GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES最新文献

{"title":"Similar Attitudes Toward Death among Muslims and Christians in Iraq","authors":"D. Ahmed","doi":"10.52095/gpa.2022.4504.1041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52095/gpa.2022.4504.1041","url":null,"abstract":"-----------Abstract Objective: Knowing people’s attitudes towards death is useful in examining people’s level of flexibility, problem management, and self-care. The religious and related cultural background of a person may affect their attitude towards death. The current study evaluated Christian and Muslim respondents’ attitudes towards death in Iraqi society. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 individuals from the two main religious groups (Muslim and Christian) were group-matched for gender, age, marital status, and personal monthly income. The attitude towards death was measured through a death attitude profile-revised questionnaire, and findings were analysed using SPSS version 20 by applying Pearson correlation and central tendencies. Results: Findings revealed that both religions’ followers have no major fear of death and, at the same time, a reasonable approach to acceptance towards death. Overall, religion had no significant effect on participant attitudes towards death, which means both religions’ followers share the same approaches and attitudes towards death. Conclusion: From the current research work, it can be concluded that there is no significant impact of religion on individual attitudes towards death and both religions’ followers have no major death anxiety. Muslims and Christians have reasonably accepting attitudes towards death as indicated by five-dimensional attitudes toward death scores. Future studies should focus on a larger population from different cultures and religious backgrounds to generalise these findings to other populations and cultural settings.","PeriodicalId":192360,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130527034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing and Responding to Suicide Risk in Health Research in Low-Resource Settings: Implementation of a Suicide Response Protocol in Ghana","authors":"E. Lawrence, H. Lawrence, A. Appiah‐Kubi, R. Owusu-Antwi, TO Konney","doi":"10.52095/gpa.2022.4897.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52095/gpa.2022.4897.1048","url":null,"abstract":"-------------Abstract Objective: Risk for suicide is high in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) where over 75% of deaths by suicide occur. So, assessing for suicidal ideation and behaviour and intervening appropriately when conducting research in LMICs is a critical step toward lowering risk for suicide among at-risk research participants. This is important even when conducting non-psy-chiatric research, especially when evaluating high-risk populations such as those experiencing bereavement. In this paper, we address questions that commonly arise as researchers in LMICs consider assessing for suicide risk. Key Considerations: Using expert opinion and review of the literature, we discuss factors to consider when establishing an interdisciplinary research team and effectively assessing for and responding to suicide risk. We pose key questions and responses, using examples from a case study in which our team implemented a suicide assessment and response protocol as part of a research study on maternal mortality in Ghana, a LMIC. Through discussion of this case study, we demonstrate the feasibility and importance of (1) an interdisciplinary research team involving providers from the local community, (2) a practical framework for assessing suicide risk among study participants, and (3) a protocol to respond when risk is indicated. Assessing for suicidal ideation and behaviour and intervening appropriately when conducting research in LMICs is a critical step toward lowering risk for suicide among at-risk research participants. Conclusion: By assessing for risk, appropriate care and follow-up can be provided with the goal of ultimately reducing the likelihood of suicide. To optimise impact, suicide risk protocols should be individualised to the specific setting, language and available resources.","PeriodicalId":192360,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114967355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There is a substantial global burden of perioperative anxiety in the paediatric population – a systematic review","authors":"Iona Minty, Millicent Banks","doi":"10.52095/GP.2021.1181.1014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52095/GP.2021.1181.1014","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Perioperative anxiety is described as an uncomfortable, tense or unpleasant mood at any point in the surgical journey. It can alter the way patients’ deal with the surgical experience and think about surgical treatments in the future. This systematic review aims to investigate the methods of diagnosing perioperative anxiety and assess the prevalence of the condition within the global paediatric population undergoing operations. Materials and methods: The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Checklist (a 27-item checklist to address introduction, methods, results and discussion with a systematic review). Medline and Scopus databases were searched. Two independent reviewers determined which papers were suitable for inclusion. Inclusion was determined by the mention of prevalence of operative-related anxiety, in a population under 18 years old and patients that were undergoing an operation in a hospital setting. Initially, 48 papers were found and, after screening, a total of 12 eligible studies were included. Data was extracted on the method of diagnosis of anxiety, the prevalence of perioperative anxiety, the time of assessment and the age of the cohort. Cochrane bias assessment was used to assess the presence of types of bias in randomised control trials (RCTs) included and the risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions tool in each non-RCTs. Results: 83% (n=10) studies used the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) for diagnosis.¬¬ The overall average prevalence of perioperative anxiety in each paediatric cohort undergoing surgery was 42.1% (95% CI 30.5 - 53.7). There was not sufficient evidence to support a relationship between the age of the patient groups, the time of the anxiety assessment and the prevalence of the perioperative anxiety. third of all children who undergo operations. The vast majority of papers used the mYPAS for diagnosis although there is still some debate about the most appropriate diagnostic tool. Further studies are needed to assess the factors influencing perioperative anxiety and to evaluate the impact of perioperative anxiety on the patient experience and recovery.","PeriodicalId":192360,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127866656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study of prevalence and predictors of psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic among the Indian population","authors":"Vivian Kapil Venugopal, N. Shanmugasundharam, Rohith Khanna Deivasigamani, Ashly Shibu, Mithun Prasad Vivekanandam, R. Somasundaram, Karthikeyan Ms, Sathianathan Ramanathan, R. Rajagopal, Z. Ali, Suresh Kumar Munirathinam","doi":"10.52095/GP.2021.3858.1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52095/GP.2021.3858.1028","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the prevalence of psychological distress and identify the predictors and factors associated with the distress during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic among the Indian population. Materials and methods: An online cross-sectional study with a semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the psychological distress using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among Indians. Descriptive statistics and the prevalence of psychological distress were calculated. A chi-square test was done to find the association between the independent variables and psychological distress. Factors that are significantly associated with psychological distress were further analysed using multiple logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors. Results: 846 responses were obtained with a mean age of 32 years (32.45 ± 11.44). 35% (n=290) had significant psychological distress with a mean GHQ-12 score of 2.37. Factors associated were age (p=0.002), family members having COVID-19 symptoms (p=0.017), lockdown distress (p=0.0001), source of health information (p=0.041), perception that information by social media increased fear (p=0.0001), the likelihood of family contracting COVID-19 (p=0.022), the pattern of food consumption (p=0.0001) and worry about financial burden during lockdown (p=0.0001). By logistic regression analysis, we found increased odds of developing psychological distress among the participants aged less than 40 years (OR=1.49, C.I=1-2.249,p=0.050); people who felt distressed due to the lockdown situation (OR= 2.31, C.I=1.694-3.162, p=0.0001); individuals whose fear increased due to social media information (OR=1.55, C.I= 1.144-2.113, p=0.005) and participants whose food pattern increased during the lockdown period (OR=1.41, C.I=1.035-1.923, p=0.029). Conclusion: Nearly a third of the participants were in a state of psychological distress which transcended topographical barriers with factors such as being less than 40 years of age, accessing health information through social media, a pattern of food consumption being increased and being in the lockdown situation as predictors of psychological distress.","PeriodicalId":192360,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133676065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The socioeconomic burden and disability linked with mental illnesses: findings from the National Mental Health Survey of India 2015-16 in Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Sujita Kumar Kar, E. Sharma, V. Agarwal, S. Singh, P. Dalal, G. Gururaj, G. Rao","doi":"10.52095/GP.2021.3586.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52095/GP.2021.3586.1024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":192360,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133887326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perceived stigma associated with COVID-19: findings from a community survey in India","authors":"Sudha Mishra, S. Kar, Deblina Roy, S. Arafat","doi":"10.52095/GP.2021.4064.1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52095/GP.2021.4064.1029","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Stigma related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be a potential barrier in the prevention of the disease. The current study aimed to measure COVID-19-related stigma among the people of India. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire regarding the socio-demographic background and perceived stigma towards COVID-19, using a convenient sampling technique. Results: A total of 405 responses were received. The respondents’ mean age was 25.6 ±8 years with an age range of 18-76 years, and 52.5% were male. Among the respondents: 60 believed that they would be judged negatively by other people if they disclose their COVID status; 59% believed that if the COVID-19 status of a person is reported to their employer, they are likely to lose their jobs;70% reported that they would feel uncomfortable with patients with COVID-19 infection; 67% thought that developing COVID-19 can make them isolated from society. Conclusion: *Perceived stigma was found in the form of fear of being negatively judged and fear of losing their job after disclosing their COVID-19 status. The study warrants an urgent need for stigma reduction strategies which are focused on education and awareness concerning COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":192360,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122236761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq: An analysis of newspaper reports","authors":"A. Ahmad, A. Saeed, V. Menon, S. Shoib, S. Arafat","doi":"10.52095/GP.2021.3686.1025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52095/GP.2021.3686.1025","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Suicide is a major public health issue that has been under-researched in Iraq, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000Aim: The study aimed to assess the characteristics, methods, and risk factors of suicidal behavior in Iraq during the COVID-19 pandemic. \u0000Methods: We searched the news reports between April and May 2021 on Google using the term “suicide news in Iraq. We included online newspaper reports of suicidal behavior in Iraq that were published from January 2020 to April 2021. \u0000Results: A total of 156 reports was studied. The majority of reports were published in the Arabic language (59%). Among the newspapers, the majority of the reports were published in the Nalia Radio and Television (NRT) and the shafaqnews (11.5% each). The mean age of the suicidal attempts was 27.69 (±13.78) years ranging from 10-65 years. The majority were male (57.7%), married (18%), student (9.6%), and urban habitant (64.74%). Hanging (31.4%), firearms (22.4%), and fall from height were the leading methods of suicide and familial disharmony (12.8%), mental disorder (9.6%), financial constraints (5.1%), marital discord (3.2%), COVID-19 related factors [like being infected, quarantined] (3.2%) were the leading cause of proximally related factors of suicidal attempts. \u0000Conclusion: The present study suggests that of all suicides during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq, the majority are that of young, married, employed males. Furthermore, interpersonal and financial stressors are possible risk factors for suicide in this period.","PeriodicalId":192360,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122941580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of social stigma of COVID-19 with work satisfaction, burnout and fatigue among healthcare workers in Nepal","authors":"Rakesh Singh, M. Subedi, Chandra Bahadur Sunar, S. Pant, Babita Singh, B. Shah, Sharika Mahato","doi":"10.52095/GP.2021.3838.1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52095/GP.2021.3838.1027","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Stigma towards COVID-19 patients has been reported in various media news, including negative behaviour among healthcare workers (HCWs) towards COVID-19 patients, which could affect the professional quality of life for these HCWs. AIMS: We aimed to assess stigma related to COVID-19 patients among HCWs and explore its impact on their professional quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was carried out among 421 HCWs (health assistants 35.6%, nurses 33%, doctors 23.3% and paramedics 8.1% and 52.7% female), working in health facilities in Nepal. The measures included background characteristics, stigma in terms of – discrimination towards COVID-19 patients, acceptance of COVID-19 patients and fear of COVID-19, and professional quality of life in terms of work satisfaction, burnout and fatigue. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilised to analyse the data in SPSSvs20. Results: While around two-thirds of study participants showed a discriminating attitude towards patients with COVID-19, half showed a negative attitude towards acceptance of patients with COVID-19, and a fifth reported fear of COVID-19. Multivariable regression analysis indicated that while the presence of fear of COVID-19 was associated with low satisfaction, low burnout and low fatigue, an attitude of acceptance of COVID-19 patients was also associated with low burnout and low fatigue, and a discriminatory attitude towards COVID-19 patients was associated with only low satisfaction. Conclusion: Strategies directed towards reducing the fear and discrimination towards patients with COVID-19, and enhancing a positive attitude of acceptance of patients among HCWs, in order to enable an environment for reducing their burnout, fatigue and increasing work satisfaction are recommended.","PeriodicalId":192360,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133162790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of executive function, craving and precipitants of relapse in alcohol use disorder: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Zaryab Alam, Sujita Kumar Kar, P. Dalal","doi":"10.52095/GP.2021.3236.1018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52095/GP.2021.3236.1018","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a global health concern. Patients with AUDs often relapse. Various psychosocial factors, as well as cognitive factors, determine relapse. Failure of response inhibition is often associated with relapse. This study aimed to evaluate the association of craving and relapse precipitants with executive function in AUD. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the outpatient setting of a tertiary care hospital in North India (between September 2017 to August 2018) on patients with AUD, who presented with a recent relapse. A total of 46 adult patients with AUD, who relapsed after a quit attempt were enroled in the study. Cross-sectional assessment of relapse precipitants (by using relapse precipitant inventory), craving (by using the obsessive-compulsive drinking scale (OCDS)), and executive function (EF) (by using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)) was done along with various socio-demographic and clinical variables. Results: The mean age of onset of alcohol use was 21.48±4.25years and the mean duration of alcohol use was 15.13±7.70 years. The average number of relapses in the study population was 3.59±2.06. There is a significant positive correlation between a negative mood state (as a relapse precipitant) and total relapse score with craving. There is a significant association of relapse and craving with deficits of EF (perseverative and non-perseverative errors). Similarly, lessened cognitive vigilance also significantly correlate with EF deficits resulting in a relapse of AUD. Conclusion: There is a close association of craving, and relapse with deficits of EF, in AUD. Craving and relapse in AUD may be the result of deficits in EF. Future research addressing the cognitive deficits may help in the prevention of craving and relapse.","PeriodicalId":192360,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122957474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-based models for augmenting media reporting of suicide: challenges and opportunities","authors":"R. Ransing, V. Menon, S. Kar, S. Arafat","doi":"10.52095/GP.2021.3037.1017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52095/GP.2021.3037.1017","url":null,"abstract":"The sensationalised and harmful content of media reporting of suicide is a modifiable risk factor for suicide and suicidal behaviour. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) has published guidelines for responsible media reporting of suicide to prevent suicide contagion, the uptake of these recommendations across media outlets remains limited due to several barriers such as the motivation of stakeholders, inadequate training of media personnel, and a lack of real-time monitoring by the government. In this report, we suggest that artificial intelligence (AI) based models, can be used to address barriers to guideline adherence and improve the quality of media reporting. It is our understanding that the development and implementation of AI-based models or tools can assist in improving adherence to suicide reporting guidelines. We propose a hybrid model that incorporates steps that can be taken at different levels of the media news communication cycle. The algorithmic approach can help in simultaneously processing large amounts of data while also facilitating the design of article structures and placement of key information recommended by media reporting guidelines. The potential benefits of the AI-based model to the various stakeholders and the challenges in implementation are discussed. Given the positioning of responsible media reporting of suicide as a key population-level suicide prevention strategy, efforts should be made to develop and evaluate AI-based models for improving the quality of media reporting in different national or international settings.","PeriodicalId":192360,"journal":{"name":"GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125873323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}