Neuropathology最新文献

{"title":"Documented growth of an intracranial capillary hemangioma: A case report.","authors":"Abigale D MacLellan, Alexander S Easton, Rufus Alubankudi, Gwynedd E Pickett","doi":"10.1111/neup.12933","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracranial capillary hemangiomas in adults are rare, and diagnosis can be challenging. Hemangiomas, in general (and particularly in the skin), are more often noted in the pediatric population. Due to the lack of imaging undertaken in the presymptomatic phase, the literature provides few clues on the rate of growth of these unusual tumors. Therefore, we report a case of a 64-year-old man with a medical history of Lyme disease who presented with exhaustion and confusion. Imaging demonstrated an intra-axial lesion with vascularity in the posterior right temporal lobe, raising the possibility of a glioma. Imaging two years prior revealed a very small lesion in the same location. The patient underwent a craniectomy, total resection of the lesion was completed, and his symptoms of confusion resolved. Biopsy revealed a capillary hemangioma composed of small vascular channels lined by endothelial cells and pericytes without smooth muscle. Features of glioma, vascular neoplasms or neuroborreliosis (cerebral Lyme disease) were not identified. Our case documents the growth over two years of a rare intracranial capillary hemangioma in an older adult male.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9754243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"MicroRNA-221 targeting PI3-K/Akt signaling axis induces cell proliferation and BCNU resistance in human glioblastoma\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/neup.12943","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12943","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41124861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astrocytes in ischemic stroke: Crosstalk in central nervous system and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Jueling Liu, Yuying Guo, Yunsha Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zhao, Rong Fu, Shengyu Hua, Shixin Xu","doi":"10.1111/neup.12928","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the central nervous system (CNS), a large group of glial cells called astrocytes play important roles in both physiological and disease conditions. Astrocytes participate in the formation of neurovascular units and interact closely with other cells of the CNS, such as microglia and neurons. Stroke is a global disease with high mortality and disability rate, most of which are ischemic stroke. Significant strides in understanding astrocytes have been made over the past few decades. Astrocytes respond strongly to ischemic stroke through a process known as activation or reactivity. Given the important role played by reactive astrocytes (RAs) in different spatial and temporal aspects of ischemic stroke, there is a growing interest in the potential therapeutic role of astrocytes. Currently, interventions targeting astrocytes, such as mediating astrocyte polarization, reducing edema, regulating glial scar formation, and reprogramming astrocytes, have been proven in modulating the progression of ischemic stroke. The aforementioned potential interventions on astrocytes and the crosstalk between astrocytes and other cells of the CNS will be summarized in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"3-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10029808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification with a heterozygous missense variant (c.902C > T/p.P307L) in SLC20A2 showing widespread cerebrovascular lesions\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/neup.12945","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12945","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ribosomal protein SA is a common component of neuronal intranuclear inclusions in polyglutamine diseases and Marinesco bodies.","authors":"Kaoru Yagita, Shoko Sadashima, Sachiko Koyama, Hideko Noguchi, Hideomi Hamasaki, Naokazu Sasagasako, Hiroyuki Honda","doi":"10.1111/neup.12927","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NIIs) are common key structures in polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases such as Huntington disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), and SCA3. Marinesco bodies (MBs) of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are also intranuclear structures and are frequently seen in normal elderly people. Ribosomal dysfunction is closely related to two differential processes; therefore, we aimed to identify the pathological characteristics of ribosomal protein SA (RPSA), a ribosomal protein, in both states. To this end, we evaluated the autopsy findings in four patients with HD, two SCA3, and five normal elderly cases (NCs). Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that both NIIs and MBs contain RPSA. In polyQ diseases, RPSA was co-localized with polyQ aggregations, and 3D-reconstructed images revealed their mosaic-like distribution. Assessments of the organization of RPSA and p62 in NIIs showed that RPSA was more localized toward the center than p62 and that this unique organization was more evident in the MBs. Immunoblotting of the temporal cortices revealed that the nuclear fraction of HD patients contained more RPSA than that of NCs. In conclusion, our study revealed that RPSA is a common component of both NIIs and MBs, indicating that a similar mechanism contributes to the formation of polyQ NIIs and MBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9672980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prednisolone improves hippocampal regeneration after trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration in association with prevention of T lymphocyte infiltration.","authors":"Masashi Sakurai, Miki Takenaka, Yuki Mitsui, Yusuke Sakai, Masahiro Morimoto","doi":"10.1111/neup.12926","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endogenous regenerative capacity of the brain is quite weak; however, a regenerative reaction, the production of new neurons (neurogenesis), has been reported to occur in brain lesions. In addition, leukocytes are well known to infiltrate brain lesions. Therefore, leukocytes would also have a link with regenerative neurogenesis; however, their role has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated leukocyte infiltration and its influence on brain tissue regeneration in a trimethyltin (TMT)-injected mouse model of hippocampal regeneration. Immunohistochemically, CD3-positive T lymphocytes were found in the hippocampal lesion of TMT-injected mice. Prednisolone (PSL) treatment inhibited T lymphocyte infiltration and increased neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-positive mature neurons and doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons in the hippocampus. Investigation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeled newborn cells revealed the percentage of BrdU/NeuN- and BrdU/DCX-positive cells increased by PSL treatment. These results indicate that infiltrated T lymphocytes prevent brain tissue regeneration by inhibiting hippocampal neurogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9948260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathology for severe inflammatory PML with PD1/PD-L1 expression of favorable prognosis: What's a prognostic factor for PML-IRIS?","authors":"Yukiko Shishido-Hara, Jiro Akimoto, Shinjiro Fukami, Michihiro Kohno, Jun Matsubayashi, Toshitaka Nagao","doi":"10.1111/neup.12929","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 72-year-old woman with dermatomyositis (DM) developed neurological manifestation, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)-hyperintense lesions predominantly in the deep white matter of the cerebral hemisphere. Punctate or linear contrast enhancement was observed surrounding the T1-hypointense area. Multiple T2/FLAIR-hyperintense lesions were aligned along with the corona radiata. Malignant lymphoma was first suspected, and a brain biopsy was performed. Pathological investigation suggested the provisional diagnosis of \"suspicious of malignant lymphoma.\" Owing to emergent clinical conditions, high-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy was conducted, and then T2/FLAIR-hyperintense lesions were dramatically reduced. However, the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was concerning since multiplex PCR demonstrated clonal restriction of the Ig H gene for B cells and TCR beta genes for T cells. Histopathology revealed the infiltration of both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, and the CD4⁺ /CD8⁺ ratio was 4.0. Moreover, prominent plasma cells were observed, in addition to CD20⁺ B cells. Atypical cells with enlarged nuclei were present, and they were not hematopoietic but found as glial cells. JC virus (JCV) infection was verified with both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization; the final diagnosis was progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The patient was treated with mefloquine and discharged. This case is informative in understanding the host anti-viral response. Variable inflammatory cells were observed, including CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, plasma cells, and a small amount of perivascular CD20⁺ B cells. PD-1 and PD-L1 expression was observed in lymphoid cells and macrophages, respectively. PML with inflammatory reactions was thought fatal, and autopsy cases of PML with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) demonstrated excessive infiltration of only CD8⁺ T cells. However, this case revealed infiltration of variable inflammatory cells, and a favorable prognosis would be expected under PD-1/PD-L1 immune-checkpoint regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9761087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pituitary apoplexy in endocrinologically silent adenoma during somatostatin analog administration for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report","authors":"Keitaro Shiraishi, Takuya Akai, Takahiro Tomita, Ryuji Hayashi, Takashi Minamisaka, Satoshi Kuroda","doi":"10.1111/neup.12959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/neup.12959","url":null,"abstract":"A dopamine agonist administered for prolactinoma treatment and pituitary stimulation tests are reported as risk factors for pituitary apoplexy. We report a case of an 82-year-old patient who suffered from pituitary apoplexy in an endocrinologically silent adenoma during lanreotide administration. The patient was diagnosed with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with lymph node metastasis and treated with lanreotide for two years. An endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach was used for tumor and hematoma removal. The specimen showed growth hormone and prolactin positivity and was diagnosed as pit1-lineage plurihormonal adenoma. The tumor also showed positivity for somatostatin receptor 2. Thus, lanreotide treatment is a risk factor for pituitary apoplexy even in silent adenoma.","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in comparison between radiation necrosis and tumor tissue in metastatic brain tumor: A case report","authors":"Fugen Takagi, Motomasa Furuse, Hiroko Kuwabara, Akihiro Kambara, Naoki Omura, Shogo Tanabe, Ryokichi Yagi, Ryo Hiramatsu, Masahiro Kameda, Naosuke Nonoguchi, Shinji Kawabata, Toshihiro Takami, Shin-Ichi Miyatake, Masahiko Wanibuchi","doi":"10.1111/neup.12958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/neup.12958","url":null,"abstract":"We report the case of a 70-year-old woman with metastatic brain tumors who underwent surgical removal of the tumor and radiation necrosis. The patient had a history of colon cancer and had undergone surgical removal of a left occipital tumor. Histopathological evaluation revealed a metastatic brain tumor. The tumor recurred six months after surgical removal, followed by whole-brain radiotherapy, and the patient underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. Six months later, the perifocal edema had increased, and the patient became symptomatic. The diagnosis was radiation necrosis and corticosteroids were initially effective. However, radiation necrosis became uncontrollable, and the patient underwent removal of necrotic tissue two years after stereotactic radiosurgery. Pathological findings predominantly showed necrotic tissue with some tumor cells. Since the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were expressed around the necrotic tissue, the main cause of the edema was determined as radiation necrosis. Differences in the expression levels and distribution of HIF-1α and VEGF were observed between treatment-naïve and recurrent tumor tissue and radiation necrosis. This difference suggests the possibility of different mechanisms for edema formation due to the tumor itself and radiation necrosis. Although distinguishing radiation necrosis from recurrent tumors using MRI remains challenging, the pathophysiological mechanism of perifocal edema might be crucial for differentiating radiation necrosis from recurrent tumors.","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138560358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyglucosan body disease in an aged chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes).","authors":"Sanjeev Gumber, Fawn Connor-Stroud, Dustin Howard, Xiaodong Zhang, Brenda J Bradley, Chet C Sherwood, Lary C Walker","doi":"10.1111/neup.12906","DOIUrl":"10.1111/neup.12906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 57-year-old female chimpanzee presented with a brief history of increasing lethargy and rapidly progressive lower-limb weakness that culminated in loss of use. Postmortem examination revealed no significant gross lesions in the nervous system or other organ systems. Histological analysis revealed round, basophilic to amphophilic polyglucosan bodies (PGBs) in the white and gray matter of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and coccygeal regions of spinal cord. Only rare PGBs were observed in forebrain samples. The lesions in the spinal cord were polymorphic, and they were positively stained with hematoxylin, periodic acid Schiff, Alcian blue, toluidine blue, Bielschowsky silver, and Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver methods, and they were negative for von Kossa and Congo Red stains. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed reactivity with antibodies to ubiquitin, but they were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, neurofilaments, tau protein, and Aβ protein. Electron microscopy revealed non-membrane-bound deposits composed of densely packed filaments within axons and in the extracellular space. Intra-axonal PGBs were associated with disruption of the axonal fine structure and disintegration of the surrounding myelin sheath. These findings are the first description of PGBs linked to neurological dysfunction in a chimpanzee. Clinicopathologically, the disorder resembled adult PGB disease in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19204,"journal":{"name":"Neuropathology","volume":" ","pages":"463-471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10642523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}