E. Schuitema, Daan G. E. Hobbelen, P. Jonker, M. Wisse, J. Karssen
{"title":"Using a controller based on reinforcement learning for a passive dynamic walking robot","authors":"E. Schuitema, Daan G. E. Hobbelen, P. Jonker, M. Wisse, J. Karssen","doi":"10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573573","url":null,"abstract":"One of the difficulties with passive dynamic walking is the stability of walking. In our robot, small uneven or tilted parts of the floor disturb the locomotion and must be dealt with by the feedback controller of the hip actuation mechanism. This paper presents a solution to the problem in the form of controller that is based on reinforcement learning. The control mechanism is studied using a simulation model that is based on a mechanical prototype of passive dynamic walking robot with a conventional feedback controller. The successful walking results of our simulated walking robot with a controller based on reinforcement learning showed that in addition to the prime principle of our mechanical prototype, new possibilities such as optimization towards various goals like maximum speed and minimal cost of transport, and adaptation to unknown situations can be quickly found","PeriodicalId":192337,"journal":{"name":"5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2005.","volume":"463 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122166157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time stereo facial feature tracking: mimicking human mouth movement on a humanoid robot head","authors":"Sabri Gurbuz, Toshihiro Shimizu, G. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573594","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe a novel real-time stereo facial feature tracking algorithm in presence of geometry and illumination changes. The algorithm is applied to real-time human-humanoid interactions. First, facial feature tracking algorithm locates the facial landmarks such as eyes with the left camera. Then, matching the between the eye pattern on stereo images, the horopter of the head location is estimated for fast stereo disparity processing. Thus, as a result, knowing the disparity and calibration parameters of stereo cameras, not only make it possible to track features in 3D, but also makes tracking more robust. We demonstrate the developed stereo tracking system through a human to humanoid robot mouth mimicking task","PeriodicalId":192337,"journal":{"name":"5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2005.","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122440308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Diftler, Joshua S. Mehling, Philip Strawser, William R. Doggett, Ivan M. Spain
{"title":"A space construction humanoid","authors":"M. Diftler, Joshua S. Mehling, Philip Strawser, William R. Doggett, Ivan M. Spain","doi":"10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573551","url":null,"abstract":"A mobile humanoid robot is reconfiguring NASA modular truss structures at the Johnson Space Center. Until recently these structures could only be effectively manipulated by human hands or by robots with specialized end effectors. This humanoid robot, Robonaut, designed to assist astronauts during space walks, has been upgraded to tackle the precision constrained tasks associated with truss assembly and disassembly. An overview of construction tasks with reconfigurable truss systems is presented along with the associated challenges these systems present to humanoid robots. Advances in Robonaut's capabilities that address these challenges are described and include: a grip surface augmentation to Robonaut's gloves that provides a close approximation to the latest astronaut gloves ensuring a secure grasp during truss coupler manipulation, a set of force controller parameters tuned to maintain stable contact and minimize loads on the truss structure, and a shared control strategy that divides the Cartesian control of Robonaut's hands between the teleoperator and the robot's on-board controller to minimize human workload during constrained tasks. Results of the reconfiguration tests are presented along with potential areas for future automation","PeriodicalId":192337,"journal":{"name":"5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128714468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re-using schematic grasping policies","authors":"Robert Platt, R. Grupen, A. Fagg","doi":"10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573559","url":null,"abstract":"It can be difficult to generalize the solutions to grasping and manipulation problems because even small differences in problem context can require qualitatively different solutions. For example, small changes in the shape of an object to be grasped can necessitate different grasp strategies. In this paper, we introduce the action schema framework that represents generalized skills in a functional way such that all viable ways of accomplishing a task are represented as instantiations of the generalized skill. We also propose an on-line algorithm for learning how to instantiate the skill in a context-appropriate way. We test this approach with a robotic grocery bagging task where a dexterous humanoid robot learns to make correct qualitative decisions regarding how to grasp everyday grocery items and drop them in a paper bag","PeriodicalId":192337,"journal":{"name":"5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2005.","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121655691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical design of humanoid robot platform KHR-3 (KAIST Humanoid Robot 3: HUBO)","authors":"Ill-Woo Park, Jung-Yup Kim, Jungho Lee, Jun-Ho Oh","doi":"10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573587","url":null,"abstract":"KHR-I has been developed on the purpose of research about biped walking. It has 21 DOF without hands and head, which has 12 DOF in legs, 1 DOF in torso, and 8 DOF in arms. The objective of KHR-2 (41 DOF) was to develop the humanoid which can walk on the living-floor with human-like appearance and movement. KHR-3 has the purpose that it has more human-like features, movements and human-friendly character. Mechanical design of KHR-3 is presented on this paper. The design concept, lower body design, upper body design and actuator selection of joints are included in this paper. We have developed and published KHR-I and 2 in last three years. KHR3 platform is based on KHR-2. It has 41 degree of freedom (DOF), 125 cm height, and 55 kg weight. The differences from KHR-2 are mechanical stiffness and detailed design of the frame in the mechanical point of view. Stiffness of the frame is increased and detailed design about joints and link frame has been modified or redesigned. We introduced exterior art design concept on KHR-2 in beginning, and the concept has been implemented on KHR-3 in mechanical design stage","PeriodicalId":192337,"journal":{"name":"5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2005.","volume":"45 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131294507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How do humans turn? Head and body movements for the steering of locomotion Halim Hicheur and Alain Berthoz","authors":"Halim Hicheur, A. Berthoz","doi":"10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573578","url":null,"abstract":"Turning in humans represents a greater challenge than straight ahead walking in terms of postural control. Indeed, when steering along a curved path humans have to adapt their locomotor pattern by taking into account centrifugal acceleration, which tends to keep their bodies along a straight trajectory. Many observations have been reported with respect to changes in the locomotor pattern between straight and curved walking, at the level of the lower limbs (legs) coordination. In this study, we investigated how head and body movements are coordinated for the steering of the whole body along a curved path or a straight path (control condition). We manipulated two factors - walking speed and path curvature - in order to analyze how centrifugal acceleration affects locomotor control at the level of upper limbs movement. Head and body orientation relative to walking direction were found to be determined both by biomechanical factors (induced by stepping activity) and geometrical features of the path. However, with increasing centrifugal acceleration, only geometrical constraint remains and head and body were rigidly oriented in advance of the future walking direction, independently of the stepping activity. Walking speed condition did significantly affect maximal, minimal as well as amplitude of head and body deviation during straight walking, but not during turning. Our observations are discussed within the general framework of biological motion control and some suggestions are proposed for the implementation of these experimental observations for the design of humanoids robots","PeriodicalId":192337,"journal":{"name":"5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2005.","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123795092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A modular architecture for humanoid robot navigation","authors":"Jens-Steffen Gutmann, Masaki Fukuchi, M. Fujita","doi":"10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573540","url":null,"abstract":"We present a three level architecture for humanoid robot navigation. The perception layer creates a 2D environment model from range data and foot step information and classifies areas into one of six different types. The control layer is organized into behavior modules each representing different motion capabilities of the robot. Based on the environment classification, a suitable sequence of actions is selected for navigating the robot to a goal location. On the planning layer, collision-free paths are searched on the environment map and provided to the control layer. The system is modular as behaviors can be added and removed. We verify our approach on Sony's QRIO robot and present experimental results in an environment containing stairs, a table, and obstacles of different height","PeriodicalId":192337,"journal":{"name":"5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2005.","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134107710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Walters, K. Dautenhahn, K. Koay, C. Kaouri, I. T. Boekhorst, Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, I. Werry, David Lee
{"title":"Close encounters: spatial distances between people and a robot of mechanistic appearance","authors":"M. Walters, K. Dautenhahn, K. Koay, C. Kaouri, I. T. Boekhorst, Chrystopher L. Nehaniv, I. Werry, David Lee","doi":"10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573608","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results from two empirical exploratory studies of human-robot interaction in the context of an initial encounter with a robot of mechanistic appearance. The first study was carried out with groups of children, and the second with single adults. The analysis concentrates on the personal space zones and initial distances between robot and humans, the context of the encounters and the human's perception of the robot as a social being. We discuss the results of these observations and analyses, and also compare the child and adult data. The child groups showed a dominant response to prefer the 'social zone' distance, comparable to distances people adopt when talking to other humans. From the single adult studies a small majority preferred the 'personal zone', reserved for talking to friends. However, significant minorities deviate from this pattern. Implications for future work are discussed","PeriodicalId":192337,"journal":{"name":"5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2005.","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127116526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Michel, Joel E. Chestnutt, J. Kuffner, T. Kanade
{"title":"Vision-guided humanoid footstep planning for dynamic environments","authors":"P. Michel, Joel E. Chestnutt, J. Kuffner, T. Kanade","doi":"10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573538","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the stable walking capabilities of modern biped humanoid robots, their ability to autonomously and safely navigate obstacle-filled, unpredictable environments has so far been limited. We present an approach to autonomous humanoid walking that combines vision-based sensing with a footstep planner, allowing the robot to navigate toward a desired goal position while avoiding obstacles. An environment map including the robot, goal, and obstacle locations is built in real-time from vision. The footstep planner then computes an optimal sequence of footstep locations within a time-limited planning horizon. Footstep plans are reused and only partially recomputed as the environment changes during the walking sequence. In our experiments, combining real-time vision with plan reuse has allowed a Honda ASIMO humanoid robot to autonomously traverse dynamic environments containing unpredictably moving obstacles","PeriodicalId":192337,"journal":{"name":"5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2005.","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127716926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Chalodhorn, David B. Grimes, Gabriel Y. Maganis, Rajesh P. N. Rao
{"title":"Learning dynamic humanoid motion using predictive control in low dimensional subspaces","authors":"R. Chalodhorn, David B. Grimes, Gabriel Y. Maganis, Rajesh P. N. Rao","doi":"10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573570","url":null,"abstract":"Imitation of complex human motion by a humanoid robot has long been recognized as an important problem in robotics. The problem is particularly difficult when body dynamics such as balance and stability must be taken into account during imitation. In this paper we present a framework applicable to the problem of imitating an input motion while simultaneously considering dynamic motion stability. Our framework leverages two main components. Firstly, dimensionality reduction techniques allow for efficient and compact state and control signal representations. Secondly, a learning-based predictive control architecture generates novel motions optimizing over expected sensory signals. We demonstrate results on modifying an input walking gait which allows for both faster and more stable walking","PeriodicalId":192337,"journal":{"name":"5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2005.","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124882685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}