Primary cauda equina lymphoma confirmed by autopsy: A case report.

IF 1.3 4区 医学 Q4 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Neuropathology Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-28 DOI:10.1111/neup.12941
Keisuke Ishizawa, Takashi Komori, Rui Shimazaki, Yasuhiro Nakata, Jun-Ichi Tamaru, Atsushi Sasaki, Kazushi Takahashi
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Abstract

Compared with those involving the central nervous system, lymphomas involving the peripheral nervous system, namely neurolymphomatosis, are extremely rare. Neurolymphomatosis is classified as primary or secondary; the former is much rarer than the latter. Herein, we present an autopsied case of primary cauda equina lymphoma (PCEL), a type of primary neurolymphomatosis, with a literature review of autopsied cases of PCEL as well as primary neurolymphomatosis other than PCEL (non-PCEL primary neurolymphomatosis). A 70-year-old woman presented with difficulty walking, followed by paraplegia and then bladder and bowel disturbance. On magnetic resonance imaging, the cauda equina was diffusely enlarged and enhanced with gadolinium. The brainstem and cerebellum were also enhanced with gadolinium along their surface. The differential diagnosis of the patient included meningeal tumors (other than lymphomas), lymphomas, or sarcoidosis. The biopsy of the cauda equina was planned for a definite diagnosis, but because the patient deteriorated so rapidly, it was not performed. Eventually, she was affected by cranial nerve palsies. With the definite diagnosis being undetermined, the patient died approximately 1.5 years after the onset of disesase. At autopsy, the cauda equina was replaced by a bulky mass composed of atypical B-lymphoid cells, consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The spinal cord was heavily infiltrated, as were the spinal/cranial nerves and subarachnoid space. There was metastasis in the left adrenal. The patient was finally diagnosed postmortem as PCEL with a DLBCL phenotype. To date, there have been a limited number of autopsied cases of PCEL and non-PCEL primary neurolymphomatosis (nine cases in all, including ours). The diagnosis is, without exception, B-cell lymphoma including DLBCL, and the histology features central nervous system parenchymal infiltration, nerve root involvement, and subarachnoid dissemination (lymphomatous meningitis). Metastases are not uncommon. All clinicians and pathologists should be aware of lymphomas primarily involving the peripheral nervous system.

尸检证实的原发性马尾淋巴瘤:病例报告。
与累及中枢神经系统的淋巴瘤相比,累及周围神经系统的淋巴瘤(即神经淋巴瘤病)极为罕见。神经淋巴瘤病分为原发性和继发性两种,前者比后者罕见得多。在此,我们将介绍一例原发性马尾淋巴瘤(PCEL)(原发性神经淋巴瘤病的一种)的尸检病例,并对 PCEL 和 PCEL 以外的原发性神经淋巴瘤病(非 PCEL 原发性神经淋巴瘤病)的尸检病例进行文献综述。一名 70 岁的妇女出现行走困难,随后出现截瘫,接着是膀胱和肠道功能紊乱。磁共振成像显示,马尾呈弥漫性肿大,钆增强。脑干和小脑表面也有钆增强。患者的鉴别诊断包括脑膜肿瘤(淋巴瘤除外)、淋巴瘤或肉样瘤病。原计划对马尾进行活检以明确诊断,但由于患者病情急剧恶化,活检未能进行。最后,她出现了颅神经麻痹。由于无法确诊,患者在发病约 1.5 年后死亡。尸检发现,马尾被一个由非典型 B 淋巴细胞组成的肿块取代,与弥漫大 B 细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)一致。脊髓、脊神经/颅神经和蛛网膜下腔均被严重浸润。左肾上腺也有转移。患者死后最终被诊断为具有 DLBCL 表型的 PCEL。迄今为止,PCEL 和非 PCEL 原发性神经淋巴瘤病的尸检病例数量有限(共 9 例,包括我们的病例)。诊断结果无一例外都是 B 细胞淋巴瘤(包括 DLBCL),组织学特征为中枢神经系统实质浸润、神经根受累和蛛网膜下腔播散(淋巴瘤性脑膜炎)。转移并不少见。所有临床医生和病理学家都应了解主要累及周围神经系统的淋巴瘤。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Neuropathology
Neuropathology 医学-病理学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.30%
发文量
105
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Neuropathology is an international journal sponsored by the Japanese Society of Neuropathology and publishes peer-reviewed original papers dealing with all aspects of human and experimental neuropathology and related fields of research. The Journal aims to promote the international exchange of results and encourages authors from all countries to submit papers in the following categories: Original Articles, Case Reports, Short Communications, Occasional Reviews, Editorials and Letters to the Editor. All articles are peer-reviewed by at least two researchers expert in the field of the submitted paper.
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