Northern Journal of Applied Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Nectria canker incidence on birch (Betula spp.) in Connecticut.","authors":"J. Ward, S. Anagnostakis, F. Ferrandino","doi":"10.1093/NJAF/27.3.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/NJAF/27.3.85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/NJAF/27.3.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61393723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Decrease in Oak Litter Mass Changes Nutrient Dynamics in the Litter Layer of a Central Hardwood Forest","authors":"K. Piatek, P. Munasinghe, William T. Peterjohn, M. Adams, J. Cumming","doi":"10.1093/NJAF/27.3.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/NJAF/27.3.97","url":null,"abstract":"The abundance of oak is declining in the central hardwood forest, resulting in structural and functional changes in the litter layer. We hypothesized that a decline in oak litter mass associated with a lower oak component will result in an increase in nutrient cycling rates in the litter layer. To test this hypothesis, we compared mass loss and C, N, P, and Ca dynamics in pure oak litter and in litter made of 48% oak plus 52% five other deciduous species in a central hardwood forest in West Virginia. In 12 months of litter decomposition, pure oak litter decomposed more slowly, retained more C and N, immobilized more and subsequently did not release P, and released less Ca than litter consisting of 48% oak plus five other species. Annual stand-level nutrient fluxes in pure oak and in 48% oak plus five other species litter were correspondingly 4.1 and 4.4 kg ha 1 N, 0.22 and 0.17 kg ha 1 P, and 9.3 and 16.7 kg ha 1 Ca. These results indicate that a decline in oak will cause more rapid nutrient cycling in the litter layer of affected central hardwood stands.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/NJAF/27.3.97","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61393334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of residual stand damage along yarding trails in a group selection harvest using four different yarding methods.","authors":"Oscar Bustos, A. Egan, W. Hedstrom","doi":"10.1093/NJAF/27.2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"56-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61393184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Private forest landowner attitudes toward off-highway vehicle access: a Minnesota case study.","authors":"Dennis R Becker, Grant L. Wilson, S. Snyder","doi":"10.1093/NJAF/27.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"Off-highway vehicle (OHV) riding has increased dramatically in the past decade, creating challenges for finding suitable places to ride, particularly where access to public lands is limited. This research examines the attitudes and willingness of private forest and seasonal recreation landowners to provide OHV access. A series of focus groups was conducted to inform a survey questionnaire mailed to a random sample of landowners in north central Minnesota. Results indicate low willingness among landowners to provide public OHV riding opportunities. Approximately 3% of respondents currently allow public access, but that increases significantly if OHV riding behaviors are to reflect lowered noise levels, increased age of riders, low speeds, and small group sizes. Results also indicate that landowner attitudes regarding OHV effects and rider behaviors differ when riders are family and friends versus the public.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"62-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.62","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61393268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Biomass Harvesting in the Northeast: A Special-Needs Operation?","authors":"J. Benjamin, R. Lilieholm, Charles E. Coup","doi":"10.1093/NJAF/27.2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.45","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing interest in harvesting forest biomass to meet the needs of bioenergy and bioproducts facilities in the Northeast. This interest is accompanied by increased concern over the potential impacts of biomass removals on forest ecosystems. Debates over biomass proposals have revealed a considerable level of confusion over the term biomass harvest, much of which stems from ambiguity surrounding the term forest biomass. Indeed, all forest material removed during harvest is forest biomass, yet many view only a small portion of this—typically low-value chipped material—as biomass. Since much of this material is destined for use as energy, we feel that communication among the public, foresters, academics, and industry representatives would improve by referring to forest biomass of this nature as what it really is: energy wood. Once terms are clarified, it is easier to understand how concerns with market dynamics, soil productivity, water quality, and forest biodiversity can be addressed through forest policy development.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.45","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61392372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Tree Mapping Using Photography.","authors":"A. Dick, J. Kershaw, D. Maclean","doi":"10.1093/NJAF/27.2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.68","url":null,"abstract":"Materials and Methods Study Location Sample plots were located on the J.D. Irving, Ltd., Black Brook District in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada (47°00 to 47°30 N, 67°20 to 68°10 W). The District is 190,000 ha and represents some of the most intensively managed forests in Canada. Sample plots were a subset of plots established as part of a harvesting trial. Plots were established on a systematic grid across the study area, and a subset was selected for this study to represent a range of stand conditions, densities, species compositions, and management regimes. Sampled plot characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Plot Establishment Tree Mapping Sample plots were established as variable-radius plots using a 1-m ha 1 basel area factor (BAF) angle gauge (1 m ha 1 4.356 ft ac ). The distance from plot center to each tallied tree (nearest 0.1 m) and the azimuth (nearest degree) were measured using a tape measure and compass mounted on a tripod and recorded in a field data collector. Distances were measured from plot center to the face of the tree. The dbh (to the nearest 0.01 m) of tallied trees was measured using tree calipers. Using recorded distance and tree diameter, the field data collector computed whether measured trees were in or out of the tally. This capability was useful in the field for assessing trees that were borderline based on the angle gauge. The tally sweep began at north azimuth (0°) and continued clockwise around the plot. Photo Measurements We evaluated tree distance measurements on photos using two methods: a) targets placed on trees; and b) tree dbh measured from the photograph. After measuring all trees, a target printed on card stock 21.6 27.9 cm was placed on each tree at breast height (1.3 m). In the center of each target was a 17.8 17.8-cm black square, and printed above this was an indexing tree number to relate photographic measurements to field measurements. The targets are not required to make the measurements and can be considered optional; however, it is important to have a method for indexing trees in the photos to tallied attributes. A digital camera mounted in portrait orientation on a panoramic tripod mount (Kaidan Kiwi) was placed on a tripod 1.3 m directly above the plot center. The panoramic tripod mount ensured that the camera’s focal point was directly above the rotational axis of the tripod, such that the resulting series of photographs could be stitched together with minimum distortion. The degree index on the mount was used to determine accurate camera rotation between photographs. Two camera models were used, an Olympus D550z (3 megapixels) and a Canon PowerShot SD200 (3.2 megapixels). Both cameras are entry-level “point-and-shoot” type cameras with a replacement cost between $150 and $200 each. The first plot photograph was taken oriented toward the first tree measured, and a series of 24 photographs, taken at 15° intervals around plot center, was then obtained. The 15° interval provided sufficient","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"13 1","pages":"68-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.68","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61392941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Form class and its use in estimating sawtimber volume of sugar maple trees.","authors":"R. D. Nyland, Diane H. Kiernan","doi":"10.1093/NJAF/27.2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"75-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61393147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Height-Age Determination Methods for Jack Pine and Black Spruce Plantations Using Stem Analysis Data","authors":"N. Subedi, Mahadev Sharma","doi":"10.1093/NJAF/27.2.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.50","url":null,"abstract":"Tree height at a given age is important information needed to accurately estimate growth rates of trees and assess site quality of forest stands. Height growth can be estimated two ways: by direct measurement and by stem analysis. Direct measurements of height growth can be made either annually or periodically. However, a number of years are required to collect sufficient information to be useful. In contrast, stem analysis is a technique in which tree stems are cut into a number of sections and analyzed to reconstruct tree growth. Stem analysis is preferred for obtaining height‐age information, as it is both quicker and more reliable than direct measurements. Stem analysis involves measuring annual growth rings of each tree section of selected sample trees. Diameter growth and age are determined by measuring the annual ring widths and counting the number of rings, respectively. In most cases, stem sections are cut systematically across the bole, e.g., every 1.5 m (Dyer and Bailey 1987), every 1.0 m (Carmean and Lenthall 1989, Carmean et al. 2001, 2006), or at intervals equal to 10% of total tree height above breast height (Newton and Sharma 2008). Determining tree height at a given age is a challenge faced by many researchers (Carmean 1972, Fabbio et al. 1994), and as a result, a number of assumptions have been made in determining height‐age relationships. For example, Graves (1906) assumed that stems are generally sectioned just above the year’s height growth (terminal bud). He developed the first height‐age prediction algorithm by simply interpolating height growth between two consecutive stem sections to time elapsed between sections. In contrast, Carmean (1972) assumed that stems are usually sectioned in the middle of a year’s height growth when he developed a height‐age prediction method for black (Quercus velutina Lam.), white (Quercus valba L.), scarlet (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.), red (Quercus rubra L.), and chestnut (Quercus prinus L.) oaks from the central United States. Lenhart (1972) modified Carmean’s method to conservatively allocate the proportion of height growth to the growth period. Carmean’s method was further modified by Newberry (1991) to address concerns about underpredicting heights for the tops of trees.","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"50-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/NJAF/27.2.50","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61393164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimum tree size and interpretation of stand structure in uneven-aged northern hardwoods","authors":"M. Janowiak, L. Nagel, C. Webster","doi":"10.1093/NJAF/27.1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/NJAF/27.1.34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"34-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/NJAF/27.1.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61392681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relating ecological properties of habitat types to differences in aspen stand structure and succession for managing timber and wildlife resources","authors":"A. Felix, H. Campa","doi":"10.1093/NJAF/27.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/NJAF/27.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19281,"journal":{"name":"Northern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/NJAF/27.1.13","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61392458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}