New Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"Plant records","authors":"","doi":"10.1179/2042348915Z.00000000074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/2042348915Z.00000000074","url":null,"abstract":"Records for publication must be submitted to the appropriate Vice-county Recorder (see BSBI Year Book), and not to the Editors. Following publication of the New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora and the Vicecounty Census Catalogue, new criteria have been drawn up for the inclusion of records in Plant Records. (See BSBI News no. 95, January 2004 pp10 & 11). These are outlined below: First records of all taxa (species, subspecies and hybrids) included in the VCCC, designated as native, archaeophyte, neophyte or casual. N First record since 1970 of the taxa above, except in the case of Rubus, Hieracium and Taraxacum. N Records demonstrating the rediscovery of all taxa published as extinct in the VCCC or subsequently. N Newly reported definite extinctions. N Deletions from the VCCC (e.g. through the discovery of errors, the redetermination of specimens etc.) NB – only those errors affecting VCCC entry. N New 10km square records for Rare and Scarce plants, defined as those species in the New Atlas mapped in the British Isles in 100 10km squares or fewer. (See BSBI News no. 95, January 2004 pp. 36-43). Records for the subdivisions of vice-counties will not be treated separately; they must therefore be records for the vice-county as a whole. However, records will be accepted for the major islands in v.cc. 100, 102-104, 110 and 113. In the following list, records are arranged in the order given in the List of Vascular Plants of the British Isles and its supplements byD.H.Kent (1992). Nomenclature and taxonomy also follow this list except where changes have been made in the 3 edition of theNew Flora of the British Isles by C. A. Stace, in which cases, the changed names have been used. The Ordnance Survey national grid reference follows the habitat and locality. With the exception of collectors’ initials, herbarium abbreviations are those used in British and Irish Herbaria by D. H. Kent & D. E. Allen (1984). Records are field records if no other source is stated. For allrecords, ‘det.’ or ‘conf.’ appear after the herbarium if the determination was based on material already in an institutional herbarium, otherwise before the herbarium. The following signs are used: * before the vice-county number: to indicate a new vice-county record. { before the species number: to indicate that the plant is an archaeophyte. ‡ before the species number: to indicate that the plant is a neophyte. E before the species number: to indicate that the plant is a casual. The above 3 signs may also used before the vice-county number to indicate the status of the plant in that vice-county. w before the vice-county number: to indicate that this is an additional hectad for a Rare or Scarce plant. Ø at end of entry: established taxon not in Vice-County Census Catalogue. Name of authority provided. [ ] enclosing a previously published record: to indicate that that record should be deleted or changed. Records are now published in two separate sections – 1) NATIVES (including archaeophyte","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"1 1","pages":"59 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88181671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First record of an Antidote Vine Seed Fevillea cordifolia (Cucurbitaceae) from UK and north-western European waters","authors":"D. Quigley, P. Gainey","doi":"10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract On 8 October 2000, a single intact seed of Fevillea cordifolia L. was found stranded at Perranporth (SW760570), north Cornwall. The specimen represents the first known record of F. cordifolia from UK and NW European waters.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"68 1","pages":"176 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73783547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scanning electron micrographs of leaves of British Carex species, 3. Subgenus Carex: sections Vesicariae, Carex, Pseudocyperae, Limosae and Phacocystis","authors":"M. Proctor, M. Bradshaw","doi":"10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This part of our series includes about a third of the large and varied subgenus Carex. The sections included are related both in terms of general anatomy and morphology (including leaf-surface characters), and in DNA sequence data. Most are plants of wet habitats. Generally, the sections appear natural on leaf characters except for Carex where C. hirta and C. lasiocarpa have very different leaves. However, all of the species are distinctive in leaf-surface or leaf-section characters. In section Vesicariae, C. vesicaria and C. saxatilis are hypostomous and have smooth surfaces but differ in leaf section, and C. rostrata differs from both in having the stomata predominantly on the upper, papillose surface. In section Limosae, C. limosa has prominent papillae on both surfaces; in C. magellanica, the upper surface is smoother and the lower surface has shorter papillae; C. rariflora differs from both in having amphistomous leaves. These three species all have distinctive stomata. Section Phacocystis is variable in stature, leaf-surface ornamentation, and stomatal distribution, and prone to hybridisation, but has rather uniform and characteristic stomata. Some species are well circumscribed, although variable, e.g. C. aquatilis, C. bigelowii, C. elata, C. acuta, C. cespitosa, and C. nigra. Carex salina appears to consist of a single amphistomous genotype; C. recta is variable in stomatal distribution and seemingly consists of a hybrid swarm which makes its circumscription hard to define.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"68 1","pages":"154 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81462047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and genome weight of Symphyotrichum species (Asteraceae) along rivers in The Netherlands","authors":"G. M. Dirkse, H. Duistermaat, B. Zonneveld","doi":"10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The characters used in separating Symphyotrichum species naturalised along rivers in Western Europe (leaf bases more or less clasping, length of outer phyllaries relative to inner ones, hairiness of leaves) hardly apply to the plants found in the wild. We present morphological and cytometric data on 88 plants of Symphyotrichum from riversides in The Netherlands and adjacent Germany, in order to understand better the taxonomy of these plants. Ploidy was inferred from 2C-values obtained by flow cytometry. Inferred tetraploid plants with relatively deeply lobed disc florets (mean lobe/limb ratio >50%), relatively few florets per head (<40), disc florets usually <4 mm, and small flowering heads are referred to S. ontarionis (Wiegand) G.L. Nesom. Inferred hexaploids and octoploids with relatively deeply lobed disc florets (mean lobe/limb ratio >50%) and relatively many florets per head (>50) are referred to S. aff. lateriflorum (L.) Á. Löve & D. Löve. Inferred hexaploids and octoploids with a disc floret lobe/limb ratio <50% are named S. lanceolatum (Willd.) G.L. Nesom. Usually these plants have large flowering heads (to 3·6 cm in diameter) with >45 florets. Putative hybrids, comprising inferred pentaploids and heptaploids, are morphologically more or less intermediate between their parent species.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"32 1","pages":"134 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81761477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hieracium attenboroughianum (Asteraceae), a new species of hawkweed","authors":"T. Rich","doi":"10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000051","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Hieracium attenboroughianum is described from the Brecon Beacons, Wales. It is a member of the H. britannicum group in Hieracium section Stelligera Zahn, related to H. britannicoides P. D. Sell but differing in cupped, dark green leaves and sparse, medium simple eglandular hairs and many glandular hairs on the involucral bracts. About 300 plants occur on Old Red Sandstone mountain ledges on Cribyn (V.c. 42). It is named after David Attenborough. It is classified under the IUCN Threat Category ‘Endangered’.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"28 1","pages":"172 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80905308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of local environment and population origin on some reproductive traits of Nardus stricta (Poaceae) in the Scottish Highlands","authors":"G. R. Miller, R. Cummins","doi":"10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nardus stricta L is widespread in species-poor grassland on acidic soils throughout Scotland. Its wide altitudinal, latitudinal and longitudinal range enables a study of how plant reproductive performance is influenced by variation in the climatic environment. The aim of this study was to establish whether any such changes in reproductive performance are attributable to direct environmental effects or to genetic differentiation between populations. The investigation involved field observations, germination tests with seeds of diverse provenance, and the transplantation of tillers sourced from low (<500 m) and high (>900 m) altitudes into planting sites located at low and at high altitude. Geographic variation in fecundity was evident, with seed germinability declining markedly with increasing altitude and oceanicity of origin. Reciprocal transplantation showed that the number of flowering spikes, spike maturation, seed germinability, and seed production per plant were all strongly influenced by the growing environment. Transplantation also showed that plants were adapted to their altitude of origin in that they exhibited significant home-site advantages. Hence, at the low-altitude planting site, the fecundity of transplants from low altitude greatly exceeded that of those from high altitude. At the high-altitude site, the high-altitude transplants flowered better and matured earlier than did their low-altitude counterparts. Yet their fecundity did not differ because infertility was prevalent in the plants sourced from high altitude. This, coupled with the established agamospermy of N. stricta, suggests that gene exchange in high-altitude populations may be very restricted, thus constraining the plant’s ability to adapt to environmental change.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"5 1","pages":"143 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88662581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bumblebee-mediated pollination of English populations of the Military Orchid (Orchis militaris): its possible relevance to functional morphology, life history and climate change","authors":"R. Bateman, P. Rudall","doi":"10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Opportunistic observations of the longest-standing British population of Orchis militaris L. suggest that bumblebees (Bombus spp.) may have become the primary pollinators of the orchid at the site. We document pollination by (female) workers of B. pratorum and males of the brood parasite B. vestalis. Placement of the pollinaria on the bodies of the bees varied greatly, presumably reducing the bees’ efficiency as pollinators due to (a) delayed contact of pollinaria with stigma (increasing the frequency of geitonogamy), (b) failure to contact any stigma due to misplacement, or (c) failure to contact any stigma due to rapid removal of the pollinaria by the bee. However, suboptimal pollinarium placement may be compensated for by the comparative determination shown by the bees in exploring both flowers and inflorescences. Recent environmental change has reduced bumblebee diversity in Europe, survival favouring species with short tongues that correspond in length with the (non-rewarding) labellar spur of O. militaris. We conclude that models of pollination ecology should consider the caste and life history of the relevant insect and, given the involvement of a brood parasite in the present study, should extend beyond the immediate plant and pollinator to consider other elements of the relevant ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"130 1","pages":"122 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79608370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boreal plant decline in southern Sweden during the twentieth century","authors":"S. Sundberg","doi":"10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the 1900s, land use changes and pollution were the main drivers of species abundance changes. A warmer climate is predicted to become increasingly influential during the present century and its effect is already well documented in arctic and alpine ecosystems, while there is less evidence in the boreal region. In this study, repeated surveys were used from three south-Swedish provinces (Skåne, Bohuslän, and Uppland), situated in the boreo-nemoral or northern nemoral vegetation zones, to explore changes in 81 boreal vascular plant taxa during mainly the latter half of the twentieth century. The changes were evaluated at grid cell resolutions of 5 or 2·5 km. To detect underlying patterns and mechanisms, frequency changes were tested against e.g. plant height and Ellenberg’s indicator values in linear regressions and ANOVAs. Boreal taxa showed a general decrease, with 70 significant decreases and 11 increases of 145 taxon × province combinations. Median annual decrease rates across species ranged from 0·2 to 1·8% among provinces. Two main patterns emerged: (1) low growing plants decreased more than taller plants; and (2) boreal taxa tended to decrease more towards their rear (southern) edge of distribution. Small boreal plants seem especially vulnerable, probably because they are sensitive to land use changes, including increased fertility, ceased management of semi-natural grasslands, and ceased water logging stress, which favour tall, competitive species. Obvious climate change effects appear subordinate hitherto, but small boreal plants still need special care to persist in their southern realms during the twenty-first century.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"47 1","pages":"76 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74996075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Atkinson discriminant function a reliable method for distinguishing between Betula pendula and B. pubescens (Betulaceae)?","authors":"N. Wang, J. Borrell, R. J. Buggs","doi":"10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Betula pendula and B. pubescens are common tree species of Europe that differ in ploidy level. A continuum of morphological variation between the two species makes them hard to differentiate in the field. The Atkinson Discriminant Function (ADF), based on leaf shape, was proposed in 1986 as a metric to distinguish them and has since become a standard approach. Here, we test this method on 944 trees sampled across Britain against species’ discriminations made using twelve microsatellite loci. The ADF misidentified six of 780 B. pubescens trees and 28 of 164 B. pendula trees. This success rate of 96·4% is higher than that found by Atkinson & Codling (1986) based on a smaller sample for which chromosomes had been counted. The success rate can be raised to 97·5% by using an ADF of −2 rather than zero as the boundary line between the species. With this improvement, error rates of over 10% occur for trees with ADF ranging from −11 to +3. We found no evidence for hybrid origin of the majority of trees misidentified by the ADF.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"201 1","pages":"90 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76995730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vallisneria spiralis and Egeria densa (Hydrocharitaceae) in arctic and subarctic Iceland","authors":"P. Wąsowicz, E. Przedpelska-Wasowicz, L. Guðmundsdóttir, Mariana Tamayo","doi":"10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/2042349714Y.0000000043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report the spread of two aquatic invasive plants, Vallisneria spiralis L. and Egeria densa Planch., into geothermal ponds in Iceland. These species are effective invaders due to their efficient dispersal, vegetative reproduction, high biomass production, and popularity in the aquarium trade. V. spiralis and E. densa were found in 2013 in a man-made pond near Husavik in northern Iceland. E. densa also occurs, at least since 2004, in southern Iceland, in Opnur Springs. Both species were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Our results indicate that V. spiralis and E. densa have established self-sustaining populations in Iceland, representing to date the northern-most confirmed occurrences of both species. These Icelandic populations extend the northern limit of E.densa and V. spiralis by at least 1000 km and, to our knowledge, are the first records of non-native invasive aquatic plants in the arctic and subarctic. Our study shows that geothermally heated water bodies can further facilitate the spread of aquatic invasive plants into arctic and subarctic areas.","PeriodicalId":19229,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Botany","volume":"5 1","pages":"85 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85317434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}