Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Early Life Exposures and Risky Sexual Behaviors among Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study in Ghana.","authors":"Prince Osei Akumiah, Joseph Ngmenesegre Suglo, Silas Yenbon Sebire","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_100_20","DOIUrl":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_100_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) are behaviors that could result in unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. These behaviors are often initiated during adolescence, and the frequency of engagement in such behaviors rises with increasing age during the teenage years. It has been asserted that exposures to sexual materials early in life could lead to early sex debut among adolescents.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the early life exposures contributing to RSBs among basic school pupils in the Twifo Praso District of Ghana.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Three hundred and sixty basic school pupils were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that 64.4% of the respondents have had sexual intercourse at a mean age of 13.7 years. Respondents from polygamous homes were more likely to engage in earlier sexual debut than those from monogamous home (<i>r</i> = 0.0343, <i>P</i> = 0.003). Furthermore, having a high number of friends who have had sex was associated with an early sexual debut (<i>r</i> = 0.720, <i>P</i> = 0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adolescents are initiating sexual intercourse very early in life and this calls for customized reproductive health promotion activities aimed at minimizing risky sexual behaviors. Further studies on how parent-child sexual communication could delay sexual debut are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 4","pages":"189-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/53/d8/NMJ-61-189.PMC7688025.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38343038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unrecognized Respiratory Morbidity among Adolescents and Young Adults in Nigeria: Implications for Future Health Outcomes.","authors":"Obianuju B Ozoh,&nbsp;Joy N Eze,&nbsp;Olufunke O Adeyeye,&nbsp;Ojiebun Eromosele,&nbsp;Sandra K Dede,&nbsp;Chizalu I Ndukwu,&nbsp;Richard Van Zyl-Smit","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_36_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_36_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung function impairment is a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. Unrecognized respiratory morbidity may be a missed opportunity to improve future health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the relationship to spirometry abnormalities and respiratory diagnosis among medical students in Lagos, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study among students aged 16-35 years. We assessed frequency of respiratory symptoms, previous respiratory diagnosis, and spirometry abnormalities. The relationship between respiratory symptoms, spirometry pattern, and previous respiratory diagnosis was determined using the Chi-square test and stepwise forward logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 640 participants, 464 (72.5%) performed good quality spirometry tests. Two hundred and forty-four (52.6%) had at least one respiratory symptom. Preexisting conditions were only identified in 60 (12.9%): 49 (7.7%) asthma, 29 (4.5%) allergic rhinitis, 16 (2.5%) treated tuberculosis, and 8 (1.3%) bronchitis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Using the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) lung function predicted values, obstructive (8.4%) and restrictive abnormalities (25.4%) were common. An obstructive pattern was associated with previous diagnosis of asthma, but there was no significant association for the restrictive spirometry pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among otherwise healthy students, respiratory symptoms and lung function abnormalities are common. The vast majority are without a formal diagnosis. Asthma accounted for the majority of obstructive spirometry pattern seen, but the restrictive abnormalities based on GLI equations remain unexplained. Further research is required to determine the cause of these abnormalities and long-term implications in apparently healthy young individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 4","pages":"210-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9f/2b/NMJ-61-210.PMC7688032.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38681490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Care of the Sick Newborn in a Cottage Hospital Level in a Developing Country.","authors":"Emmanuel E Ekanem, Akinwumi O Fajola, Adedapo B Ande, Gloria O Ikeagwu, Tamunoibim E Anidima, Chidozie N Umejiego, Rakiya Usman","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_162_19","DOIUrl":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_162_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neonatal morbidity and mortality are high in Nigeria. The establishment of more centers that could offer adequate management of high-risk pregnancies and neonates is essential.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study seeks to describe sick newborn care at the cottage hospital level in Southern Nigeria with the aim of drawing lessons that may be useful to similar environments.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A description of facility upgrading and staff training in perinatal care at a public-private partnership cottage hospital with a robust community health insurance scheme in Nigeria is made. A retrospective descriptive study of the morbidity and outcomes of admitted neonates in the facility between March 2016 and February 2017 was made.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 3630 babies born in the facility (302 per month), 189 were admitted, yielding an admission rate of 52.1/1000 live births. The main morbidities were neonatal hypoglycemia (32.4%), preterm low-birth weight (24.9%), neonatal sepsis (22.8%), and neonatal jaundice (12.7%). Sixteen of the 109 neonates died giving a mortality rate of 8.5%. The main causes of deaths were birth asphyxia (7 or 43.8%), meconium aspiration (6 or 37.5%), and congenital malformation (3 or 18.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendations: </strong>The neonatal admission and mortality rates are quite low in this cottage hospital and similar to the situation even in developed environments. This salutary scenario is probably due to good antenatal and perinatal care, and a robust community health insurance scheme which enhances services uptake and public-private partnership which engenders infrastructure expansion and maintenance. This model is recommended for the hospitals in our region.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 4","pages":"206-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/8a/NMJ-61-206.PMC7688024.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38681498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Health-care Research and Its Challenges among Medical Doctors in Nigeria.","authors":"Musliu Adetola Tolani,&nbsp;Muhammed Ahmed,&nbsp;Rufus Wale Ojewola,&nbsp;Abdullahi Abdulwahab-Ahmed,&nbsp;Abubakar Abdulkadir,&nbsp;Timothy Uzoma Mbaeri,&nbsp;John Raphael,&nbsp;Terkaa Atim,&nbsp;Akanbi Abdulwahab Ajape,&nbsp;Samaila Ibrahim Shuaibu,&nbsp;Usman Mohammed Tela,&nbsp;Ahmad Tijjani Lawal,&nbsp;Oyelowo Nasir,&nbsp;Hussaini Yusuf Maitama","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_46_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_46_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Health-care research in Nigeria has been growing over the years but is constrained by many difficulties. This study aimed to identify the challenges encountered in health-care research and suggest policies to address these problems.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>It was a cross-sectional study of medical doctors who have been involved in health-related researches. All participants filled a self-administered online questionnaire comprising 31 questions in five sections. The responses were analyzed using the Google forms and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 23.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the study participants was 41.0 ± 8.4 years. Three-quarters of the respondents (75.5%) worked in teaching hospitals. Nearly all (96.6%) carried out their studies using personal funds and only one in 10 had been involved in high-budget projects (≥₦1,000,000). The generation of quality researches was impeded by the restriction of literature review to free online journals (93.2%), incomplete health records (88.0%), limited access to research kits (65.7%), limited use of advanced statistical analysis (29.8%), and challenges with obtaining ethical approval (21.2%). Despite the average online visibility of these researches (52.2%), only 28.5% stated that it has been locally adopted to influence medical practice in their center.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a wide disparity in research capacity among hospital tiers. It is important to leverage on and expand existing partnerships to provide institutional access to premium literature, offer robust, and assessable financial support for the conduct of high-quality researches and provide a framework to bridge the gap in the use of these works to influence practice change in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 4","pages":"218-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/26/b7/NMJ-61-218.PMC7688027.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38344721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Psychosocial Health-related Quality of Life of Adults with Sickle Cell Disease in a Nigerian Setting.","authors":"Theresa Nwagha, Babatunde Ishola Omotowo","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_122_19","DOIUrl":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_122_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With improved understanding of disease mechanism in sickle cell disorder, many persons living with sickle cell disease (SCD) are surviving unto adulthood. There is a growing concern that SCD may impair the psychosocial health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with a resultant lack of psychosocial stability and integration. The objective of this study was to assess the determinants of psychosocial quality of life (QoL) among adults with SCD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study of adults with SCD. A multidimensional self-administered instrument, prevalidated for use in adults with chronic disease, was used. It consisted of 31 items that assessed physical function, physical and emotional role function, bodily pain, vitality, social function, mental health, and general health within 2 weeks prior to the time of survey. Questionnaires were administered to adults with sickle cell anemia who presented for their routine visit to the Sickle Cell Clinic at the Hematology Clinic in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla Enugu, or during sickle cell support group meetings. Psychosocial HRQoL was the primary outcome measured. Sociodemographic features such as marital status, gender, educational qualification, and SCD were the primary independent variables of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of I16 adults with SCD were participated in the study. After adjusting for marital status, gender, and educational qualification of adults with SCD, gender and marital status did not significantly affect psychosocial HRQoL (<i>P</i> = 0.619 and <i>P</i> = 0.146), respectively, while educational status significantly affected their HRQoL (<i>P</i> = 0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adults with SCD have impaired psychosocial HRQoL. There is a need to upscale patient-focused interventions to improve self-esteem and overall QoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 3","pages":"114-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e8/58/NMJ-61-114.PMC7547751.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38525618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Routine Histopathological Analysis of the Products of Conception: Is there a Value?","authors":"Samuel Robsam Ohayi,&nbsp;Nnaemeka Thaddeus Onyishi","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_242_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_242_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spontaneous miscarriage is one of the two most common problems encountered in the first trimester of pregnancy. The value of histopathological analysis of products of conception (POC) obtained as a result is a source of controversy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the histopathological characteristics of suspected POC following the first-trimester miscarriage and determine the clinical value of such histopathological analyses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of the histopathological analysis of POC over a period from January 1^st to December 31^st of 2016 carried out in the histopathology laboratory of a university teaching hospital. Materials for the study were POC obtained following spontaneous first trimester miscarriage and received in our laboratory. Relevant information about the patients was retrieved from the laboratory database and matched with laboratory request forms and copies of histopathology reports archived in the laboratory. Obtained data were analyzed by simple statistical methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common clinical diagnosis on admission was incomplete abortion (<i>n</i> = 52; 48.6%), followed by complete abortion (<i>n</i> = 31; 29.0%); the lowest was blighted ovum (<i>n</i> = 1; 0.9%). The predominant histopathological type was normal POC which constituted 73 cases (68.2%). Other histopathological diagnoses include hydatidiform mole (9, 8.4%) and no evidence of conception (15, 14%). Clinical and ultrasound evaluation missed 2 (22.2%) of the 9 histopathologically diagnosed hydatidiform moles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Histopathological analysis of POC helps to diagnose molar pregnancies and other conditions which can be missed by clinical and ultrasound evaluation. Therefore, routine histopathological analysis of POC is advocated.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 3","pages":"136-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/b7/NMJ-61-136.PMC7547754.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38532211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting Undergraduates' Participation in Medical Research in Lagos.","authors":"Opeyemi Mercy Awofeso, Alero Ann Roberts, Christian Oyor Okonkwor, Chiamaka Elise Nwachukwu, Ifeanyichukwu Onyeodi, Ilerioluwa M Lawal, Okoro Ebrubaoghene, Gift I Osakwe, Oluchi Buchi-Njere, Zaynab O Solahudeen","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_94_19","DOIUrl":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_94_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current situation regarding the scope and contribution of undergraduate medical research to the health space in Nigeria is still largely unreported in formal literature. This study examined the knowledge, attitudes, and the perceived barriers faced by medical students in Lagos toward research.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was conducted among all medical students in 200-600 levels of study at the College of Medicine, University of Lagos. With the aid of Self-administered questionnaires, we examined their knowledge of research and the analytical tools used in research, their attitudes and the perceived barriers to their participation in research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data were obtained from 221 medical students, of whom 52.9% had prior involvement in research and 14.0% and 6.3% had presented or published their research, respectively. The overall knowledge of medical research was low (21.3%) and reported barriers included lack of funding for research' (79.6%), \"lack of research and biostatistics curriculum\" (76.0%), \"inadequate training in research methodology\" (74.7%), \"insufficient time allocation to undergraduate research\" (73.3%), \"lack of professional supervisors and proper mentoring\" (58.8%), and \"lack of equipped laboratory facilities to conduct research\" (77.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results highlight the need for more mentored supervision and training to improve their knowledge of the principles and techniques of clinical research to increase involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 3","pages":"156-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ab/85/NMJ-61-156.PMC7547749.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38532216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of Medical Conditions among Dental Patients.","authors":"Elijah Olufemi Oyetola,&nbsp;Olufunlola Motunrayo Adesina,&nbsp;Kayode Ogunbameru,&nbsp;Shola Egunjobi,&nbsp;Adewale Francis Adejobi","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_80_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_80_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of medical conditions among dental patients in our local environment.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Oral Diagnosis (OD) Clinic of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Osun State.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Participants were selected using a simple random method from the pool of dental patients who presented at the OD Clinic of OAUTHC during the study period. Information was obtained from each participant using a structured questionnaire organized into sections. Section 1 collected information on participants' biodata such as age, sex, and weight. Section 2 recorded data on the history of the presence of relevant oral and systemic symptoms, while section 3 collected information on findings from intraoral and extraoral examination.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The results were analyzed using STATA 13 statistical software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1503 patients who visited dental hospital during the study period, 176 (11.7%) had medical problems. The mean age of patients with medical problems was 48.5 ± 21.0 years. The mean age was higher in men compared to women (<i>P</i> = 0.013). More than one-fifth (21.6%) of the patients were first diagnosed in the dental clinic. Hypertension was the most frequently seen medical condition, closely followed by peptic ulcer and diabetes mellitus. Patients whose medical problems were first diagnosed following dental consultation were significantly older than those with known medical conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prevalence of medical conditions in dental patients is high. Hypertension is the most frequently associated systemic conditions among dental patients. Medical conditions were common among older age group (>50 years), males, and those with gum problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 3","pages":"129-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/21/NMJ-61-129.PMC7547757.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38525619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Blood Donor Educational intervention on the knowledge and Attitude towards Voluntary Blood Donation among Medical Students at a Nigerian University.","authors":"Ngozi Immaculata Ugwu,&nbsp;Chigozie Jesse Uneke,&nbsp;Collins Nwachi Ugwu,&nbsp;Wilberforce John Otu Oti,&nbsp;Urudinachi Nnenne Agbo,&nbsp;Ifeyinwa Chizoba Akamike","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_177_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_177_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blood is a veritable tool in many life-saving situations. Despite the increased demand for blood, the supply of safe blood has been inadequate. This study was aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention on the knowledge and attitude of medical students of a Nigerian University to voluntary blood donation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study involving 158 undergraduate medical students of Ebonyi State University in South-East Nigeria. Participants were recruited by stratified sampling technique. A pretested semi-structured participant administered questionnaire was used to baseline knowledge and attitude to voluntary blood donation. This was followed by educational intervention in the form of a workshop by experts in blood transfusion medicine. Then, postintervention assessment was done using the initial questionnaire 30 days later. The study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 20 software, and <i>P</i> value was set at ≤0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 158 medical students who participated in the study, there were 90 (57%) males and 68 (43%) females. Baseline proportion of the participants who had good knowledge was high (72.8%), while baseline attitude of the participants was positive to most aspects of voluntary blood donation. Post intervention, the level of knowledge about voluntary blood donation increased to 99.4%, and similarly attitude to voluntary blood donation improved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Educational intervention was effective in improving the knowledge and attitude towards voluntary blood donation among medical students. Continuous enlightenment will influence potential blood donors to have better knowledge and positive attitude toward voluntary blood donation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 3","pages":"163-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/33/NMJ-61-163.PMC7547758.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38532218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lupus Vulgaris and Lichen Scrofulosorum with Disseminated Tuberculosis.","authors":"Nnenna Uzunma Okoh,&nbsp;T Nnaji,&nbsp;Chinwe L Onyekonwu,&nbsp;Chika Mary Emeka","doi":"10.4103/nmj.NMJ_135_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/nmj.NMJ_135_19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) represents only 1%-2% of extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis (TB). CTB can present in the isolation or coexist with pulmonary and disseminated forms of TB. Pathologically confirmed lupus vulgaris (LV) coexisting with lichen scrofulosorum with disseminated TB is presented and discussed. A 12-year-old boy presented with 2 years history of slowly progressive facial plaque and multiple skin colored papules on the neck. Tuberculin skin test was positive with a reading of > 20 mm. Histopathology revealed ulcerated areas with impetiginisation and keratopurulent debris. The entire skin showed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia with numerous granulomas in the superficial dermis consisting of Langhans-type multinucleated macrophages. Lesions responded to anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) with residual facial scar. LV and lichen scrofulosurum are two forms of CTB which rarely occurs together. This case is being presented to highlight the occurrence of this rare presentation and the need to institute ATT to prevent scarring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19223,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Medical Journal : Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association","volume":"61 3","pages":"169-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a1/85/NMJ-61-169.PMC7547755.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38532219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}