975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}