Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine最新文献

{"title":"Fetal Macrosomia at a Tertiary Care Centre in Lagos, Nigeria.","authors":"Omololu Adegbola,&nbsp;Fatimah Murtazha Habeebu-Adeyemi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Large babies have attracted immense attention as they present obstetric problems with associated increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality. The major risk of fetal macrosomia is trauma to the fetus and mother during vaginal delivery.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the outcome of macrosomic babies with babies of normal birth weights.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective comparative study of deliveries over a period of two years from 1 \"August 2005 to 31st July 2007.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 198 macrosomic babies (6.9%) out of a total of 2,879 deliveries that occurred within the study period. Majority of the mothers were multiparous; para 2 to 4 (47.5% in the study group and 33.7% in the control group). Emergency Caesarean Section (EMCS) rate in the study group was 44.4% while it was 25.3% in the control group and this was statistically significant (p value <0.001). In this study the maternal injuries in the study group were not significantly higher than the control group. The fetal morbidity and mortality in the study group was significantly higher than the control group both with p values <0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fetal macrosomia is associated with high morbidity and mortality in this centre, there is a need to identify pregnant women at risk as well as adequate counseling of possible interventions and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19202,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine","volume":"25 2","pages":"90-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34572948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic effects of chitosan capsule on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and possible cardioprotective and β-cell regenerative effects","authors":"I. Akande, D. O. Fasheun","doi":"10.4314/NQJHM.V25I4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NQJHM.V25I4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chitosan capsule is manufactured by Green World Natural Solutions International Limited, U.S.A. as a food supplement; it is indicated in the management of obesity and hyperglycemia.Objective: To investigate the antidiabetic effects of Green World Chitosan capsuleTM in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Twenty male Wistar albino rats (130-150 g) were divided into five groups comprising normal control, diabetic control and diabetic treated with 150 mg/kg body weight chitosan, 300 mg/kg body weight chitosan or 6 IU/kg body weight insulin. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitonial injection of 65 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin prior to the commencement of treatment. After four weeks of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and their blood samples were collected for biochemical assays. The pancreas was harvested for histological assessments.Results: Treatment with the two doses of Chitosan significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose level, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol but significantly (p < 0.05) increased catalase activity compared to the diabetic control. Only the animals treated with the higher dose Chitosan (300 mg/kg body weight) showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde content, alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The aspartate amino transferase (AST) activity of the Chitosan treated groups was reduced but not significantly compared to the diabetic control. Histological examination of the pancreas of the diabetic rats treated with the two doses of Chitosan showed increased islet cells cluster compared with the diabetic control group.Conclusion: Green World Chitosan posseses hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant potentials, and could therefore be effective in the management of diabetes.Keywords: Chitosan capsule , Green World, Diabetes, Streptozotocin.","PeriodicalId":19202,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine","volume":"118 2 1","pages":"271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76928851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The frequency of suicidal ideation in asthma and the relationship to asthma control and depression","authors":"R. Ogbolu, O. Ozoh, O. Aina, B. Fadipe, N. Okubadejo","doi":"10.4314/NQJHM.V25I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NQJHM.V25I1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is considerable evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies linking asthma to an increased risk of suicide.Objective: To provide preliminary data among Nigerians on the frequency and characteristics of suicidal ideation in asthma.Methods: A cross-sectional study among consecutively consenting asthma patients attending the respiratory clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, over a six month period. Level of asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT). The Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSI) and the Suicide items of Beck's Depressive Inventory (BDI) were used to obtain data on suicidal ideation and the risk of depression respectively. Correlation and regression analysis were performed.Results: Eighty one (66.7% women) adult asthma patients participated. Their mean age was 46.3±13.0 years, mean ACT score was 18.7±4.3 (maximum score 25) and mean BDI score was 3.6 ± 4.0 (maximum score 63). There was a significant negative relationship between the ACT score and the BDI score (p 1). The mean BDI score was significantly higher among participants with suicidal ideation compared to those without suicidal ideation (6.8±5.2 versus 3.4±3.8, p=0.04). Among the participants with suicidal ideation, the BDI score and ACT score were negatively and insignificantly correlated to the BSI score (Pearson's correlation= -0.26, p=0.62), (Pearson's correlation=-0.03, p=0.96) respectively.Conclusion: The frequency of suicidal ideation among patients with asthma is modest. Participants with suicidal ideation were more symptomatic for depression and most had poor asthma control. This highlights the need for increased recognition and treatment of co-morbid psychiatric illness among asthma patients.Keywords: Asthma, suicide, Nigeria, comorbidity, depressio","PeriodicalId":19202,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78737554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro inhibition of Leishmaniadonavoni by extracts and column fractions of five selected endemic medicinal plants in Nigeria","authors":"A. Falodun, O. Erharuyi, V. Imieje, J. E. Falodun, Joy Ahomafor, T. Onyekaba, D. Cox, M. Abaldry, M. Hamann","doi":"10.4314/NQJHM.V24I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NQJHM.V24I2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19202,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"144-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73429033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital inclusion cysts of the subgaleal space","authors":"O. Bankole, M. O. Nnadi, S. O. Arigbabu","doi":"10.4314/NQJHM.V24I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NQJHM.V24I1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19202,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine","volume":"134 1","pages":"76-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77742284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors contributing to dissatisfaction in complete denture wearers.","authors":"B. Akinboboye, H. Oderinu, P. Akeredolu, O. Shaba","doi":"10.4314/NQJHM.V24I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NQJHM.V24I3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cisplatin (Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, CP) is an important chemotherapeutic agent, useful in the treatment of cancer, but with several side effects such as nephrotoxicity.Objective: The present study investigated the effect of Aloe vera gel (AVG) and selenium on Cisplatin induced oxidative stress on the kidneys and livers of male and female Wistar albino rats.Methods: Male and female Wistar albino rats were injected with a single dose of cisplatin (7mg CP/kg b.m., i.p.), selenium (6mg Se/kg b.m, as Na2SeO3 , i.p.) and Aloe vera (6mg Se/kg b.m), alone or in combination.Results: The result showed that CP increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were significantly higher in male wistar albino rats than in female wistar albino rats when treated with Aloe vera, suggesting male wistar albino rats were more susceptible to CP- induced oxidative stress than female wistar albino rats; Aloe vera served as a potent antilipidemic source and boosted immunity; reversed CPinduced kidney and liver damage in both male and female rats. Pre-treatment with selenium and Aloe vera limited CPinduced alterations of antioxidant enzyme activities and significantly prevented CP-induced kidney and liver damage. The levels of pretreated groups had a lower activity of these enzymes with the Aloe vera group having the lowest activities of these enzymes. Histological studies on the kidneys and livers of male and female Wistar albino rats showed significant damage.Conclusion: The nutritional Aloe vera possessed antioxidant components which prevented and ameliorated oxidative stress and loss of cellular antioxidants induced by Cisplatin in rats.Keywords: Cisplatin; selenium; nephrotoxicity; lipid peroxidation; antioxidant defense system, rat","PeriodicalId":19202,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine","volume":"89 1","pages":"233-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75795283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathway to Independence: Implications for Developing A Sustainable MIS Program in low Resource settings.","authors":"Oludara Mobolaji,&nbsp;Nwariaku Fiemu,&nbsp;Ibrahim Akanmu,&nbsp;Pursnani Kish,&nbsp;Williams Omolara,&nbsp;Omodele Foluso,&nbsp;Osuoji Roland,&nbsp;Ikuerowo Stephen,&nbsp;Aderounmu Adebimpe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal surgery has been at the forefront of advances in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). In the low resource settings of the developing countries, despite the benefits of MIS, its uptake in sub-Saharan African countries has been slow.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study reports the process of developing a minimally-invasive surgery service line as well as surgical outcomes in LASUTH. METHODS. We reviewed medical records of all patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery at LASUTH between March 2011 and March 2012. During each of three training missions in LASUTH patients with Gastrointestinal and gynaecological surgical conditions were carefully selected, and prepared for surgery. All patients were admitted a day prior to surgery. A description of the surgical technique and the skills training used is also presented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24 laparoscopic procedures were performed between March 2011 and March 2012. There were more females 17(70.8%) than males 7(29.2%), with a female to male ratio of 2.5:1. The age range was from 18 yrs to 75 yrs with a peak in the age group between 21-30 yrs. The chief complaints were right hypochondrial pain in 9 cases (37.5%) and right iliac fossa pain in 6 cases (25%) whilst others were right groin swelling, dysphagia, infertility and intersex state.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results presented in respect of conversion rate, length of post operative stay and complications rate are similar to the pattern in more established centers. The use of team training as done in LASUTH helps to accelerate the rate of learning and ensures sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19202,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine","volume":"23 4","pages":"309-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34558811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Effects of Exercise Training On Selected Cardio-Pulmonary Parameters and Body Composition of Nigerians with Chronic Heart Failure (A Preliminary Study).","authors":"O A Ajiboye,&nbsp;C N Anigbogu,&nbsp;J N Ajuluchukwu,&nbsp;S I Jaja","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of exercise training in the management of individuals with chronic heart failure has not been widely accepted by health care providers especially in Sub-Saharan Africa because of the possibility that the failing hearts may have a negative response to the increased workload and stress of exercise.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training (ET) on selected cardio-respiratory and body composition variables of Nigerians with chronic heart failure (CHF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty two Nigerians with CHF (male - 17), aged 30 to 71 years, mean age 54.2 ± 1.9 years and New York Heart Association Functional Class (NYHA) II-III recruited from Cardiology Clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital Nigeria participated in the study. They were randomized into exercise (EG) and control groups (CG). Exercise group performed 12-weeks of aerobic and resistance training for 60 minutes, three sessions per week. Selected cardio-respiratory and body composition variables were measured pre and post intervention in both groups. Data was analyzed using SPSS-17 package. Level of significance was set at 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in the measured variables between the groups at baseline (p > 0.05). Significant improvement was seen in EG in all the measured variables except the systolic (p = 0.29) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.45). No adverse effect was observed during the exercise training. No significant improvement was observed in the control group (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exercise training may improve cardiorespiratory and body composition variables in patients with chronic heart failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":19202,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine","volume":"23 4","pages":"295-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34558810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokines, Type 2 DM and the Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"A. Ogbera, A. Azenabor, O. Ogundahunsi, A. Ekun, E. Adejumo","doi":"10.4314/NQJHM.V23I4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/NQJHM.V23I4","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Inflammatory markers have been widely implicated in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the metabolic syndrome (Mets). Data on the association of cytokines (pro inflammatory mediators) and components of the Mets are sparse in sub Saharan Africa.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We sought to document the pattern of distribution of cytokines in Nigerian subjects with type 2 DM and compare cytokine levels between DM subjects with and without the Mets.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000200 subjects with type 2 DM and 100 healthy sex and aged matched Controls were studied. Anthropometric indices, lipid parameters and cytokine levels, which included interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and C reactive protein (CRP) were determined. Continuous variables were compared between subjects with type 2 DM and the controls and also between DM subjects with and without the Mets.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The mean levels of all studied cytokines were significantly higher in the subjects with type 2 DM than the Control subjects, save for IFN-γ which was significantly lower in type 2 DM. The mean cytokine levels were comparable in the DM subjects with and without the Mets and also comparable in obese DM and non obese DM subjects. Of the Mets defining criteria, waist circumference (WC) and Triglyceride (TG) were found to be significantly associated with only two of the studied cytokines. The correlation coefficient and p values of these findings are as follows: WC vs TNF-α (r = 0.16, p = 0.001) and TG vs CRP (r = 0.15, p = 0.03). Multiple regression analyses showed that the cytokines were linearly associated with each other but not with other clinical and biochemical variables. The cytokines were found to be interrelated. IL-10 with a beta value of 0.14 predicted the presence of INF-γ with a 95% confidence interval of 0.000 - 0.109 and a p value of 0.05. TNF-α with a beta value of 0.17 predicted the presence of IL-10 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.004 - 0.034 and a p value of 0.01. IL-10 with a beta value of 0.17 predicted the presence of TNF-α with a 95% confidence interval of 0.3-0.590 and a p value of 0.01.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Cytokine levels are higher in DM than non DM subjects; however, the cytokine levels are not strongly associated with the Mets. Limited correlations were found between each of the cytokines and the parameters of the Mets. Further studies on this entity amongst Africans should be carried out to ascertain if these results are peculiar to DM subjects in sub- Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":19202,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"318-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73145615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undergraduate Students' Knowledge and Practice of Gonorrhea and other Sexually Transmitted Infections.","authors":"A E Joda,&nbsp;F Tayo,&nbsp;B A Aina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health issue. Adolescents and youth (15-24 years) are the age groups at the greater risk for acquiring them. Also a large percentage of new STIs occur in this age group with 7000 young people worldwide acquiring the infection every day. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are poorly recognized and inadequately treated in Nigeria despite the fact that they constitute a major risk factor for sexual transmission of HIV infection. The shortage of trained human resources is among the most important obstacles to strengthening health systems in low-income countries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study is to document the knowledge and practice of undergraduate students about gonorrhoea and other STIs as a baseline survey for future intervention work.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It was a questionnaire-based, cross sectional descriptive study of the knowledge and practice of STIs among students in the seven public tertiary academic institutions in Lagos State using list obtained from the Lagos State Ministry of Education. Thirty (30) students who agreed to be surveyed were conveniently selected from each school. Pre-tested, semi-structured, validated questionnaires were administered and collected back. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and analysed using EPI Info, SPSS version 15 and Microsoft Excel. Results were considered to be statistically significant if p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority of the respondents were of the 21 - 25 year age range (48%) and were mainly single (95%), Christian (61%) and Yoruba (81%). About 51% of the respondents had at least good knowledge of gonorrhoea and other STIs. Knowledge about symptoms and transmission was higher than knowledge of prevention, consequences and drugs. Among those that are sexually active 24% do not use condom while 10% reuse condom. Use of both modern and traditional medical practitioners (TMP) was documented among the students.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Awareness programs with key messages about gonorrhoea and other STIs should be developed and circulated widely in tertiary institutions in the state to improve students' practice. Also strategies to embrace TMP for STI management should be evolved.</p>","PeriodicalId":19202,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian quarterly journal of hospital medicine","volume":"23 4","pages":"302-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34450035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}