{"title":"Ocean Temperature Changes and Sea Level Changes","authors":"Nils Axel Mörner","doi":"10.31031/eimbo.2020.03.000568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/eimbo.2020.03.000568","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal expansion and contraction affect the ocean surface level. With the installation of the ARGO temperature measurements in 2004, we now have high-precision records of the changes in temperature both in horizontal and vertical dimension. In the Equatorial region (30 °N-30 °S) there has been a warming of about 0.25 °C in the uppermost 50-70m. This would rise sea level by about 1.2mm. In the Arctic region (55 °N-65 °N) there has been a cooling of about 0.20 °C in the upper 1400m. This would lower sea level by about 4.9cm. This invalidates previous global thermal expansion estimates.","PeriodicalId":192292,"journal":{"name":"Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129257711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seasonal Abundance and Species Composition of Cetacean Caught as By-Catch by Artisanal Driftnet Off the Niger Delta Nigeria","authors":"Justina A Obienu","doi":"10.31031/eimbo.2020.03.000566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/eimbo.2020.03.000566","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 315 dolphins were captured as by-catch, during the 575 fishing trips between 2017 and 2018, in two-landing sites (Imbikiri, Bayelsa State and Finima River State) offshore the Niger Delta Nigeria. The catches which consisted of 6 different species of cetacean , the short-beaked common dolphin ( Delphinus delphis ), the Risso’s dolphin ( Grampus griseus ), the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ), the Atlantic spotted dolphin ( Stenella frontalis ), Fraser’s dolphin ( Lagenodelphis hosei ). and the Long beak dolphin ( Delphinus Capensis ). The rainy season (April to August) recorded higher Cetacean catches than during the dry season (January, February, March, October, November and December). The short beaked dolphin ( Delphinus delphis), was the most abundant (over 56%) during dry and wet seasons while the least abundant was Risso dolphin ( Grampus griseus ) about 6% during the dry and wet seasons. The variable seasonal abundance and species composition of cetacean observed in this study could provide benchmarks for the sustainability of cetacean species abundance and variability in the Niger Delta and more so in the Gulf of Guinea.","PeriodicalId":192292,"journal":{"name":"Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography","volume":"244 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121875975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Importance of Environmental Management Systems in Ensuring Continual Environmental Protection in Offshore Upstream Oil and Gas Industry","authors":"O. A. Dahab","doi":"10.31031/eimbo.2020.03.000565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/eimbo.2020.03.000565","url":null,"abstract":"The present work highlights the importance and benefits of establishing and implementing Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in offshore upstream oil and gas industry. It focuses on the priorities in pollution prevention and summarizes the pollution prevention model together with its associated selection process. It also delineates the environmental management system main elements and steps in view of ISO 14001 and how they can be used to achieve continual environmental protection in offshore upstream oil and gas industry.","PeriodicalId":192292,"journal":{"name":"Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography","volume":"94 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127982944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maximum Sustainable Yield, Maximum Economic Yield and Sustainability in Fisheries","authors":"Ernesto A Chávez","doi":"10.31031/eimbo.2020.03.000561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/eimbo.2020.03.000561","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":192292,"journal":{"name":"Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129665921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Segments and Gaps in Tide Gauge Records","authors":"Nils Axel Mörner","doi":"10.31031/eimbo.2019.03.000560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/eimbo.2019.03.000560","url":null,"abstract":"The word “segment” in sea level analyses has been differently used. Mörner [1-3] used it to denote segments of sea level changes that had to be characterized individually-in contrast to linear trends ignoring the observational records. Because tide gauges in Mumbai and in Visakhapatnam located on opposed sites of the Deccan Plateau record the same four-parted segments, I interpreted these segments as records of eustatic changes (Figure 1). Parker [4,5], on the other hand, used segmentation to denote interruptions and gaps in the tide-gauge recording.","PeriodicalId":192292,"journal":{"name":"Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122103534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Rarely Witnessed Summertime Upwelling Event northwest off the Hainan Island","authors":"A. Pan, Fangfang Kuang, Kai Li, Xu Dong","doi":"10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-6287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-6287","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 <p>A field survey revealed a rare realization of upwelling event in the northwestern Hainan Island (UNWHI) on July 24, 2015. Model experiments suggest that the UNWHI is not locally generated, but can be treated as northward extension of the upwelling southwest off Hainan Island (USWHI) under favorable wind conditions. Therefore, presence of the USWHI is vital for the UNWHI occurrence. Tidal mixing is testified to be the primary driving force for the USWHI, whilst southerly winds plays an essential role in the induction of the UNWHI. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the UNWHI is not a stable, but intermittent coastal upwelling system. Shallow basin of the Beibu Gulf makes the interior circulation vulnerable to local monsoon changes. Given the favorable southerly winds, a cyclonic gyre northwest off Hainan Island will be induced and which, leads to northward coastal current and consequently, the UNWHI is to be formed due to the northward transport of the USWHI. Conversely, the UNWHI vanishes during northerly winds period, because the basin-scale anticyclonic gyre results in a southward current west off the Hainan Island and which, acts to push the upwelled water of the USWHI offshore and away from the northwestern Hainan Island. In addition, our diagnostics indicates that contributions from surface heat fluxes to the UNWHI occurrence is negligible. Besides, it also reminds us that application of a high-frequency, much closer to reality wind field is necessary for the coastal upwelling simulation. </p>\u0000","PeriodicalId":192292,"journal":{"name":"Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134491282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}